Facts in the time of COVID-19

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Facts in the time of COVID-19

COVID-19

In the internet era, information spreads far, fast. If a few people believe something untrue or mix up some details, it isn’t always a big deal. But when we’re dealing with a public health crisis, it becomes more important than ever to get reliable information from expert sources. When false information about sensitive subjects spreads far and fast, you end up with what some people are calling an infodemic, where the spread of false information becomes a crisis unto itself. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s on each of us to slow down, look to the relevant experts, and think before we share.

Truth decay

Misinformation is incorrect information shared by mistake. Disinformation is incorrect information shared deliberately. Disinformation can be tricky to identify, but careful reading and critical thinking can help you avoid falling for it.

Misinformation and disinformation

Not all sources are trustworthy.

Experts have different specialties.

Change is a natural part of science.

Science is meant to move slowly.

With this pandemic, we’re watching the scientific process in real time. But it’s important to keep in mind that the 24-hour news cycle gives us access to sensational stories based on early research that will be revised later. These are some things to keep in mind that can help you make sense of all the information you encounter.

We’re watching science in real time!

The scientific process involves lots of careful trial and error, as well as monitoring situations over long periods of time. It moves in stark contrast to the 24-hour news cycle. Breaking news is essential in times of crisis, such as during a war or a natural disaster. But a novel disease pandemic is a different kind of crisis. It evolves slowly – the experts are still figuring it out, and that process can’t be rushed. Patience and revision are both crucial parts of that process.

Science is meant to move slowly.

Tip

When scientists’ ideas don’t hold up to careful testing and peer review, or when conflicting new information emerges, they form new hypotheses and issue corrections. These revisions indicate thorough research, so change is a good thing. Most research surrounding the virus is still in the early stages, so we can expect to see a lot of changes, including when it comes to instructions for the public. For example, at first, experts didn’t think everyone needed masks. As they learned more about the virus, they determined masks were important, so the instruction changed. Follow current expert advice, even if it’s different from what they said previously. And if you’re curious, you can usually find great articles and studies that explain what changed!

Change is a natural part of science.

Not everyone can be an expert in every field, and right now especially, different information needs to come from different experts. One person might have the best answers about how infectious diseases spread, while another will know more about how vaccines are made. Credible experts will happily refer you to someone else if something is not in their field of knowledge. If one person claims to have all the answers on everything from news reporting to vaccine development, that is a red flag.

Experts have different specialties.

Credible sources provide evidence.

Not all stories are dramatic.

Headlines can be misleading.

It’s important to get your news from responsible, trustworthy sources. Major newspapers or their websites are a great place to start, along with any respected experts in your local community.

Not all sources are trustworthy.

Be patient

Own your mistakes

Check credentials

Notice your emotional reactions

There are some simple things you can do to avoid falling for misinformation and disinformation as you consume news stories.

Don’t fall for it!

If you share misinformation, share the correct information once you find out. Even if you’re not a journalist or public figure, it’s important to take responsibility for what you share.

Own your mistakes

When you read an article, before you share it or take action, pay attention to your body. Did your heart start beating faster? Did your muscles tense? If you are having a strong reaction, take a few deep breaths. Ask yourself why you are feeling so strongly about it, and whether those emotions might be impacting your judgment. If a story makes you mad or afraid, it can be easier to miss that the details don’t add up.

Notice your emotional reactions

Make sure you listen to relevant experts, not just any expert.

Dig deeper

Look at specialties

Check credentials

Tip

New research results are published every day, and some involve exciting news about a new vaccine or treatment. We all want a vaccine, so it can be tempting to accept these stories right away. But one study is generally not enough, and extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. If a story is brand new, or if there is still debate between experts, try to be patient until more information comes forth.

Be patient

Further investigation

Read news from well-established publications that cite lots of sources and interview relevant experts. Even then, before you panic about a story you’ve read, try to find the same information reported on elsewhere. Read more than one version; you may be surprised by how a slight difference in wording can change the story!

Your state and local health boards will have the most up-to-date information on the virus in your area. Follow their guidance, and err on the side of caution. As your state opens up, continue to take as many safety measures as you’re able and to stay home when possible. Center for an Informed Public is a great, ongoing resource to learn more about spotting misinformation and disinformation.

So how can you minimize your exposure to misinformation and disinformation? Above all, choose your resources carefully.

This exhibit was created by Pacific Science Center. For more information or to explore other exhibits, please visit pacificsciencecenter.org

Pacific Science Center would like to thank our advisers for this exhibition: Jevin West Center for an Informed Public Director University of Washington Information School Associate Professor Carl Bergstrom University of Washington Department of Biology Professor