Prophet Muhammad (6)
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Created on November 18, 2023
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Transcript
Prophet Muhammad (6)
Although the five daily prayers were prescribed in Makkah, they were only fully implemented in their congregational form after the Hijrah. The command to perform these five daily prayers was received by the Prophet during the Miraaj. Now that Muslims were safe and secure in Madeenah, all the congregational prayers began to be offered as commanded by Allah. To perform this duty was at once the main concern as well as the greatest pleasure of the Prophet and the believers. The Prophet's Mosque was built for this reason.
Some Major Developments in Madeenah
The Prophet disliked the way the Jews and the Christians used horns and bells to announce their calls to prayer. Then Allah honoured the Muslims with the adhaan. Until then, the Prophet continued for sometime, the practice of calling Muslims by sending someone into the streets of Madeenah, calling at the top of his voice "as-salaatu jaamiah" to prompt people to come to the mosque and perform the obligatory prayers in congregation.
The Adhaan
Since the times of prayers in the early days of Islam in Madeenah were not announced, Muslims would come to the mosque and wait for the prayers so as not to miss them. The Prophet wondered how to tell the people that it was time for the prayers. He discussed this with his companions. At first two ideas were put forward: that of blowing a horn as the Jews did, and that of using a bell as was the practice of the Christians.
He chose Bilaal in Rabaah to call the adhaan. He was the mu'adh-dhin of the Prophet and the Prophet chose him because of the suitable qualities of his voice.
Then, one day, a companion by the name of "Abdullaah ibn Zayd came and told the Prophet of a dream he had the night before. He had seen the method of adhaan in his dream. The Prophet confirmed it, accepted his dream as authentic and prescribed it for the Muslims .
Islam spread throughout Madeenah and some of the rabbis and Jewish scholars also embraced Islam. These included a learned rabbi called "Abdullah ibn Salaam. His acceptance of Islam annoyed other Jews. The Jews envied Islam but at the same time they were also frightened of it. Hence a group of hypocrites emerged.
The Hypocrites (the Munaafiqoon)
A mundafiq, or hypocrite, is someone who reveals belief but hides disbelief. A munaafiq is literally someone who constantly shifts his ground so that it is very hard to lay one's hand on him. The Qur'an refers to the hypocrites as 'propped up pieces of wood' and those in whose hearts is a disease'. Hypocrites were not known to exist during the Makkan period of Islam. They emerged in Madeenah when the victory of Islam was quite clear.
Who is a Munaafiq, or a Hypocrite?
The term munafiq was used by the Quran and Muslims to designate some of the most dangerous of their enemies. They were people with a fundamental weakness of character. They lacked the ability to take a stand. They were really opposed to the Prophet and the Truth, but they chose not to make themselves known so as to destroy Islam and the Muslims from within.
Their leader in Madeenah was "Abdullaah ibn Ubay. He was an important figure in Madeenah before the Prophet arrived there. Almost to the end of his life, he was jealous of the Prophet and had a grudge against him. He was previously recognized by the people of Madeenah as their most outstanding leader. He, therefore, never forgave the Prophet for having overshadowed him. His people now were turning to Islam. He and others like him who were greedy for power became enemies of Islam while others became secret hypocrites.
In fact, Almighty Allah had revealed to His Prophet the identity of all the hypocrites of Madeenah. The Prophet disclosed this information to Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamaan and told him to keep it a secret.
(2) Those who merely commit an-nifaaq al-asghar (the lesser form of hypocrisy) which relates to actions. They are believers but they do things which the Prophet considered acts of hypocrisy.
(1) Those hypocrites who commit an-nifaaq al-akbaar (the greater form of hypocrisy) by expressing belief and concealing disbelief.
It is important to note that the munafigoon, or hypocrites, will continue to exist until the Day of Judgment. The munafiqoon are actually of two types:
The Hypocrites will continue to Exist
The Prophet mentioned some clear signs of hypocrites so we can avoid them, for they may lead to the greater nifaaq mentioned above. He said, "Whoever possesses these four [characteristics] will be a pure hypocrite; and whoever possesses one of them possesses one characteristic of hypocrisy until he gives it up: When he is entrusted with something, he betrays the trust; when he speaks, he tells a lie; when he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous; and when he quarrels, he uses foul language." (Al-Bukhaaree)
Before his call to Prophethood, and during the early Makkan period of his mission, Allah's Messenger and his community used to pray before the southern wall of the kabah towards the north so as to face both the kabah and Jerusalem. After the Hijrah to Madeenah, the Prophet continued to pray northwards, with only Jerusalem as his qiblah (direction of prayer).
