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Approaches to Psychology

Ranjana Ram

Created on February 5, 2024

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Focus

Things To Know

Sociocultural Approach

Things To Know

Focus

Things To Know

Focus

Things To Know

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Things To Know

Focus

Things To Know

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Things To Know

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Cognitive Approach

Psychodynamic Approach

Evolutionary Approach

Biological Approach

Humanistic Approach

Behavioral Approach

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Approaches to Psychology

Things To Know

Brain: CerebrumSchizophrenia: Excess of Dopamine = Changed BehaviorTreatment Options:

  • Medications (ADHD Pills, Adderall, etc.)
  • Hormones (Serotonin, Dopamine, etc.)

Behavioral Approach Focus

Focus: Actions vs. Mental Process

  • It is believed that sometimes, people will perform actions without being aware of them.
  • Father of Behaviorism: B.F. Skinner
Treatment Method: Operant Conditioning

Things To Know

Evolutionary Psychologists Belief:

  • All Human Behaviors = Human Survival and Reproduction
  • People "Strive to Survive" and will emit certain behaviors to do so

Operant Conditioning Chamber/ Skinner Box: Trained rats and other animals to complete a voluntary task; if the task was successful, then the animals were rewarded

Law of Effect: Responses that produce a satisfying effect will likely be repeated

John Watson’s Little Albert Experiment: Scared of a white rat that he was very fond of by pairing the rat with a loud noise.

Things To Know

Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning: Without the food even being present, the dogs would salivate if they heard the bell.

Sociocultural Focus

Focus: Impact of people's culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on the individuals they become.

  • Lev Vygotsky
Treatment Options: Cross-Cultural Exposure

Humanistic Approach Focus

Focus: Best Version of Yourself

  • Carl Rogers
    • One of the Founders
  • Abraham Maslow
    • Hierarchy of Needs
Treatment Options: Self-Actualization

Things To Know

Carl Rogers:

  • Believed that environments may not always be ideal and can prevent one from reaching their full potential
Abraham Maslow:
  • Stage 1: Physiological Needs
  • Stage 2: Security
  • Stage 3: Love & Belonging
  • Stage 4: Esteem
  • Stage 5: Self Actualization
  • Stage 6 (in some cases): Self Transcendence

Things To Know

Freud Psychoanalysis

  • Free Association - “Talking Cure”
  • Dream Analysis
    • Manifest Content
    • Latent Content

Things To Know

Jean Piaget Cognitive Development:

  • Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage (birth - 2 yrs)
    • Infants understand the world through movement and sensation
    • Object Permanence
  • Stage 2: Pre-Operational (2-7 Years Old)
    • Uses words and pictures to represent ideas
    • Egocentrism
  • Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage (7 - 11 years old)
    • Logical thinking starts
    • Parental Manipulation
  • Stage 4: Formal Operation Stage (12 - 18 years old)
    • Logical thinking expands
    • Problem-solving skills develop

The Approaches to Psychology were created in order to treat patients with mental disabilities in relation to their behavior. Psychologists came up with 7 Approaches:

  • Behavioral
  • Cognitive
  • Humanistic
  • Sociocultural
  • Biological
  • Evolutionary
  • Psychodynamic
Through this lecture, we will dive deep into these different approaches.

Approaches To Psychology

Biological Approach Focus

Focus: Behavior = Genetics, Nervous System, Brain, etc.Treatment Options:

  • Maintaining Homeostasis
  • Psychopharmacology

Evolutionary Focus

Focus: Charles Darwin's Evolutionary Theory; Survival of the Fittest

  • Survival attracts certain behaviors

Psychodynamic Focus

Focus: Unconscious thoughts, past actions, and memories affect our behaviorPsychoanalysis

  • Free Association
  • Dream Analysis

Cognitive Approach Focus

Focus: Think + Perception = Behavior

  • Memory, Problem-Solving, Decision-Making, and Perception
  • Jean Piaget Cognitive Development
Treatment Options: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Things to Know

Think?

  • What Social Groups Are You A Part Of?
Cross-Cultural Exposure: Exposing people to other cultures and people.Lev Vygotsky: Russian psychologist
  • He felt that children were born with different beliefs and mindsets.