Victorian Era Interactive Timeline

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DefiningFeatures

DefiningFeatures

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1840-1870

Gothic Revival

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1840-1870

Gothic Revival

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1840-1885

Italianate

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1840-1885

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Italianate

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1855-1885

French Second Empire

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1855-1885

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French Second Empire

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1860-1880

Stick Style

1860-1880

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Stick Style

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1870-1880

Eastlake Style

1870-1880

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Eastlake Style

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1880-1890

Richardsonian Romanesque

1880-1890

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Richardsonian Romanesque

1870-1900

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Folk Style

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1870-1900

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Folk Style

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1880-1900

Queen Anne

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1880-1900

Queen Anne

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1880-1900

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Shingle Style

1880-1900

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Shingle Style

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Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a highly symmetrical facade, columns, and elaborate cornices and moldings under the eaves.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors to accentuate the decorative details.

1870-1880

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Defining Features

Lacy wooden ornamentation: Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorning the exterior of buildings. Stickwork: Incorporation of geometric patterns and linear elements, often resembling the "stick style" but with more intricate detailing. Textured surfaces: Exterior walls often featured textured surfaces created by decorative wooden shingles or panels. Steeply pitched roofs: Roofs with steep slopes, sometimes featuring cross gables and decorative wooden trim. Polychromatic paint schemes: Buildings were often painted in multiple colors to accentuate the decorative details. Emphasis on craftsmanship: Eastlake Style architecture valued skilled craftsmanship, with an emphasis on intricate detailing and handmade ornamentation. Eclectic influences: Eastlake Style buildings often combined elements from various architectural styles, creating a unique and eclectic appearance. Porches and verandas: Outdoor living spaces were common features, often with decorative wooden railings and balustrades. Use of natural materials: Buildings were typically constructed using natural materials such as wood and stone, enhancing their rustic charm.

Eastlake Style

Some buildings incorporated towers or turrets with conical roofs, adding verticality and visual interest to the design. Exterior walls were often textured or roughened to create a rustic appearance, emphasizing the solidity of the construction.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows,a truly grand, imposing façade, and ornate decorative moldings. This example also features the use of rich stonework.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end.

Buildings were clad in shingles, often covering the entire exterior, creating a seamless and textured appearance. Structures typically had irregular and asymmetrical floor plans, with varied rooflines and massing.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, columns, and elaborate cornices under overhanging eaves.

Shingle Style architecture favored simplicity and restraint in ornamentation, with an emphasis on the natural beauty of materials and craftsmanship. Structures typically had irregular and asymmetrical floor plans, with varied rooflines and massing.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows,a truly grand, imposing façade, and ornate decorative moldings. This example also features the use of rich stonework.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves. This home also features decorative spires, and an ecclesiastical influence promominant in the center second floor window.

Windows were often deeply recessed within thick walls, creating shadow and depth in the facade. Exterior walls were often textured or roughened to create a rustic appearance, emphasizing the solidity of the construction.

Shingle Style architecture favored simplicity and restraint in ornamentation, with an emphasis on the natural beauty of materials and craftsmanship. Structures typically had irregular and asymmetrical floor plans, with varied rooflines and massing.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves.

Many Folk Victorian houses had front or wrap-around porches, often with simple wooden railings and columns. Folk Victorian architecture incorporated elements of local building traditions and materials, reflecting regional variations.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

Roofs typically featured multiple gables, often with dormers, and were sometimes topped with decorative finials or spires. Queen Anne houses were often designed with a high degree of individuality, with architects and builders freely.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows, ironwork, and grand imposing facades. This example also feeatures a central entrance, and classical elements such as the columns.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Eastlake Style architecture valued skilled craftsmanship, with an emphasis on intricate detailing and handmade ornamentation.

Buildings often had complex and varied floor plans, with towers, bays, and turrets creating a picturesque appearance. Elaborate trim, often in the form of carved woodwork or decorative shingles, adorned the exterior of buildings.

