COLD WAR PPT

The cold war era

Student: Ishanya Thakur Class: 12 J Humanities

Term 1 Session 21-22

"The Cold War isn't thawing- it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn't sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting."

Richard M Nixon

Index

1. Cuban Missile Crisis
2. What is Cold War?
3. The Emergence of Two Power Blocs
4. Arenas of Cold War
5. Challenge to Bipolarity
6. New Internatinal Economic Order
7. India & the Cold War

.01

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev orders withdrawal of missiles from Cuba, ending the Cuban Missile Crisis. In 1960, Khrushchev had launched plans to install medium and intermediate range ballistic missiles in Cuba that would put the eastern United States within range of nuclear attack.

October 1962

Soviet provision of ballistic missiles to Cuba led to the most dangerous Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. Over the course of two extremely tense weeks, US President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev negotiated a peaceful outcome to the crisis.

Cuban refugees, armed and trained by the United States, landed in Cuba and attempted to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro.

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.02

What is Cold War?

As World War II was ending, the Cold War began

This was to be a long lasting and continuing confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, lasting from 1945 to 1989. It was called the Cold War because neither the Soviet Union nor the United States officially declared war on each other.

The Cold War was important because it split the world into two rival sides that came into conflict with each other in a number of places around the world. This conflict has left us with, among other things, a huge aresenal of nuclear weapons, particularly in the US and in Russia.

The Emergence of Two Power Blocs

.03

EASTERN & WESTERN ALLIANCE

Cold War gave birth to Eastern Alliance known as Warsaw Pact headed by Soviet Union in 1955 with the principal function to counter NATO's forces. ... Cold War created Western Alliance known as NATO in April 1949 by association of twelve states.

Western Alliance consisted of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and later joined by Greece, Turkey, Germany, Spain, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. And Eastern Aliiance consisted of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania

.04

Arenas of Cold War

Cold War led to arms race- ➢ The two sides understood that war might occur in spite of restraint.

Examples of arenas of cold war- Korean crisis (1950-53), Berlin crisis (1958-62), Congo crisis (early 1960s), Cuban missile crisis (1962), Vietnam and Afghanistan.

Arena means where crisis and cold war occured and threatened to occur between the alliance systems but did nit cross certain limits and there was no nuclear war or hostilities

.05

Challenge of Bipolarity

NOW?

Two Challenges of Bipolarity-

NAM continues to hold relevance to maintain world peace.NIEO FAILED due to lack of commitment and lack of their political will. No structural changes observed in the international economic scenario after five years of adoption of NIEO.

1 CREATION OF NIEO [NEW INTERNATINAL AND ECONOMIC ORDER ] ENSURED THE WORLD VIEW FROM DESTRUCTION TO THE ECONOMIC FRONT AND DEVELOPED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES. 2 CREATION OF NAM [ NON ALIGNED MOVEMENT ] IT SEPERATED THE WORLD UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES FROM THE THE WORLD TWO GREAT SUPERPOWERS AND IT TWO ACTED AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN THE WAR.

.07

New International Economic Order

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) is a set of proposals advocated by developing countries to end economic colonialism and dependency through a new interdependent economy.

However, despite the general recognition of the need for the restructuring of the world economy in view of its continuous deterioration and the aggravation of poverty in the developing countries little progress has been made in the implementation of the proposals of the NIEO. Consequently, the hopes about its role and positive contribution to the world economy are rapidly fading.

.08

India & Cold War

India's Foreign Policy

During the Cold War, India (under Nehru) became an accidental rule shaper for U.N. Peacekeeping.

During the Cold War, India adopted a foreign policy of not aligning itself with any major power bloc. However, India developed close ties with the Soviet Union and received extensive military support from it. The end of the Cold War significantly affected India's foreign policy, as it did for much of the world.

India favoured active intervening in world affairs to soften cold war rivalries. Indian leaders and diplomats played an important role in reducing differences between the two alliances. India communicated and mediated to reduce tensions. India involved other members of NAM in this mission.

CONCLUSION

The largely peaceful collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, the reunification of Germany in 1990, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 traditionally signify the end of the Cold War, which had dominated international relations for more than forty-five years.

As the 1990s began, the Cold War was finally over and the United States was the sole remaining superpower. But hopes for a safer, more peaceful world would be dashed as regional conflicts and global problems challenged the American foreign policy establishment to chart a new course for the United States.

Peace in the Middle East The fourth major consequence of the Cold War's end was the freedom of action that the United States enjoyed in conducting the war against Iraq. The Soviet Union had little real choice but to play the role of a benevolent - even if eventually also of an increasingly frustrated

Thanks for your Attention