Chemical and Physical Properties
Diane Ahmann
Created on March 11, 2024
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Chemical and Physical Properties
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Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical and Physical Properties
Do chemical properties first!
What is a chemical property?
Flammability
Pro tip: Ask yourself...
Reactivity
Chemical Properties
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Others...
Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical and Physical Properties
What is a Physical property?
Pro tip: Ask yourself...
Physical Properties
Viscosity
Hardness and Brittleness
Malleability
Density
Luster
Conductivity
Ductility
Others...
Watch me...
What is density (con't)
Working with Density
DENSITY
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Check for understanding
Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
Chemical and Physical Changes
Do physical changes first!
Physical Changes
Chemical Changes
Chemical and Physical Changes
Click here when you have fully completed both the chemical and physical changes sections!
What is a physical change?
How do you know?
Pro tip!... KNOW THIS!!!
Physical Changes
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What is a chemical change?
Formation of a Precipitate
Change in color*
Chemical Changes
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Change in temperature*
Production of smoke/fire
Production of Gas
A few others...
Chemical and Physical Properties
Click here when you have the code phrase
Chemical and Physical Properties
Click here when you have the code phrase
Chemical and Physical Properties
Good Job! PUt the code Phrase in the google form and complete the form!
- Diamonds scratch/cut glass
- Knifes scratch pots and pans
If one material is harder than another, it will scratch it!
A material's ability to resist being scratched
Hardness:
Brittleness:
The tendency of a material to shatter when hit
Diamonds!
Talc!
The ability to of a material to be pulled into wires
Ductility:
NOT the same as Malleable!
Somethings can be both, but others that are malleable will fall apart if you try to make it into a wire!
- What can I observe with my 5 senses?
- Does it change the original substance?
- Can it be measured without changing the substance
Ask yourself?
Examples:
- Baking soda & vinegar volcano
- Alka Seltzer tablet!
Usually indcates a change in temperature as well.
Bubbles or fizzing:
- Materials with high conductivity (like metals) are called conductors.
- Good conductors of heat are usually also conductors of electricity.
The ability of a material to allow heat to flow
Conductivity:
Heat is energy, energy has many forms!!!
Examples of Chemical changes in color...
- Oxidation: Rusting
- Patina: Copper
- Food Decomposition: An apple browing, etc...
- Leaves changing color... decomposition!
- Dyeing hair: Chemically changing the color of hair
Must be the result of a reaction!
An UNEXPECTED change in color...
Physical changes in color...
- Painting something:
- Disolving something: like kool-aid powder in water
Examples of Chemical changes in temperature...
- Burning: Fire, candle wick, etc...
- Fireworks: Combustion!
- Cooking food
Must be the result of a reaction!
An UNEXPECTED change in temperature...
Physical changes in temperature...
- Boiling, freezing, melting, etc...
- A heater
- Photosynthesis - plants making food!
- Toxicity - if it makes living things sick or is deadly
- Combustion - Spontaneous fire... woot!
- Food cooking, digesting, or decomposing - Can't return it to it's original state! Molecules are forever changed!
A few others...
Luster: Oooo... shiny!
A measure of how shiny or dull a substance is.
- Oxidation: Rusting
- Patina: Statue of liberty, pennies
- Food Decomposition
The ability of a material to chemically react with another.
Reactivity:
Play ME!
- Does it react with something?
- Does it change the original substance?
ASK YOURSELF:
Density problems are solved using the density triangle!
Watch the video if you can't remember how to use the triangle!
DO THESE In your notes!
What is Density?
- Paperclips
- Aluminum foil
- Gold
Think of a mallet! (although you don't need one)
The ability of a material to be bent or shaped
Malleability:
Chemical Changes occur when one substance reacts to another and forms ONE or MORE new substances
What is a chemical Change?
Can't return it to it's original state! Molecules are forever changed!
- Thick liquid = HIGH viscocity, moves SLOW
- Thin liquid = LOW viscocity, moves FAST
- Viscosity increases as temperature decreases...
EX: Think of honey and water. Honey has a higher viscosity. It RESISTS flowing more than water because it is so thick.
Measures a liquids ability to RESIST flowing
Viscosity:
HIGH temp! LOW temp!
Water... thin liquid!
Karo Syrup... thick liquid!
Phase changes are reversible! So...
Key to problems on notes...
Complete this...
Click here when you have the code!
1. If chocolate melts, is it still chocolate? YES (just a bit messy!)... physical! 2. If a pencil is snapped in half, is it still a pencil? YES... physical! 3. If a pencil is burned, is it still a pencil? NO... chemical! 4. If I bake a cake is it still a cake? NO... ALL cooking/baking is chemical!
Is it the same substance? If yes... physical changeIf no... NOT physical change, but chemical!
Ask yourself...
Smoke or Fire:
- Toxicity- the ablity for a substance to be harmful to living things or the environment EX: mercury, lead
- Corrosivity - the ability to make something corode (break down) by coming into contact with it EX: sulfuric acid
- pH - the ability to produce hydronium!
- Neutralization - the ability to counteract an acid or a base
Here are a few more worth noting:
There are a few more chemcial properties
You will NOT be able to come back to this page.
DO NOT click here until you have finished ALL of the other tabs on the PHISICAL PROPERTIES PAGE!
Density
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- Things that are more dense have more mass in the same amount of space/volume
- In liquids, objects with higher density than water (1g/ml) will sink and lower density will float.
- The formula for density is d=m/v Unit is g/(cm^3 ) or g/ml
is the ratio of an object's mass compared to its volume.
Density...
Less dense More denseDonuts Bagels
Real Life Example! Cottage Cheese: Liquid milk is combined with liquid acetic acid forming the solid "curds" in cottage cheese!
A Solid that forms and separates (falls out) from TWO liquids combining during a chemical change.
A precipitate:
It is NOT rain!
Examples:
- Gasoline
- Natural Gas
- Children's clothing*
The ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Flammability
In 1953 a law was passed requiring children's pajamas and mattresses be treated with flame retardant before going to market so they would be less flammable.
- Shape, size, texture, etc...
- State of matter
- Mass, volume, temp, etc...
A Physical Property is any characteristic of material that can be observed or measured WITHOUT changing its composition. They describe the appearance or behavior of a substance
What is a Physical Property?
A Chemical Property is a characteristic of material that has the ability to change the composition of matter. It happens when the original substance is changed into a different substance.
What is a chemical Property?
Formation of a Precipitate
Precipitate: the formation of a solid when two liquids react Formation of a precipitate is an indicator of a chemical change!
A Physical Change results from a change in one or more property, but not a change in substance.
What is a Physical Change?
- Can be a change in size, shape, texture, form, etc...
- Usually, reversible, meaning it can return it to it's original state!
- Examples:
- Painting a fence, cutting hair, sharpening a pencil, etc...
- Solubility - the ablity for a substance to dissolve in another
- Odor, color, texture, shape, temperature
- Melting, boiling points
Here are a few more worth noting:
There are tons of physical properties