Five Heutagogy Principles
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Created on April 5, 2023
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Heutagogy Principles
Source: Blaschke, L. M. & Hase, S. (2021). So, You Want to Do Heutagogy: Principles and Practice. In S. Hase & L. M. Blaschke (Eds.), Unleashing the Power of Learner Agency. EdTech Books. https://edtechbooks.org/up/pp
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learner Agency
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Learner Agency
The ability to make choices
"The fundamental, central principle of heutagogy is learner agency, where the student is the primary agent of his or her learning, with the learner making decisions about learning, from what will be learned and how, to whether learning has been achieved and to what degree (e.g., self-assessment)." In traditional higher education, learner agency is difficult to accomplish because goals and assessments are required to be prescribed by the instructor. However, there are ways in which learners can gain some agency over their own learning.
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learner Agency
Self-Efficacy and Capability
What you think you can do
"Also central to the theory are the principles of 1) self-efficacy, which is the learner's belief in his or her own abilities, and 2) capability, which is the ability of the learner to demonstrate an acquired competency or skill in new and unique environments; the resultant experience of both has the potential to create transformational learning."Learners with a high self-efficacy also feel competent in their capabilities and confident that they can meet the challenges of learning. This makes efficacious learners suitable for heutagogical learning. Learners with low self-efficacy believe that their capabilities are limited, and they lack confidence in themselves. As a result, they tend to be unmotivated or unwilling to attempt challenging learning on their own and would fail in a heutagogical model.
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learning Agency
Metacognition and Reflection
Recognize what you know and don't know
"Reflecting upon and critically thinking about what has been learned and the process of learning, in the form of double-loop learning (metacognition), is another principle of heutagogy."Metacognition is a highly valued skill because it allows us to be sophisticated learners with multiple strategies for learners. A metacognitive learner can find the right strategy for the right ocasion and switch the strategy in mid-stream if it appears to be failing.
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learning Agency
Non-Linear Learning
Choice creates opportunity to create any path
"The learning path is directed by the learner, and is not pre-defined or sequential, as the learner is responsible for identifying what will be learned and how. As a result, this path can often be chaotic and divergent – much like learning in connectivist and rhizomatic learning environments."Not all of us learn the same way, but structured curriculum developed by the instructor has to follow a linear sequence to fulfill certain instructional designs and support scaffolding for learners that need them. Not everyone does, though, and for those that can guide themselves, a heutagogical model allows opportunities to follow your own learning process, regardless of the order.
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learner Agency
Learning How to Learn
Becoming independent as you know yourself
"While this is partly inherent in the other principles, McAuliffe et al (2011) single out this factor as a key principle of heutagogy." (Blaschke & Hase, 2015, 2019; McAuliffe et al, 2011) The idea of learning to learn is that as you venture on your own to try to learn, you also undergo a process where you start recognizing what works and does not work for you, which is a form of trial and error process for learning how to learn. This also overlaps with metacognition and reflection because you use those skills to recognize when you need to learn how to learn.
Self-Efficacy and Capability
Metacognition and Reflection
Non-Linear Learning
Learning How to Learn
Learner Agency