Industrial revolution

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Industrial REVOLUTION

AGRIcultural Revolution

Causes/ consecuences Industrial revolution

STAGES OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Basque industrializa-tion

index

CONCLUSIONS

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This revolution was lead by the enclosure and it had many consecuences:

MAIN CHANGES

Technological advances

Revolution in transport

Changes in demography

Changes in urbanism and services

Capital to invest

Agricultural changes

Types of factors

CAUSES / CONSECUENCES

*Comparations

3rd Industrial Revolution

2cnd Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution

1945-2010

1780-1850

1850-1945

Stages of the revolution

*Conclusions

INDUSTRIALISATION IN BISCAY AND GIPUZKOA: MAIN DIFFERENCES

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Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Cost of transportation reduced, and consequently the price of raw materials 2. Improve the connection between factories and workers moved to cities

Revolution in transport

1. High cost of transportation 2. The cannals and dirt roads cannot accommodate the industrial traffic

For the landlords, enclosure meant winning more lands and money as the production of the crops was increasing and they received money from the owners who paid for their lands. So, it was a positive change for them. For the labourers, enclosure meant losing their jobs and homes, as they were replaced by parliament members or machines that were able to do the same job as them, but in a more efficent way. So, it was a really negative change for them.

1- The period of the industrial revolution was not the same neither for Biscay nor for Gipuzkoa, as it was slow at developing. On the one hand, it began in the middle of the 19th century in Biscay. On the other hand, at the end of the 19th in Gipuzkoa and lastly, in the middle of the 20th in Araba and Navarre. 2- Regarding capital, in Biscay, the existence of a traditional merchant class was the one who provided the money. However, in Gipuzkoa, factories were set up with local capital. 3- While the size of industry of the model of Biscay was large, such as Altos Hornos, the size of industry of the industrial model of Gipuzkoa was quite small. For example, Algodonera San Antonio, La papelera Española.

Productivity

Before:Lower productivity, an inefficent system- Field left fallow - Wasted land bteween strips - Much land left uncultivated

After:Higher productivity Compact farms saved time

Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Hygiene and healthcare -> population growth which makes a large workforce available for industry 2. The profits from the first textile factory are enormous and the profits are invested to build new factories

Changes in demography

1. Diseases and plagues 2. Many poeple lose their livelihood because of the enclosure

Characteristics

Energy sources: Water, steam, coal Machines: Mechanised fanufacturing, cotton mills, steam engine Basic industries: Textile, iron Means of transportation: Ships, trains Market: Internal, Europe Workforce: Non-organised factory workers Spread: United Kingdom

Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Clothes can be made a hundred times faster 2. More efficient and factories can be away of the river 3. Iron is manufactured at low prices and is transported easily -> the use increases 4. Create substancial pollution and the noise they produce increases too

1. Lots of time producing 2. Energy generator machines were not effective and factories should not be built near the river 3. Primary fuel in the new iron industry 4. Steam-engines iron and steel, production of shoes, clothing and furnitures increases

Technological advances

Workforce

Before:Villagers used common lands for taking wood and grazing animals

After:Members of the parliament became landowners and peasants became labourers on landlord’s lands (employees) - Increase poverty (not everyone could find a job) - Increase unemployement (there where new machines that could do the job of the people)

4- Whereas the location of industry in Biscay was in the surroundings of Bilbao, Sestao… The location in Gipuzkoa was all the province. So, we could say that it was more extended in Gipuzkoa than in Biscay. 5- The industry workers of Gipuzkoa were locals, people bron in Gipuzkoa. Nevertheless, the industry workers from Biscay were mainly immigrants because of the high need for workers. 6- According to industry fields, Biscay had shipyards and steelworks. Moreover, Gipuzkoa had a more diverse range of industries. That is, textile, train manufuctuning, paper and armament industry.

Characteristics

Energy sources: Previous one, nuclear, renewable Machines: Internet, Robot, computers, telephony, mobile Basic industries: Electronic, computers, bio-sanitary, nuclear Means of transportation: Steamship, Automobile, Aeroplane Market: World Workforce: Highly qualified workers Spread: MEDCs and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa)

Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Farm production had increased2. The common lands are sold by the government

Agricultural changes

1. Need of food and goods2. Lack of land for farming

4- Similarly, both during the two revolutions the means of transportation were ships and trains. Nevertheless, in the second revolution we have to add cars and planes. 5- I think that the significant difference is regarding the spread of the revolution. The first revolution occured only in the United Kingdom, while the second revolution happened in Germany and France. Moreover, the powers were Germany, the United States of America, Japan and other European countries.

1- Concerning energy sources, we can see that whereas in the first revolution they used less advances and efficient sources (water, steam, coal…), in the second one, they used more improved sources, such as petrol, steel and iron. 2- As far as markets are concerned, the first industrial revolution wasn’t as global as the second revolution. In fact, during the first revolution markets were internal, just in Europe and during the second one were international. 3- On the one hand, the workforce of the first industrial revolution was non-organised and citizens were factory workers. On the other hand, the workforce of the second revolution was mainly qualified and organised by Trade Unions.

Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Huge economic development in England 2. The poor classes variety go down

1. Entrepreneurs need capital to set up factories 2. Excess of workers so capitalists want to make more profits

Capital to invest

Consecuences:

Causes:

1. Housing crisis increased and a lot of people lived on the same roof 2. Middle-classes can also enjoy the fine life of culture and good living

1. Unemployed people moved to Aberham to search for work but they did not have a place to live 2. The middle class wanted to enjoy culture and good living

Changes in urbanism and services

Tools

Before:Simple and very low quality

After:New inventions led to mechanised farming: seed drills for planting and harvesting

Characteristics

Energy sources: petrol, steel, iron Machines: Oven, vacuum cleaner, washing machine (appliences) Basic industries: Iron and steel industry, chemical industry, electricity, automobile Means of transportation: Railways, ships, cars, plane Market: World, international Workforce: Mainly qualified and organised by Trade Unions Spread: Powers: Germany, the United States of America, Japan and other European countries

Agricultural system and methods

Before: Open lands with no fences, everything was free for everyone, very old systems and methods

After:Fields organised into closed fields(with hedges, fences) So, increased production - Crop rotation - Specialised farms (cattle, pigs,...) - Animal-breeding, land-management and soil fertility increased.