Plant Processes

The life cycle of a flowering plant

How do plants make their own food?

How do plants take in water nutrients?

What is gas exchange in plants?

How do angiosperms reproduce?

Can plants reproduce without seeds?

Plant Processes

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The life cycle of a flowering plant

Seed dispersal: Plants make seeds that can grow into new plants. Seeds can be transported by wind, water, animals, humans or bursting.

Germination: When there is enough water in the ground, the seed germinates. A small root begins to grow downward and a shoot prows upward. When the shoot reaches the surface, the plant is called a sprout.

Growth: The sprout uses water and nutrients from the soil. It also needs sunlight and air to grow and change into an adult plant.

Flowering: the adult plant is able to produce flowers.

Pollination: Flowers attract insects such as bees and butterflies, or other small animals. These animals pick up the pollen and carry it from one flower to another.

Fruit with seeds: After flowers are pollinated, they turn into fruit with seeds inside. The fruit protects the seeds. After it ripens, the seeds can start the life cycle all over again.

How do plants make their own food?

How do plants take in water nutrients?

Ferns, angyosperms and gymnosperms are vascular plants: they have tubes called vessels to transport water and nutrients around the plant.

What is gas exchange in plants?

Plants exchange gases through two different proccesses: Photosynthesis and Respiration.This gas exchange happens through tiny openings in the leaves called stomata

How do angiosperms reproduce?

Angiosperm flowers contain female and male reproductive organs which allow for sexual reproduction:

• The female reproductive organs produce ovules
• The male reproductive organs produce pollen

Anther

Filament

Sepal

Ovary and Ovules

Style

Stigma

How do angiosperms reproduce?

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Pollinitation

The pollen travels from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same or a different flower

Fertilisation

A pollen grain reaches an ovule in the ovary and fertilisation occurs. The ovary develops into a fruit.

Dispersion

Seeds are dispersed by animals, wind or water.When the seeds reach the ground, they germinate.

Can plants reproduce without seeds?

Some plants reproduce using parts of themselves. They create a new plant from these parts. This is called asexual reproduction.

• Stolons are specialised stems that grow horizontally above the ground.
• Rhizomes are specialised that grow horizontally underground.
• Bulbs are underground stems with leaves that store food. Roots grow from the bottom of the bulb
• Tubers are underground stems that develop from small buds or "eyes"