W7. Assembly on Site

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Assembly on Site

Technical Standards and Quality Supervision

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One of the major characteristics of industrialized construction using prefabricated concrete elements is the speed of execution. It is important to emphasize once again the importance of the previous stages and, as with everything related to industrialized construction using prefabricated concrete elements, the project or design. If the correct procedures have been followed in both the design phase, accurately defining the various elements, and in the manufacturing stage, where dimensional control of the finished product plays a very important role, the expected errors in the execution phase should tend towards zero.

Assembly on Site

Assembly Planning

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General Site Plan

Structural plans

Floor plans, sections, and elevations

List and specifications of prefabricated elements

For on-site production of prefabricated elements, detailed drawings of the elements must be available.

Info

Assembly Stage

Lifting mode

Scheme of drawings to be developed

Logical Sequence Of The Process

Info

Assembly of prefabricated foundation elements.

Assembly of prefabricated roof elements.

Assembly of vertical prefabricated elements.

Roof prefabricated elements.

Recommendations For Assembly

According to the technical characteristics and position of the prefabricated element, special measures and care are necessary during assembly, from the detachment of the element to its transportation, storage on-site, and placement.

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1. Prefabricated elements list1.1. Quantity and coding of prefabricated elements 1.2. Weight of the elements 1.3. Production technology 1.4. Observations 2. Determination of crane type and auxiliary equipment 2.1. Mobile cranes 2.2. Crawler cranes 2.3. Tower crane 2.4. Special cranes (gantry, mast, etc.) 3. Storage and re-storage means 3.1. Transportation 3.2. Access 3.3. Storage 3.4. Re-storage 3.5. On-site fabrication (in situ)

Assembly Stage

Prefabricated foundations require special care due to their impact on the sequence of assembly phases and the precision and quality of the work. Specific measures include:

• Leveling - ensuring horizontal and surface regularity of the foundation support plane.
• Precision of horizontal axis X and Y layout.
• Vertical alignment precision - axis Z.
• Verification of non-rotation of the element.

Those Elements must be assembled in levels or complete modules to ensure maximum stability and rigidity during assembly and ease finishing works while protecting the building from weather during construction.

The selection of the crane and assembly auxiliary equipment is an important and decisive stage due to its influence on the rest of the stages and the final quality of the work.

The following factors must be analyzed:

Possibility of using Tower Cranes (TC), as they are highly effective in assembling prefabricated elements in the construction of tall buildings.

Vertical prefabricated elements must have proper production quality and precise dimensions. Proper leveling of the support plane and alignment with the base of the vertical element ensure maximum verticality and correct alignment. If necessary, elements should be shimmed and aligned precisely in all three axes. Proper connection between elements for structural integrity and minimizing deviations is essential.

• Standard
• For heavy elements
• Special lifting

Lifting mode

Roof elements (slabs) should be assembled by levels or complete modules to ensure maximum stability and rigidity of the building during assembly. This facilitates finishing works and protects the building from weather during construction.

• Ensure that the X and Y axes are marked on the top surface of the foundation pillar to align with those of the vertical element.
• Clean the bottom area before placing the vertical element (column) and pour a thin layer of mortar to ensure proper settling.
• Once the vertical element (column) is positioned, adjust it with wooden wedges, aligning it according to the marked axes and ensuring verticality.
• Brace the column in at least two directions to secure the correct position. Fill the space between the foundation pillar and the vertical element with concrete to fix the position.
• After the concrete sets, remove the wooden wedges and completely fill the space with concrete.

• Analyze the characteristics and peculiarities of the site.
• Identify all available spaces and facilities that can be used as Temporary Facilities.
• Check accesses, slopes, and maneuvering areas.
• Explore possibilities for local resources.

The Master Plan should consider all aspects related to assembly, from the different possible positions of the cranes to the storage areas for elements and the different assembly phases.

Additionally, the following should be considered:

• Assembly sequence (foundations, supports, columns, beams, slabs, etc.)
• Division of the building into parts
• Crane positions and routes
• Assembly schedules and cycloramas
• Temporary Facilities
• Assessment of electrical power needs

Scheme of drawings to be developed