Copy - Weather Unit Part 2 EdTPA

Day 1:

How does the heating and cooling rate of land and water affect the movement of air in Coastal areas?

04:00

Guiding Question:

How does the heating and cooling rate of land and water affect the movement of air in coastal areas?

Materials and instructions

Instructions:

Materials:

• Using the materials on the side tables, design an experiment that answers the guiding question.
• Your experiment must be able to explain how land and water heat and cool differently, and how this may affect the air above them.
• Your experiment must have at least four graphable points.
• Before beginning your experiment, you must clear your procedure with me.

• Hot plates
• Beakers
• Cups of sand
• Cups of water
• Thermometers
• Graduated cylinders
• Safety Goggles

Proposal

Your proposal should be a rough draft of your experimental procedure. It should aim to test a phenomena that answers the guiding question. Some things to consider:

Guiding Question

Data

Claim

Your experiment should prove a claim. Your claim should answer the guiding question.

How does the heating and cooling rate of land and water affect the movement of air in coastal areas?

Your experiment should collect graphable data. You must collect data that can be graphed.

Investigation

Once you have submitted your proposal, carry out your investigation

Once you are finished with your investigation that includes your graph, your group must create a whiteboard presentation to explain your findings to the class using the format shown below:

Presentation of Evidence

• If you have not finished your whiteboard, take five minutes to finish it's final details
• Remember to include your claim, a summary of your evidence that supports your claim, and a justification of evidence, explaining how your evidence proves (or does not prove) your claim using science concepts you have learned.
• Once your whiteboard is complete, your group must choose a presenter to present your group's whiteboard to all the other groups
• Each group will present their whiteboard to the class, explaining your procedures, findings, and justification.

Discussion Lesson 1

Get out your notebooks and pencils!

Based on what you now know about the heating and cooling rates of land and water, differentiate between how land and ocean water are heated by the sun's radiation?

How did your experiment help you explain why it is often milder (less drastic temperature difference) in coastal areas while inland places have more temperature extremes (highs and lows)?

Using the information you learned, predict how this could affect wind direction in coastal areas.

Why Do Temperatures Vary?

Factors:

- land - water - Altitude - Geographic position - Cloud cover - Ocean current

Land and Water Temperatures

Land heats and cools more rapidly than water Water heats up longer and will keep heat longer As air is heated, what happens to density? As air is cooled what happens to density?

How would this affect wind?

Day 2:

ExPLAIN WHY AIR PRESSURE OCCURS AND PREDICT HOW IT AFFECTS WIND PATTERNS AND WEATHER

04:00

Discussion Lesson 2

Get out your notebooks and pencils!

What is Air Pressure?

- Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air above - Air pressure is exerted in all directions - It doesn't just push down on an object, it pushes all around the object

Measuring Air Pressure

• Barometer: device used for measuring air pressure
• Units:
• millibars (mb)
• inches of mercury
• Toricelli: invented the mercury barometer in 1643

How do we get pressure difference on Earth?

The unequal heating of Earth's surface causes pressure differences Solar radiation is the ultimate energy source for wind

Pressure Differences

• Isobars:
• lines on a map that connect places of equal air pressure
• The help map out air masses and make it easier to see pressure differences over an area
• Pressure gradient?

Isobars

• Closely spaced isobars: indicate steep pressure gradient and high winds
• Widely spaced isobars: indicate a weak pressure gradient and light winds

High and Low Pressure Systems

Day 3:

Explain the occurance of jet strems and global wind, applying your knowledge of wind and heat transfer, as well as predict the processes of the water cycle

03:00

Discussion Lesson 3

Get out your notebooks and pencils!

Wind- What causes it?

• Wind is a result of horizontal differences in air pressure
• Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Measuring Wind

• Wind is named by the direction from which they blow
• Example: The Westerlies go west to east; sea breezes blow from the sea

• Tool for direction: Wind Vane
• Tool for speed: Anemometer

Jet Streams

• Jet streams are fast moving rivers or air high in the atmosphere
• They travel west to east and move weather

Global Winds

• The atmosphere balances itself by transferring heat
• Warm air moves to the poles and cool air moves to the equator

Coriolis Effect

• The curving of global winds and ocean currents due to the rotation of the Earth
• Winds in the north go right and winds in the south go left
• are all of these arrows point in the right direction?