Change of the Qiblah
He and his community with him prayed facing al-Masjid al-Aqsaa (the Farthest Mosque in Jerusalem) for about sixteen Or seventeen months after he came to Madeenah, just as the Jews used to do. The Prophet hoped, anticipated and waited for a new qiblah. He actually desired to face the Kabah in Makkah in his prayers.
(Read about this in detail in Surat al-Baqarah, 2: 142-150). With the announcement of the change of the qiblah, the Prophet and the Muslims rejoiced greatly. They felt relieved and honoured. The Ka'bah was always regarded as the first House ever dedicated to Allah the One.
The Quran tells us that the Prophet had long been seeking the change of the qiblah but waited for Allah's command, and Almighty Allah soon revealed to him the direction of the qiblah.
The Jews were displeased and offended when Muslims started facing the ka'bah in Makkah to perform their prayers. They regarded the change of giblah as unacceptable, but Muslims did so out of obedience to Allah and His Messenger. It became the giblah of the Muslims for all time to come. Wherever they are in the world, Muslims turn their faces towards it when they offer their prayers.
Fasting the month of Ramadhaan was made obligatory in the second year of the Hijrah with the revelation of the these verses: "O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may become heedful (of your Lord)." (Surat al-Baqarah, 2: 183)
The Fast of Ramadhaan
When the Prophet came to Madeenah, he found the Jews fasting the Day of 'Aashuraa'. When he learnt from the Jews that it was the day on which Allah saved Prophet Moosaa and his followers from their enemy, he commanded the believers to observe it, saying that the Muslims were more worthy of Prophet Moosaa than the Jews. The fasting of Ramadhaan and the changing of the qiblah both were prescribed in the second year of the Hijrah, but before the Battle of Bad took place. Zakat was also prescribed at approximately the same time.
The Muslims found great joy and comfort in performing the five daily prayers led by the Prophet . They hastened to the mosque upon hearing the adhaan. Most often the adhaan was called by Bilaal and sometimes it was called by 'Abdullaah in Umm Maktoom, the blind companion of the Prophet , for whose sake Almighty Allah rebuked the Prophet and revealed Surat 'Abasa. Bilaal had a sweet and melodious voice.
The Congregational Prayers in the Prophet's Mosque
The Prophet often talked to his noble companions after the five daily prayers. In fact, his talks were a source of great solace and comfort for them. They intently listened to the new revelations of the Qur'an and talked of things happening around them. They often exchanged their views concerning the movements of the Quraysh and their evil designs against Islam.
The Prophet used these assemblies to issue commands. He disclosed in them plans and new measures of coping with the changing situations in and around Madeenah. The new emigrants continued to arrive in Madeenah in small groups throughout the period preceding the Battle of Badr. The mosque was the place where they met the Muslims.
The Prophet personally led the congregational prayers. He demanded that all believing men should, whenever possible, attend them. Their reward, he said, is twenty-seven times better than that of prayers performed alone. An old, blind Muslim living some distance away from the mosque once sought the Prophet's permission to allow him to perform the dawn and night prayers at home. The Prophet asked him, "Do you hear the adhaan?" "Yes," answered the man. "Then respond to the call of the prayer," declared the Prophet . He then added, "Even if you had to arrive at the mosque crawling, it is better for you."
It is remarkable to note that every Muslim, who was not sick or travelling, would normally attend all the five daily congregational prayers in the mosque.
A. State whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. The performance of the five daily prayers in congregation began only after the Hijrah. 2. The Prophet saw the manner of calling the adhaan in his dream3. There were no hypocrites during the Makkan period of Islam.
A. State whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).
4. The Jews rejoiced when the giblah of the Muslims changed towards the Kabah in Makkah. 5. Ramadhaan was made obligatory in 3 A H.6. The Prophet's Mosque was a meeting point for all Muslims.
4. Prayer in congregation is times more rewarding.
3. The first qiblah was towards
2. The leader of the hypocrites in Madeenah was ibn
1. ibn was the first mu adh-dhin of the Prophet .
B. Fill in the blanks.
C. Answer the following questions.
Thankyou!
What do you think the phrase "as-salaatu jaami'ah" means?
Before the adhaan, how did the Prophet call the people to prayer?
According to the hadeeth, what are the four characteristics of a hypocrite?
Explain the term munaafiq.
Who do you think was the enemy of Moosaa and his people, and how did Almighty Allah save them?
What are the two kinds of hypocrites?