Tall, narrow forms such as towers, turrets, and chimneys contributed to the verticality and visual drama of Queen Anne architecture. Many Queen Anne houses featured expansive porches, often wrapping around multiple sides of the building and adorned with decorative spindle work or turned posts.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

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1840-1870

Defining Features

Steeply pitched roofs: Roofs with steep slopes, often covered in slate or other durable materials Decorative tracery: Elaborate stone or woodwork patterns in windows and other architectural elements. Polychrome decoration: Use of multiple colors in decoration, often seen in alternating bands of brick or stone. Oriel Windows: A form of bay window in an upper story, supported from below by projecting corbels, or brackets of stone or wood, characterized by circular niches and ornate, stone exterior designs. Castellated motifs: Incorporation of elements resembling medieval castles, such as battlements and towers. Ornate carvings: Intricate detailing in stone or wood, often depicting floral motifs, gargoyles, or religious symbols. Turrets and spires: Tower-like structures, sometimes topped with pointed roofs or spires, adding verticality to the buildings. Pointed Arches: Arches with pointed, rather than rounded, tops, reminiscent of medieval Gothic architecture. Ecclesiastical influence: Many Victorian Gothic Revival buildings were churches or inspired by religious architecture, with grand, soaring interiors. Buttresses: External supports built against walls to counteract lateral forces and provide structural stability.

Gothic Revival

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1880-1890

Defining Features

Massive stone construction: Buildings were typically constructed with heavy stone blocks or bricks, giving them a solid and substantial appearance. Rounded arches: Arches, both large and small, were a prominent feature, often used for doorways, windows, and arcades. Rusticated stone: Exterior walls were often textured or roughened to create a rustic appearance, emphasizing the solidity of the construction. Towering facades: Many Richardsonian Romanesque buildings featured tall, imposing facades with multiple levels and projecting elements. Romanesque Revival influences: Inspired by medieval European Romanesque architecture, Richardsonian Romanesque buildings often featured rounded arches, thick walls, and fortress-like qualities. Turrets and towers: Some buildings incorporated towers or turrets with conical roofs, adding verticality and visual interest to the design. Polychromatic masonry: Buildings were often constructed with a combination of different colored stones or bricks, creating intricate patterns and designs. Decorative carvings: Intricate stone carvings, including motifs such as foliage, animals, and geometric patterns, adorned building exteriors. Deep-set windows: Windows were often deeply recessed within thick walls, creating shadow and depth in the facade. Romanesque detailing: Decorative elements such as colonettes, corbels, and intricate capitals, adding richness to the design.

Richardsonian Romanesque

Many Queen Anne houses featured expansive porches, often wrapping around multiple sides of the building and adorned with decorative spindle work or turned posts. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors, with contrasting trim highlighting architectural details.

Richardsonian Romanesque buildings were typically constructed with heavy stone blocks or bricks, giving them a solid and substantial appearance. Arches, both large and small, were a prominent feature, often used for doorways, windows, and arcades.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a cupola, a highly symmetrical facade, and bracketed bay window.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a highly symmetrical facade, columns, and elaborate cornices and moldings under the eaves.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows, ironwork, and grand imposing facades.

Some buildings incorporated towers or turrets with conical roofs, adding verticality and visual interest to the design. Exterior walls were often textured or roughened to create a rustic appearance, emphasizing the solidity of the construction.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a highly symmetrical facade, columns, and elaborate cornices and moldings under the eaves.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

Arches, both large and small, were a prominent feature, often used for doorways, windows, and arcades. Some buildings incorporated towers or turrets with conical roofs, adding verticality and visual interest to the design.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end.

Buildings often featured decorative elements but on a smaller scale and with less intricacy compared to other Victorian styles. Clapboard, shingles, or board-and-batten siding were common choices for exterior walls, often painted in light, cheerful colors.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a cupola, a highly symmetrical facade, and bracketed bay window.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Eastlake Style architecture valued skilled craftsmanship, with an emphasis on intricate detailing and handmade ornamentation.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, overhanging eaves, and bracketed bay window.