Global Winds

• Trade winds: Two belts of winds that blow east to west
• Westerlies: west to east motion of the atmosphere
• Jet stream occurs here
• Polar easterlies: winds that blow east to west

The Water Cycle

• The cycle where water circulates between the Earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land
• Involves all three water phases

Phase Changes of Water

• Water changes from a solid to a liquid through _________________
• It changes from a liquid to a gas through _________________
• It changes from a gas to a liquid through __________________
• And, it changes from a liquid to a solid through _________________

Day 4:

At what temperature does the air have to be lowered to for condensation to form?

04:00

Guiding Question:

At what temperature does the air have to be lowered to for condensation to form?

Materials and instructions

Instructions:

Materials:

• Using the materials on the side tables, design an experiment that answers the guiding question.
• Your experiment must be able to explain how dew is formed and at what point it occurs
• Your experiment must have at least four graphable points.
• Before beginning your experiment, you must clear your procedure with me.

• Hot plates

• Beakers
• Ice
• Cups of water
• Thermometers
• Graduated cylinders
• Scale

Proposal

Your proposal should be a rough draft of your experimental procedure. It should aim to test a phenomena that answers the guiding question. Some things to consider:

Guiding Question

Data

Claim

Your experiment should prove a claim. Your claim should answer the guiding question.

Your experiment should collect graphable data. You must collect data that can be graphed.

What is dew point and how do we determine it?

Investigation

Once you have submitted your proposal, carry out your investigation

Once you are finished with your investigation that includes your graph, your group must create a whiteboard presentation to explain your findings to the class using the format shown below:

Presentation of Evidence

• If you have not finished your whiteboard, take five minutes to finish it's final details
• Remember to include your claim, a summary of your evidence that supports your claim, and a justification of evidence, explaining how your evidence proves (or does not prove) your claim using science concepts you have learned.
• Once your whiteboard is complete, your group must choose a presenter to present your group's whiteboard to all the other groups
• Each group will stay at another group's whiteboard for five minutes before moving left to the next group

Discussion Lesson 4

Get out your notebooks and pencils!

What is water vapor?

• Water vapor is water in the form of gas
• It is the source of all clouds and precipitation
• When it comes to understanding weather, water vapor is the most important gas in the atmosphere

Dew point

Dew point is the temperature to which air needs to be cooled in order to reach saturation When saturated, warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air

Humidity

• Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air
• Saturated air = completely full

Relative Humidity

• Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor compared to what it could hold at that temperature and pressure
• % of how full
• Measured using hygrometers and psychrometers

Exit Ticket

• In your own words, write a definition for dewpoint and relative humidity
• Turn to your partner at your table and compare definitions
• Choose a table representative once you are all finished with your definitions
• Share definitions and we form a class definition
• Individually, write a summary about how relative humidity and dew point are related. Include what happens as you increase and decrease the temperature of the surrounding air and why that occurs

Day 5:

Describe how clouds are formed and recall how they are shaped and types of precipitation

04:00

What do you see?

Discussion Lesson 5

Get out your notebooks and pencils!

Cloud Formation

• Clouds form when air rises and is cooled to its dew point
• Clouds are classified based on their form and height
• There are three types:

Types of Clouds

• Cirrus (curl of hair)- high, white, and thin
• Cumulus (cumulate = a pile)- rounded and fluffy with a flat base. Can weigh up to a million pounds
• Stratus (a layer)- sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky
• Fog- A cloud with its base at or very near the ground

How does precipitation form?

• For precipitation to form, cloud droplets must grow in volume by at roughly one million times

Types of Precipitation

• The type of precipitation that reaches Earth's surface depends on the temperatures in the lower few kilometers of the atmosphere

Types of Precipitation

• Rain: drops of water that fall from a cloud and have a diameter of at least 0.5 mm
• Snow: light, fluffy, six-sided ice crystals
• Sleet: small drops of clear to translucent ice

Types of Precipitation

• Glaze: when raindrops become supercooled as they fall through subfreezing air and turns to ice on impact
• Hail: form of solid precipitation which consists of balls of irregular lumps of ice produced in cumulonimbus clouds

Hexagonal Thinking

Cumulus Stratus Fog Precipitation Rain Snow Sleet Glaze Hail Global Winds Clouds Barometer

Wind Wind Vane Jet streams Coriolis effect Water cycle Melting Evaporation Condensation Saturation Dewpoint Humidity Anemometer

Density Heat transfer Water vapor Pressure Convection Radiation Land breeze Sea breeze Weather Isobars Relative Humidity Psychrometer