Quiz 4 Review

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Vocabulary

Milestones

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Grammar

Modal verbs: ability

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Grammar

Expressing purpose

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Grammar

Past perfect

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Vocabulary

Outdoor equipment

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Vocabulary

Skills and abilitites

Unit 7

2 Partial

Quiz 4

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Vocabulary

Comment adverbs

Grammar

Modal verbs: obligation and necessity

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Grammar

Non-defining relative clauses

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Grammar

Passives: present and past

Vocabulary

Geographical features

Vocabulary

Multi-word verbs

Unit 8

2 Partial

Quiz 4

• I recommend classic music for soothing.
• This cloth is for cleaning the tables.

use for + -ing to talk about the purpose or function of something.

• I was hungry, so I ate.

use so + clause (subject + verb) to express result or consequence

• Finish your veggies so that you can grow strong.
• Download the map so you don't get lost.

use so (that) + modal or clause (subject + verb)

• You'll need a better camera in order to take high-quality pictures.
• We are going to study a lot in order to pass the exam
• They returned the things to the store in order to not get in trouble.

use in order to + infinitiveas a more formal alternative

expressing purpose, or saying why we do something can be done in different ways:

use to + infinitive

• I'm going to Peru to visit Machu Picchu.
• She's saving money to buy a new car.
• He stayed home to not get infected.

as an alternative to can/could in more formal contexts

Use be able to + verb

• Some children are able to speak at a young age.
• I wasn't able to open the window.
• He'll be able to help you later.
• I've never been able to understand Math.
• I'd love to be able to sing.
• You need to be able to speak German for this job.
• She enjoys being able to spend time at home.

• She could play the piano before.
• I couldn't swim until I was 10 years old.

to talk about general in the past

Use could/couldn't + verb

to talk about ability in the present

Modals of ability

Use can/can't + verb

• She can run very fast.
• I can't play the guitar.
• Can he cook?

amazingly fortunately/unfortunately happily/sadly hopefully luckily/unluckily obviously strangely (not) surprisingly thankfully tragically

get married/engaged/divorced have children move house graduate from university/college find/get/lose your first job pass a driving test/an exam win an award go traveling/abroad start a business leave home/school fall in love

clear uptake out call...back shut down join in put...away throw away put...back give out dealing with hand in

photos/a course/a French class

English/how to change a tire/to play the flute

a website/my own clothes/a house

TikTok videos/my work/my post

delicious dishes/for an interview/for a party

my practical skills/my interview skills/a plan

my speaking skills/my math/my score

confidence/experience/knowledge

my language skills/my project/my singing

work on gain improve develop prepare edit design learn take

don't use that with a non-defining relative clause

• The reserve, where you can see bears, wolves, and other animals, needs your donations.
• The best time to visit Dubai is from November to March, when it isn't so hot, so you don't get dehydrated.

use where for places and when for time

• PrepaTec, whose services are one of the best in Mexico, has many students.

use which for things

• Shakira was born in Barranquilla, which is a city in Colombia, in 1977.

use whose for possession

Use non-defining relative clauses to give more information about a person, thing, or place.Always separate a non-defining relative clause from the main clause with a comma.

use who for people

• William Shakespeare, who was from England, wrote many plays like Romeo and Juliet.

to express permission or prohibition

Use be (not) allowed to + verb

• We aren't allowed to use our phones in class.

to express what is necessary or required

Use need to + verb

• She needs to live close to her job.
• I needed to go shopping but I forgot.

is the past tense of must and have to/had got to

had to + verb

• They had to leave school early.

as an alternative to must

Use have to/have got to + verb

• You have to wear a tie to the party.
• We have got to win the game.

to express what you are obligated not to do

Use mustn't + verb

• We mustn't be late.

to express what is necessary, required, or what you are obligated to do

modal verbs: obligation and necessity

Use must + verb

• We must wear a seat belt at all times.

amazingly fortunately/unfortunately happily/sadly hopefully luckily/unluckily obviously strangely (not) surprisingly thankfully tragically

• The meeting had already finished when James arrived.
• I had just called you.

already emphasizes the action is completed and just tells us that it happened a short time before.

Use already and just

to connect the events or situations

Use when, before, after, by the time, by this time

• We'd lived in the apartment for weeks before we met the neighbors.
• William had left the party by the time we arrived.

Use the past perfect to show what happened first.Use the past simple to talk about what happened second.

to talk about an event in the past that happened before another event in the past.

Past Perfect

Use had + past participle

• The meeting had finished when James arrived.
• Before I decided to travel to South America, I had traveled through Europe.

backpackcamping stove insect repellent portable charger sleeping bag sunglasses sunscreen tent torch walking/hiking boots waterproof jacket

lakemountaintpeak rainforest river shore valley waterfall

baycave cliff coast desert forest hill island