1870-1900

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Defining Features

Simplified ornamentation: Buildings often featured decorative elements but on a smaller scale and with less intricacy compared to other Victorian styles. Vernacular influences: Folk Victorian architecture incorporated elements of local building traditions and materials, reflecting regional variations. Gabled roofs: Roofs typically had gables at the front and sometimes at the sides, often with decorative trim along the eaves. Porches: Many Folk Victorian houses had front or wrap-around porches, often with simple wooden railings and columns. Lattice work: Porch railings or decorative panels sometimes featured lattice work, adding a touch of charm to the exterior. Brackets: Wooden brackets were occasionally used to support overhanging eaves or decorate porch columns. Bay windows: Some Folk Victorian houses featured bay windows, providing additional interior space and architectural interest. Siding: Clapboard, shingles, or board-and-batten siding were common choices for exterior walls, often painted in light, cheerful colors. Eclectic details: While simpler in ornamentation compared to other Victorian styles, Folk Victorian houses might still incorporate eclectic elements such as Gothic Revival-inspired trim or Italianate brackets. Asymmetry: Although generally more modest in scale, Folk Victorian houses often exhibited asymmetrical façades, adding visual interest and a sense of individuality.

Folk Style

Roofs typically featured multiple gables, often with dormers, and were sometimes topped with decorative finials or spires. Queen Anne houses were often designed with a high degree of individuality, with architects and builders freely.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, a highly symmetrical facade, columns, and elaborate cornices and moldings under the eaves.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows, ironwork, and grand imposing facades.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors to accentuate the decorative details.

Windows were often grouped together in irregular arrangements, with varying sizes and shapes, allowing ample natural light into the interior spaces. Buildings were constructed using natural materials such as wood, stone, and glass, emphasizing a connection to the surrounding landscape.

Buildings were clad in shingles, often covering the entire exterior, creating a seamless and textured appearance. Despite the irregularity of the overall form, Shingle Style buildings often emphasized horizontal lines, with long, sweeping rooflines and continuous bands of shingles.

Tall, narrow forms such as towers, turrets, and chimneys contributed to the verticality and visual drama of Queen Anne architecture. Many Queen Anne houses featured expansive porches, often wrapping around multiple sides of the building and adorned with decorative spindle work or turned posts.

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1855-1885

Defining Features

Mansard roofs: Steeply sloped roofs with dormer windows, providing additional living space within the attic. Classical elements: Incorporation of classical architectural details such as columns, pilasters, and pediments. Ornate decoration: Elaborate stonework, carvings, and moldings adorned building exteriors and interiors. Tall windows: Often with elaborate surrounds and sometimes extending from floor to ceiling, allowing ample natural light. Ironwork: Decorative iron balconies, railings, and cresting were commonly used to embellish facades. Pavilions and projections: Some buildings featured projecting bays or pavilions, adding visual interest and depth to the façade. Monumental scale: Many Second Empire buildings were grand and imposing, reflecting the wealth and power of the era. Rich materials: Buildings were constructed using high-quality materials such as stone, brick, and marble, adding to their luxurious appearance.

French Second Empire

Buildings were clad in shingles, often covering the entire exterior, creating a seamless and textured appearance. Structures typically had irregular and asymmetrical floor plans, with varied rooflines and massing.

Arches, both large and small, were a prominent feature, often used for doorways, windows, and arcades. Some buildings incorporated towers or turrets with conical roofs, adding verticality and visual interest to the design.

Buildings often featured decorative elements but on a smaller scale and with less intricacy compared to other Victorian styles. Clapboard, shingles, or board-and-batten siding were common choices for exterior walls, often painted in light, cheerful colors.

Porch railings or decorative panels sometimes featured lattice work, adding a touch of charm to the exterior. Although generally more modest in scale, Folk Victorian houses often exhibited asymmetrical façades, adding visual interest and a sense of individuality.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves.

Porch railings or decorative panels sometimes featured lattice work, adding a touch of charm to the exterior. Although generally more modest in scale, Folk Victorian houses often exhibited asymmetrical façades, adding visual interest and a sense of individuality.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, overhanging eaves, and bracketed bay window.

