IMMIGRATION POLICIES

UNITED STATES HISTORY

1920s

history

INMIGRATION POLICIES

Pablo García Romay

The Chinese Exclusion Act

Info

1882

PROMULGATED IN

Enacted in 1882, it was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States.

STOP!

chinese

NO CHINESE INMIGRATION!

It prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers, making them the only nationality to be excluded.

IMPACT

LIMITED OPORTUNITIES

Impact: This act severely limited opportunities for Chinese immigrants and perpetuated xenophobia and discrimination against them.

The Gentleman's Agreement

1907

+ Info

• A 1907 agreement between the United States and Japan, where Japan agreed to limit emigration to the U.S. in exchange for the repeal of discriminatory laws against Japanese immigrants.
• It unofficially restricted Japanese immigration by denying passports to laborers.
• Impact: While it avoided legislative action, it still perpetuated discriminatory practices and tensions between the two countries.

gentleman's

Immigration Act of 1924

Info

Johnson-Reed Act

STABLISHED...

Also known as the Johnson-Reed Act, it established quotas that restricted immigration from certain countries.

CAUSE

immigration

FAVORED IMMIGRATION

It heavily favored immigration from Northern and Western European countries while severely limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, as well as Asia.

IMPACT

REDUCE...

Impact: This act significantly reduced the number of immigrants entering the U.S. and reinforced racial hierarchies.

Info

comparing

EUROPEAN

ASIAN

IMMIGRANTS

IMMIGRANTS

European immigrants in the East faced discrimination but generally had more opportunities for assimilation and upward mobility.

Asian immigrants in the West faced outright exclusion and hostility, with limited legal protections and opportunities.

conclusion

FINAL CONCLUSION

THE IMMIGRATION POLICIES...

• The immigration policies of the 1920s reflected and perpetuated xenophobia, racism, and discriminatory attitudes prevalent in American society.
• They had lasting impacts on immigrant communities, shaping their experiences and opportunities for generations to come.

SOURCES

Immigration act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed act). (2018, mayo 4). Immigration History; The University of Texas at Austin Department of History. https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1924-immigration-act-johnson-reed-act/ (S/f). Smithsonianmag.com. Recuperado el 11 de febrero de 2024, de https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/1924-law-sla Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). (2021, septiembre 8). National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act Wu, Y. (2023). Chinese Exclusion Act. En Encyclopedia Britannica. Schaeffer, J. (2009). Gentlemen’s Agreement. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76576-1_23 Hayes, A. (2004, agosto 2). Gentlemen’s agreement: History and examples, limitations. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gentlemansagreement.asp

sources

PABLO GARCÍA ROMAY

THANK

the end

YOU FOR WATCH

Wolf, S. (2021, julio 16). Chinese exclusion act. Freedom Socialist Party. https://socialism.com/fs-article/chinese-exclusion-act-racism-and-resistance/

Robinson, J. (2018, mayo 25). The Chinese exclusion act - A special presentation of AMERICAN EXPERIENCE. KPBS. https://www.kpbs.org/news/arts-culture/2018/05/25/chinese-exclusion-act-special-presentation-america

Wikipedia contributors. (s/f). Ley de Exclusión China. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ley_de_Exclusi%C3%B3n_China&oldid=154713252 Wu, Y. (2023). Chinese Exclusion Act. En Encyclopedia Britannica.

My opinion

About the Chinese Exclusion Act

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a blatant example of institutionalized racism that not only restricted immigration but also reinforced negative stereotypes and attitudes towards Chinese immigrants. It hindered their ability to contribute to American society and perpetuated their marginalization.

My opinion

About the Gentleman's Agreement

The Gentleman's Agreement, while ostensibly diplomatic, was essentially a means to limit Japanese immigration without overtly acknowledging discrimination. It may have avoided legislative backlash, but it still resulted in the exclusion and marginalization of Japanese immigrants.

(S/f). Reddit.com. Recuperado el 11 de febrero de 2024, de https://www.reddit.com/r/PropagandaPosters/comments/i4uh6g/united_states_antiimmigration_poster_after_the/?rdt=52973 Mosley, M. (2019, diciembre 9). History Repeats Itself: The 1924 Immigration Act & Trump’s failed Immigration act. Mistakes Were Made; MARLON MOSLEY.

Literature, & Resistance. (2019, mayo 5). The Immigration Act of 1924. Medium. https://medium.com/@ellesmythy/the-immigration-act-of-1924-cd5e0cc08976

My opinion

About the Inmigration Act of 1924

The Immigration Act of 1924 further entrenched discriminatory practices by favoring certain ethnicities over others. It not only restricted immigration but also perpetuated the belief in racial superiority, exacerbating inequalities and hindering the cultural diversity of the nation.

Kanopy - stream classic cinema, indie film and top documentaries. (s/f). Kanopy.com. Recuperado el 11 de febrero de 2024, de https://www.kanopy.com/en/product/new-immigrants-new-america

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Asian Immigrants

In contrast, Asian immigrants in the West faced outright exclusion and hostility. The Chinese Exclusion Act, for example, not only barred Chinese laborers from entering the country but also fueled anti-Chinese sentiment, leading to violence and discrimination against those already residing in the U.S. The experiences of Japanese immigrants were similarly fraught, with the Gentlemen's Agreement effectively restricting their immigration opportunities and perpetuating stereotypes of the "Yellow Peril". Moreover, Asian immigrants encountered legal, social, and economic barriers that hindered their ability to assimilate and succeed in American society.

More...

European Immigrants

European immigrants in the East faced discrimination, often based on ethnicity, religion, or social class. However, many European immigrants had the advantage of sharing a similar cultural and linguistic background with the dominant Anglo-American population, which facilitated their assimilation into American society. Additionally, opportunities for economic advancement were more readily available to European immigrants, especially those from Northern and Western Europe, who were often favored by immigration policies and had access to jobs in industries like manufacturing and agriculture.

My opinion

Comparing both

While both groups faced challenges in their efforts to integrate into American society, the experiences of Asian immigrants were characterized by explicit legal barriers and deep-rooted racism, making their assimilation and acceptance far more arduous than their European counterparts. This disparity underscores the systemic racism embedded in immigration policies and highlights the need for equitable and inclusive approaches to immigration reform.

My opinion

It's crucial...

To recognize and learn from these historical injustices to ensure that immigration policies moving forward are equitable and inclusive, respecting the dignity and rights of all individuals regardless of their nationality or ethnicity.