Axial and Appendicular Muscle Actions

Anterior View of Muscles and Actions

Posterior View of Muscles and Actions

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Pelvic Muscles

Gluteus Maximus - Extend, laterally rotate, and abduct thighGluteus Medius - Abduct, medially rotate the thighPiriformis - Laterally rotate, adduct thighPsos Major - Hip flexion Iliacus - Hip flexion

Neck/Back Muscles

Sternoclenoid Mastoid - Flexes neck Trapezius - Etends the neck; raise, rotate, adduct the scapula Levator Scapulae - Elevates and adducts the scapula Latissimus Dorsi - Large, broad back muscle. Elevates neck; raise, rotate, adduct the scapula Rhomboid Major - Retract and stabalize scapula Rhomboid Minor - Retract and stabalize scapula Serratus Anterior - Scapula forward and lateral rotation

Upper Arm Muscles

Biceps Brachii - Flexes elbow and shoulder, supinates armCorachobrachialis - Adduction and Flexion of Humerus Triceps Brachii - Forearm extension Brachialis - Flexion of elbow

Intermediate Compartment Extensor Digitorium Superficials - Flexes hand and phalanges 2-5 Deep Compartment Flexor Pollicis Longus - Flexes the thumb

Lower Arm Muscles

Superficial Compartement Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Flexes wrist, adducts hand Palmaris Longus - Flexes wrist Flexor Carpi Radialis - Flexes wrist, abducts hand Pronator Teres - Pronates forearm

Anterior Arm Muscles

Biceps Brachii - Flexes elbow and shoulder, supinates arm Coracobrachialis - Flexion of elbow Brachialis - Flexion of elbow Deltoid - Abducts humerus

Anterior Forearm Muscles

Brachioradialis - Elbow flexion Pronator Teres - Pronates forearm Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Extends and abducts wrists Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Extends and abducts wrist Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Extends, adducts wrist Supinator - Supinates arn

Muscles of the Head

Epicranius-Frontalis - Raises eyebrows Epicranius Occiptalis - Pulls scalp posteriorly Temporalis - Elevates and retracts mandible Masseter - Elevates mandible Buccinator - Compresses cheek Orbicularius Oris - Closes lips Zygomaticus Major/Minor - Elevates corners of mouth Risorius - Draws corners of lips laterally.

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Biceps Femoris - Extend thigh, flex knee, medially rotate leg Semitendinosus - Extend thigh, flex knee, medially rotates leg. Semimembranosus - Extends thigh, flex knee, medially roates thigh Adductor Longus - Adduct, medially rotates and adducts thigh Adductor Magnus - Adduct, medially rotate and flex thigh Gracilis - Adduct, medially rotate and flex thigh

Poster

Gastrocnemius - Plantar flexion, flex kneeSoleus - Plantar flexion Popliteus - Rotates tibia laterally Tibialis Posterior - Inversion, plantar flexion Flexor Hallucis Longus - Flexes toe 1, plantar flexion Flexor Digitorium Longus - Flexes toes 2-5, plantar flexion Fibularis Longus - Plantar flexion, eversion of foot

Lower Leg Muscles

Anterior Thigh Muscles

Rectus Femoris - Extends knee, flex hip Vastus Lateralis - Extends knee Vastus Medialis - Extends knee Vastus Intermedialis - Deep to rectus femoralis. Extends knee Tensor Fasciae Latae - Flex, abduct, medially rotate thigh Sartorius - Flex knee; flex, adduct, laterally rotate thigh. Gracilis - Adduct, medially rotate

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Anterior Lower Leg Muscles

Tibialis Anterior - Dorsiflexion, foot inversion Extensor Digitorium Longus - Toe extension, and dorsiflexion Extensor Hallicus Longus - Extends big toe and dorsiflexion Fibularis Longus - Plantar flexion, eversion of foot Fibularis Brevis - Plantar flexion, eversion of foot

Anterior Torso Muscles

Pectoralis Major - Flex, medial rotation, and adduction of armPectoralis Minor - Elevates ribs and scapula forward External Intercostals - Decompress ribcage, inspiration Internal Intercostals - Decompress ribcage, expiration Serratus Anterior - Move scapula forward and lateral rotation. Rectus Abdominis - Flex and rotate vertebral column External Oblique - Trunk rotation, lateral flexion, depress ribs Internal Oblique - Trunk rotation, lateral flexion, depress ribs Transverse Abdominis - Compress abdomen

Shoulder Muscles

Supraspinatus - Abducts humerus Infraspinatus - Laterally Rotates Humerus Subscapularis - Abducts Humerus Teres Major - Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus Teres Minor - Extends, laterally rotates arm

Erector Spinae Muscles

Extend neck and vertebral column

• Spinalis - attachest to spinous process (medial)
• Longissismus - thickest and longest
• Iliocostalis - most lateral