Although generally more modest in scale, Folk Victorian houses often exhibited asymmetrical façades, adding visual interest and a sense of individuality. Additionally, buildings often features simplified ornamentation with far less intricacy compared to other Victorian styles.

French Second Empire featured distinct mansard roofs with dormer windows, ironwork, and grand imposing facades. This example also feeatures a central entrance, and classical elements such as the columns.

The most distinct features of this stick style home include the highly visible "sticks" or decorative trusses visible on the exterior of the building. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

Many Folk Victorian houses had front or wrap-around porches, often with simple wooden railings and columns. Folk Victorian architecture incorporated elements of local building traditions and materials, reflecting regional variations.

Eastlake Style architecture valued skilled craftsmanship, with an emphasis on intricate detailing and handmade ornamentation. Outdoor living spaces were common features, often with decorative wooden railings and balustrades.

1880-1900

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Defining Features

Irregular, asymmetrical shapes: Buildings often had complex and varied floor plans, with towers, bays, and turrets creating a picturesque appearance. Steeply pitched roofs: Roofs typically featured multiple gables, often with dormers, and were sometimes topped with decorative finials or spires. Textured surfaces: Exterior walls were commonly clad in a variety of materials, including brick, stone, shingles, and decorative woodwork, creating a richly textured façade. Ornate decoration: Elaborate trim, often in the form of carved woodwork or decorative shingles, adorned the exterior of buildings. Tall, narrow windows: Windows were typically grouped in pairs or threes and often featured decorative surrounds, stained glass, or leaded glass panels. Wrap-around porches: Many Queen Anne houses featured expansive porches, often wrapping around multiple sides of the building and adorned with decorative spindle work or turned posts. Eclectic detailing: Queen Anne architecture incorporated elements from various historical styles, including Gothic, Tudor, and Renaissance Revival, resulting in a mix of architectural motifs. Colorful paint schemes: Buildings were often painted in multiple colors, with contrasting trim highlighting architectural details. Strong vertical emphasis: Tall, narrow forms such as towers, turrets, and chimneys contributed to the verticality and visual drama of Queen Anne architecture. Individual expression: Queen Anne houses were often designed with a high degree of individuality, with architects and builders freely

Queen Anne

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves.

Windows were often deeply recessed within thick walls, creating shadow and depth in the facade. Exterior walls were often textured or roughened to create a rustic appearance, emphasizing the solidity of the construction.

Eastlake Style architecture valued skilled craftsmanship, with an emphasis on intricate detailing and handmade ornamentation. Outdoor living spaces were common features, often with decorative wooden railings and balustrades.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors to accentuate the decorative details.

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1860-1880

Defining Features

Exposed structural elements: Vertical, horizontal, or diagonal wooden "sticks" or decorative trusses visible on the exterior of the building. Steeply pitched roofs: Roofs often featured cross gables, with steep slopes and decorative wooden trim. Decorative trusses: Cross-bracing or decorative wooden elements used to embellish gables, eaves, and porches. Porches and verandas: Often with intricate wooden detailing and decorative balustrades, providing outdoor living spaces. Asymmetrical facades: Buildings frequently featured irregular shapes and varied rooflines, creating visual interest. Clapboard siding: Exterior walls were typically clad in horizontal wooden siding, sometimes with decorative patterns or contrasting colors. Triangular or polygonal bay windows: Protruding window bays with multiple sides, often featuring decorative wooden trim. Tall, narrow windows: Windows were often arranged in vertical bands and sometimes featured decorative surrounds or muntins. Rustic influences: Stick Style architecture often incorporated elements reminiscent of rural or vernacular construction techniques, such as exposed wooden beams and unfinished wood surfaces

Stick Style

Many Queen Anne houses featured expansive porches, often wrapping around multiple sides of the building and adorned with decorative spindle work or turned posts. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors, with contrasting trim highlighting architectural details.

