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Transcript

cellula vegetale

NUCLEO E' UNA STRUTTURA CHE SI TROVA ALL'INTERNO DELLA CELLULA ED E' SEDE DI IMPORTANTI REAZIONI.

RETICOLO ENDOPLASMATICO HA UN RUOLO FONDALMENTE NELLA BIOSINTESI DELLE PROTEINE DELLA VIA DI SECREZIONE E DEI LIPIDI CHE FORMANO LA MEMBRANA PLASMATICA E LE MEMBRANE DEI VARI ORGANELLI CELLULARI.

I MITOCONDRI SONO DEGLI ORGANELLI CELLULARI, PRINCIPALMENTE DEPURATI ALLA PRODUZIONE DI ENERGIA ATTRAVERSO UNA SERIE DI REAZIONI BIOCHIMICHE CHE PRENDONO IL NOME DI RESPIRAZIONE CELLULARE.

i cloropasti sono gli organuli in qui avviene la fotosintesi, il processo in qui le cellule vegetali utilizzano la luce per produrre zuccheri.

il citoscheletro è un sistema di strutture collocate all'interno della cellula, che nell'insieme ne costituiscono l'impalcatura.

il vacuolo centrale è un sacco pieno di liquido e delimitato da una membrana; la sua funzione è quella di immagazziare acqua e sostanze utili, ma anche sostanze di rifiuto in attesa che siano allontanate della cellula.

l'apparato di golgi costituisce una sorta di stabilimento per la lavorazione finale o lo smistamento dei prodotti provenienti dal reticolo endoplasmatico.

la vescicola di trasporto è deputato al trasporto di grande molecole come proteine o polisaccardi o di grosse particelle come microrganismi o pezzeti di cellule.

Function

  • This is where the genetic information or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is stored, which is responsible for processes like metabolism and growth and development.

nucleus

Composition

  • It is an organelle which is surrounded by a dual structure called the nuclear envelope.

Nucleus: The genetic information contained in each nucleus of each plant cell is the same in all the members of the same species.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Function

  • It is mainly responsible for the production of lipids.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle which is found in context with the nucleus and is formed by membranes which make flattened sacks. In the endoplasmic reticulum, there are two separate parts; the rough part (RER) and the smooth part (SER). The SER doesn't have ribosomes attached to it and its membrane structure is more irregular.

Function

  • It is responsible for maintaining the shape and size of the cell, as well as storing substances.

Vacuole

Composition

  • They are very large vesicles that can occupy 90% of the cell volume, displacing all organelles to the other side of the cell.

Characteristics

  • It is surrounded by a vacuolar membrane.

Vacuole: This organelle is made up of water and sugar among other components which are needed for the plant's defenses.

Chloroplasts

Function

  • They are the organelles responsible for the production of energy in the cell. They produce chlorophyll, which is responsible for absorbing light for photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, are organelles surrounded by a double membrane. The internal membrane has branches that extend toward the interior (lamellae), where they form sacks (thylakoids) which group together to form granas.

golgi apparatus

Function

  • Responsible for the synthesis and secretion of complex polysaccharides and has a very important role in the formation of the cellular wall.

Golgi Apparatus: This consists of sacks and vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, the substances produced in the endoplasmic reticulum are modified and vesicles are generated that will form part of other cellular organelles or be expelled.

Function

  • Responsible for obtaining the energy needed by the cell through cellular respiration.

mitochondria

Composition

  • They are large organelles, wrapped by a double membrane: one inner and one outer. The inner membrane has a folded structure called cristae and the outer membrane is smooth.

Mitochondria: It is in this organelle where breathing occurs and energy is obtained from the metabolism of sugars. It uses oxygen to oxidize the organic matter that reaches it, and energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) are released.

LYSOSOMES

Function

  • They contain digestive enzymes with which they perform cellular digestion.

Lysosomes: They are organelles formed by the Golgi apparatus.

Function

  • A rigid structure which protects the cells and gives them their shape.

cellular wall

Composition

  • It is the rigid outer cover that is mainly made up of cellulose.

Characteristics

  • It is located on the outside of the plasma membrane.

Cellular wall: The cell or plant wall is the structure through which the different cells of plant tissues are connected.