The Stuart Age

1603-1707

Stuarts

17th C.

Miss Camila López Culture and Civilization I 2023

Stuart Age

index

9. family life

8. life and work

7. revolution in thought

5. constitutional monarchy

4. republican britain

3. civil war

2. religious trouble

6. foreign relations

1. Parliament vs crown

index

1) Elizabeth sold Monopolies to nobles. Parliament thought it was unfair. 2) James I believed in the "divine right of kings". Parliament did not. 3) Charles I dissolved Parliment... three times!

Parliament vs Crown

Petition of Right

As a precondition to granting any future taxes, in 1628 Parliament forced the King to assent to the Petition of Right. Parliament controls: 1) state money 2) National Budget 3) The law

This picture (1633) announces the triumph of kingship. At the time Charles was at the height of his power. He had no need of Parliament and it seemed that the king could rule alone, as the king of France was doing. Charles was fatally wrong.

1637

religious disagreement

1) Puritans wanted a democratic Church. 2) In simple words, Puritans wanted to get rid of Bishops. Charles I didn't like Puritans. 3) Let's appoint William Laud as Archbishop of Canterbury! (yes, Canterbury again). He brought back some Catholic practices. 4) Catholics were unpopular because of the Gunpowder Plot incident in 1605. 5) Archbishop Laud made Scotland angry because he tried to make the Scottish Kirk (church) very similar to England and he also introduced a new prayer book. 6) 1638: Rebellion of the Scottish Army.

(again)

Gunpowder Plot (1605)

Let's link these events

Charles I tried to borrow money from merchants, bankers and gentry. He didn't. PETITION OF RIGHT.

Charles I DISSOLVED Parliament, needed money, called Parliament again.

He dissolved Parliament again, ruled with balance, but Laud messes up and now we're in debt.

James I ruled without Parliament between 1611 and 1621.

so...

Charles I

Civil War

Sure.. sure... ...I'm divine tho.

Parliament

We'll get you money, but we'll meet every three years.

-AKA "roundheads"-Supported by: the navy, merchants, London. -Defeated the Royalists in the Battle of Naseby in 1645.

Parlamentarians

Royalists

-AKA "Cavaliers"-Supported by: House of Lords. -In 1645 the army was unpaid. They ran away.

1642

REPUBLICAN BRITAIN

-Oliver Cromwell creates "model" army.-"wHaT do WE Do WITh the kING??!!" -Charles I insisted he was ‎✨divine ‎✨ -Puritans: KILL HIM. We can build ✨God's Kingdom ✨ in England. -People: we want him back. Parlamentarians and the Army are scary. -Charles was executed on January 31st 1649 after he was found "guilty" of war against his kingdom and Parliament. NOW PEOPLE WERE FRIGHTENED.

Republican britain

They got rid of the Monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Anglican Church. -Scots tried to convince Charles II to take the throne, but he failed. Scotland was brought under English Republican rule. -Killings in Ireland as a "punishment" for the killings of Protestants in 1641. This was a symbol of English cruelty to Ireland. -In 1653 Parliament was dissolved by the Army. -Oliver Cromwell declares himself LORD PROTECTOR, with FAR more power than Charles had. -Christmas is banned, Easter is banned, games are banned. -"Levellers" appear.

Bad to worse(1649-1660)

Constitutional Monarchy

Test Act: no public positions for Catholics. Whigs vs Tories. ("Left" vs "Right")

1673

1660

Charles II crowned King.He gave MP's positions of power and responsibility.

1688

James II had a mental breakdown. The Crown is offered to Mary but William disagrees. He also wants to be King. Parliament: 🙄🙄🙄Glorious Revolution: Parliament made William king, not by inheritance but by their choice, was revolutionary.

William of Orange marches into London

1689

The king was now unable to raise taxes or keep an army without the agreement of Parliament, or to act against any MP for what he said or did inParliament.

Bill of Rights

1685

He was a Catholic, and the Parliament had always feared his rule. This period is remembered as the "killing times" in Scotland. Everyone had high hopes for Mary, his Protestant daughter, married to a Protestand ruler of Holland, William of Orange.

James II becomes King of England.

1685

1701

Parliament finally passed the Act of Settlement, to make sure only a Protestant could inherit the crown. It stated that if Mary had no children the crown would pass to her sister Anne. If she also died without children, it would go to a granddaughter of l ames I, who had married the German elector of Hanover, and her children. TheAct of Settlement was important, and has remained in force ever since, although the Stuarts tried three times to regain the crown. Even today, if a son or daughter of the monarch becomes a Catholic, he or she cannot inherit the throne.

Act of Settlement

1701

Britain wanted to limit French power. Louis XIV was POWERFUL. Britain was slowly growing. They had 12 colonies in America and The West Indies (sugar).

2) france:

1) Holland:

Competition for trade. After three wars, they agreed peace and teamed up against... (you guessed it!)

Foreign relations

1) Puritanism

HOW PURITAN ARE YOU?

Revolution in thought

2) SCIENTIFIC THINKING

FRANCIS BACON: SCIENTIFIC METHOD. "Every scientific idea, he argued, must be tested by experiment. With idea and experiment following one after the other, eventually the whole natural world would be understood" ISAAC NEWTON: GRAVITY. (1666) As a result of the rapid spread of literacy and the improvement in printing techn iques, the first newspapers appeared in the seventeenth century. They were a new way of spreading all kinds of ideas, scientific, religious and literary. Many of them included advertisements. In 1660 Charles II advertised for his lost dog.

Revolution in thought

Work

Life & Work

Trade improved. Merchants started exporting cereals.

life

Scientific improvements made life easier. Prices fell. Markets, shops, transport, coffeehouses vs alehouses

+ Info

AUTHORITY

Family Life

The Protestants believed th at personal faith was important, and put extra responsibility on the head of the family for its spiritual welfare. The father always led daily family prayers and Bible reading. In some ways he had taken the place of the priest. As a result. his wife and children belonged to him, mind, body and soul. Absolute obedience was expected. Disobedience was considered an act against God as well as the head of the house.

Population

The rapid rise in population from Tudor England stopped.

1603 - 1707

The Stuarts

Thank you

GOOD LUCK!