Elaborate fretwork, spindle work, and decorative carvings adorn the exterior of Eastlake buildings. Buildings were often painted in multiple colors to accentuate the decorative details.

Windows were often grouped together in irregular arrangements, with varying sizes and shapes, allowing ample natural light into the interior spaces. Buildings were constructed using natural materials such as wood, stone, and glass, emphasizing a connection to the surrounding landscape.

Although generally more modest in scale, Folk Victorian houses often exhibited asymmetrical façades, adding visual interest and a sense of individuality. Additionally, buildings often features simplified ornamentation with far less intricacy compared to other Victorian styles.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves. This home also features decorative spires, and an ecclesiastical influence promominant in the center second floor window.

Richardsonian Romanesque buildings were typically constructed with heavy stone blocks or bricks, giving them a solid and substantial appearance. Arches, both large and small, were a prominent feature, often used for doorways, windows, and arcades.

1840-1885

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Defining Features

Overhanging eaves: Roofs with wide overhangs supported by decorative brackets or corbels. Tall, narrow windows: Often with arched tops and sometimes grouped together in pairs or threes. Elaborate cornices: Ornate moldings or decorative elements along the roofline or at the top of walls. Balconies and verandas: Often with wrought iron railings, providing outdoor spaces for residents. Square towers or cupolas: Adding vertical emphasis to the design and providing architectural interest. Stucco or masonry exteriors: Often finished in warm earth tones, giving buildings a rustic Mediterranean appearance. Classical details: Some Victorian Italianate buildings incorporated classical elements such as columns, pilasters, or pediments. Symmetrical facades: Many Victorian Italianate structures featured balanced, symmetrical designs. Bracketed bay windows: Protruding window bays supported by decorative brackets, adding visual interest to the facade. Villa-like appearance: Inspired by the architecture of rural Italian villas, Victorian Italianate buildings often had a picturesque, romantic quality.

Italianate

The most distinct features of this stick style home include the highly visible "sticks" or decorative trusses visible on the exterior of the building. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

1880-1900

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Defining Features

Extensive use of wooden shingles: Buildings were clad in shingles, often covering the entire exterior, creating a seamless and textured appearance. Asymmetrical shapes: Structures typically had irregular and asymmetrical floor plans, with varied rooflines and massing. Wide porches: Many Shingle Style houses featured large, expansive porches, often extending along multiple sides of the building and supported by massive wooden columns. Fluid transitions between indoor and outdoor spaces: Porches and verandas were seamlessly integrated into the design, blurring the distinction between interior and exterior living areas. Large, picturesque windows: Windows were often grouped together in irregular arrangements, with varying sizes and shapes, allowing ample natural light into the interior spaces. Minimal ornamentation: Shingle Style architecture favored simplicity and restraint in ornamentation, with an emphasis on the natural beauty of materials and craftsmanship. Natural materials: Buildings were constructed using natural materials such as wood, stone, and glass, emphasizing a connection to the surrounding landscape. Horizontal lines: Despite the irregularity of the overall form, Shingle Style buildings often emphasized horizontal lines, with long, sweeping rooflines and continuous bands of shingles.

Shingle Style

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves.

Italianate details include tall, narrow windows, columns, and elaborate cornices under overhanging eaves.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves. This home also features some castellated motifs; elements resembling medieval castles.

Buildings were clad in shingles, often covering the entire exterior, creating a seamless and textured appearance. Despite the irregularity of the overall form, Shingle Style buildings often emphasized horizontal lines, with long, sweeping rooflines and continuous bands of shingles.

Note the classic Gothic Revival features of pointed arches, steeply pitched roofs, and ornate trim around the eaves. This home also features some castellated motifs; elements resembling medieval castles.

The most distinct features of stick style include the clapboard siding and decorative trusses embellishing the gabel end. These tall windows and protruding bay windows are also common stick style features.

Buildings often had complex and varied floor plans, with towers, bays, and turrets creating a picturesque appearance. Elaborate trim, often in the form of carved woodwork or decorative shingles, adorned the exterior of buildings.