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BIOLOGY VIBRANT HORIZONTAL

Sofia Martin's

Created on February 4, 2024

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iNdice

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Descrição do processo biotecnológico

Potencialidade e Limitação

Questões Bioéticas

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Questionário

Aplicação no dia a dia

O que é o DNA?

DNA , substância química orgânica de estrutura molecular complexa encontrada em todas as células procarióticas e eucarióticas e em muitos vírus . Cada fita de uma molécula de DNA é composta por uma longa cadeia de nucleotídeos. Os nucleotídeos do DNA consistem numa molécula de açúcar desoxirribose à qual está ligado um grupo fosfato e um dos quatro grupos nitrogenados:

adenina e timina
citosina e guanina.

Uma fita é ligada a outra por ligações de hidrogênio entre as bases; a sequência dessa ligação é específica – ou seja, a adenina liga-se apenas à timina e a citosina apenas à guanina.

O que é a CRIsPR-CAS9?

Um dos avanços mais recentes na área da biotecnologia foi o desenvolvimento do sistema CRISPR-Cas9.

É constituído por:

ma enzima (endonuclease Cas9) que corta a dupla cadia de DNA num local específico
RNA guia (CRISPR) complementar da sequência de DNA que se pretende cortar

Este sistema foi descoberto em bactérias que usam o sistema CRISPR-cCas9 para se protegerem de virus, quebrando o DNA viral e inativando-o. E permite a edição de DNA, em particular de sequências génicas, de forma a silenciar a expressão ou alterar a proteína codificada pelo gene específico. Para tal, os cientistas produzem uma molécula de RNA guia, que se liga á Cas9 e que procura no genoma a sequência que lhe é complementar e que se pretende alterar

Aplicações no dia a dia

Como funciona?

Imaginem que se quer mudar uma secção de um DNA porque ele apresenta uma mutação que causa uma doença. Os cientista vão criar uma cópia desta secção( RNA mensageiro guia ) e vão liga-la à proteína Cas9. A Cas9 junto com com a secção de RNA guia, é inserida na célula e vai à procura do “match” no DNA (a secção que é igual), quando ela encontra faz o papel de uma tesoura e corta essa secção. Depois disso vai ser possível inserir uma nova sequência no lugar, ou até mesmo deixar a própria célula arranjar aquela secção de DNA sozinha.

Sistema CRISP-CAS 9 + dna COMPLEMENTAR

Sofia e Rodrigo Reis nº2 e nº 12.ºA

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