WWI

From July 28, 1914, to November 11, 1918

THE WORLD WAR I

• It was a global war that originated in Europe and would eventually consume many nations throughout the world.
• It was one of the largest wars in history and also one of the deadliest. More than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.
• It led to the fall of four great imperial dynasties
• Its destabilization of European society, laid the groundwork for World War II.

THE WORLD WAR I

PRINCIPAL CaUSES

Political crisis of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

The assassination of Prince Franz Ferdinand

Imperialism

After the assassination of the Archduke, a serious political crisis arose that ended with the declaration of war on Serbia.

On a visit to Sarajevo (Serbia). He was killed by a member of the nationalist group Black Hand.

The eagerness of all these countries to expand and conquer territories of interest

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The Triple Entente – Allied powers

The Triple Alliance - central powers

vs

The assassination of Prince Franz Ferdinand

• Many of the Bosnians wanted to have their own country and not be under the rule of Austria-Hungary.

• Austria-Hungary was allied with Germany.
• Serbia was an ally with Russia.

• Announce his visit to Sarajevo (Bosnia).

• He was killed by a member of the nationalist group Black Hand (Gavrilo Princip).

• When Serbia rejected the demands, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

• At the same time, Russia began to mobilize their army to help protect Serbia.

• They made harsh demands on the Serbians which the Serbians rejected

The chain reaction

• When Serbia rejected the demands, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

The chain reaction

• A few days later...

• Germany declared war on Russia to protect Austria

The chain reaction

• Russia prepared to defend its ally Serbia.

• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

• then..

• This caused France to declare war on Germany to protect its ally Russia

The chain reaction

• through a pre-conflict alliance relationship with Russia, automatically entered the war.

• Germany invaded Belgium to get to France

• AFTER THAt...

• This caused Britain to declare war on Germany

The chain reaction

• the western front (west of Europe: Germany against France and the United Kingdom)

• and the eastern (east of Europe: Germany against Russia and Austria-Hungary against Russia)

• The Western Front would end up being joined by the United States on the side of France and the United Kingdom, after the bombing of German submarines on ships with American crews trying to bring supplies to the United Kingdom.

The offensive, in this way, had two main fronts:

The chain reaction

The END OF WAR

• The fighting ended on November 11, 1918 when a general armistice was agreed to by both sides.

• The war officially ended between Germany and the Allies with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

• This officially ended World War I. The treaty was extremely harsh on Germany. It forced Germany to "accept the responsibility for causing all the loss and damage" of the war.
• Germany was forced to disarm, give up land to France, and to pay reparations of 132 billion Marks (around $442 billion in 2014 money).
• It was signed (June 28th, 1919) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
• The treaty also established the League of Nations.

THE Treaty of Versailles

consequences

• As many as 8.5 million soldiers and some 13 million civilians died during World War I.• Four imperial dynasties collapsed as a result of the war: the Habsburgs of Austria-Hungary, the Hohenzollerns of Germany, the sultanate of the Ottoman Empire, and the Romanovs of Russia. • The mass movement of soldiers and refugees helped spread one of the world’s deadliest influenza pandemics, also called the Spanish flu. • The map of Europe changed forever. • The war led to the October Revolution in Russia. • The United States emerged as a world power. • Chemical weapons, new technologies and developments, such as machine guns, tanks, and aerial combat, were introduced. • Growth of nationalism in central and eastern Europe set the foundation for World War II.