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Transcript

The definition of life is a hard thing to define. Bioligest have come up with criteria that the orginisms must meet to be considered alive.

  • Order
  • Sensitivity or response to stimuli
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
  • Development
  • Regulation/homeostasis
  • Energy processing
  • Adaptation

The Proprties of life can be put into eight charachteristics.

Definition of Life

The reason why viruses fail to be considered alive is due to the fact that they fail in meeting all the characteristics of life. Viruses do not carry out metabolic prosses. This includes the making of energy molecules. Another major factor is they have no cells. The only life process a virus goes through is reproduction. This process is only to make copies of itself after it infects a living cell. by Dhruv Kumar

Viruses are microscopic parasites that make people sick. Some diseases that they carry are HIV the flu and Ebola."Why are viruses considered to be non-living?" by Dhruv Kumar sept.7th 2021

What is a Virus and are they Alive

Some scientists think that viruses are very old and are an evolution of cells them selfs. This comes from lead researcher Gustavo Caetano-Anolles. In the same research, they looked into what is called Protein folds and they have 442 only 66 are virus-specific. With this theory, it shows several signs of life and that is why some scientist think they are alive

The Theory Behind Viruses Being Alive

The information that is provided helps thee claim that Viruses are not living. This is because they do not make energy to keep itself going.

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est. 2019

How does this information provide evidence for or aginst the argument that viruses should be classified as living?

Viruses are classified as nonliving. While Prokaryotes are living organisms. Viruses cannot perform metabolic activities without a host. Viruses can have either RNA or DNA, prokaryotes only have DNA. viruses are also 50 times smaller.

How does the structure of a virus differ from the structure of Prokaryotes?

This information goes further into explaining why Viruses are not living organisms. This is because they do not make or produce energy.

Viruses do not make their own energy. The depend on the host cell to have the energy to reproduce. after a virus reproduces most of the time they die.

Cells get their energy through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process of creating ATP. After the energy is used it changes to ADP. After the cell makes more energy it makes the ADP back into ATP.

How does a cell get energy compared to a virus?

Viruses Mutate due to the fact that when a virus attaches to the host cell it produces as many copies as fast as it can of itself. Due to this process mistakes are part of the process, these mutations can either make the virus stronger or weaker.

The National Human Genome Research Institute explained how cells can be mutated very well so I will quote them. " A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infections. Germline mutations (that occur in egg and sperm) can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations (that occur in the body cells) are not passed on."

How and why cells and viruses Mutate

The main reason I could find on this subject is due to mutations. Cameron Scott with health news reported on a case study were a gay mans partner had passed away before Aids was scientifically understood. The man himself was not effected by HIV because his white blood cells mutated to where HIV could not attach to the cells

Why are some people resistant/immune to disease and viruses

How does this information provide evidence for or aginst the argument that viruses should be classified as living.

This does not really affect my opinion because this does not really affect the classifications for life.

How do vaccines provide immunity to viruses

In simple terms. the vaccine gives the body a very weak form of the virus. The body can then attack the virus and gain antibodies. Then when your body contracts the full virus your body already has the antibodies to fight it off.

Module 11

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DNA and RNA function within the cell can best be explained in the artical by Technology Networks Genomics Research " Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA and ribonucleic acid RNA are perhaps the most important molecules in cell biology, responsible for the storage and reading in genetic information that underpins all life."

Viruses use their DNA or RNA to invade the host cell and use it to make the cell make copies of the virus.

What is the pourpose of DNA and RNA in a cell

What is the pourpose of DNA and RNA in a virus?

Viruses like many animals go through natural selection. Also due to them multiplying so fast when they sometimes make mistakes while reproducing. Due to these mistakes mutations are made.

This subject relating to viruses makes them seem like they are alive. They reproduce and evolve like other living things. Also when reproducing they have mutations just like animals.

Yes, viruses evolve. There are many cases such as HIV that evolve into Aids. or different strains of the flu every year.

Are viruses subject to evolution? IF so how do viruses evolve?

This makes viruses seem a lot like bacteria. Bacteria is considered living so it makes it seem living as well.

What is the diffrence between bacterial diseases and Viral diseases

A viral infection is caused by a virus and a bacterial infection is caused by bacteria. Bacteria take many shapes but are single-celled organisms. They get into the body and cause an infection but can be treated with medications such as strep throat. Only 1 percent of bacteria can make you sick a lot actually helps your body. While a viral infection can not be treated. Most viruses cause diseases and act like a parasite to live.

The major thing that makes the argument is that it does not make its own energy at all. That is the major category for me that makes it not alive. It does do a lot of things that mimic life such as reproduction and evolution. At the end of the day it does not fit in all catogories.

The controversy should be decided by going down the list of what makes somthing alive. If it fits in all of the sections and meets all of the criteria then it would be considered alive.

Final Page

Kumar,Dhruv. "why Are Viruses considered to Be Non-Living Things?" byjusexamprep_img,http://btjusexamprep.com/why-are-viruses-considered-non-living-iMacdonald, Fiona. "Viruses Are Alive, and They're Older Than Modern Cells." ScienceAlert, 28 Sept. 2015 https://www.sciencealerrt.com/viruses-are-alive-and-they're-older-than-modern-cells-new-study-suggest.

Work Cited

Work Cited

DNA viruses vs RNA viruses: What's the difference? " Differencess. Differencess. (2022, June 7). Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://differencess.com/dna-viruses-vs-rna-viruses-whats-the-difference/#:~:text=Another%20key%20difference%20between%20dna%20viruses%20and%20rna,DNA%20can%20start%20to%20replication%20inside%20the%20cell. DNA vs. RNA – 5 key differences and comparison. Genomics Research from Technology Networks. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/lists/what-are-the-key-differences-between-dna-and-rna-296719#:~:text=Deoxyribonucleic%20acid%20%28DNA%29%20and%20ribonucleic%20acid%20%28RNA%29%20are,are%20some%20key%20differences%20which%20separate%20the%20two1. enotes.com. (n.d.). Science. enotes.com. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-cells-obtain-energy-636308 How is the structure of a virus different from the structure ... - brainly. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://brainly.com/question/4477779 Khan Academy. (n.d.). Evolution of viruses (article). Khan Academy. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from http://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/natural-selection/common-ancestry-and-continuing-evolution/a/evolution-of-viruses Mutation. Genome.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Mutation#:~:text=A%20mutation%20is%20a%20change%20in%20the%20DNA,occur%20in%20body%20cells%29%20are%20not%20passed%20on. Scott, C. (2016, April 22). Resilience project: Why some people are immune to diseases. Healthline. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health-news/why-some-people-dont-get-diseases#Worldwide-Resilience-Search Teresa Maalouf, M. P. H. (2022, May 17). How do viruses mutate and why does it matter? Verywell Health. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-viruses-mutate-5221261 Wei-Haas, M. (2021, May 3). Virus facts and information. Science. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/viruses/ What's the difference between bacteria and viruses? Drugs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/difference-between-bacteria-virus-3503840/#:~:text=Official%20answer%201%20Bacteria%20and%20viruses%20differ%20in,do%20not%20work%20against%20viruses.%20...%20More%20items World Health Organization. (n.d.). How do vaccines work? World Health Organization. Retrieved December 11, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-work