COP28 Timeline (Microsite)

TIMELINE OF COPs

COP21-COP24

COP25-COP28

COP22

COP21

COP24

COP23

Katowice

2018

FIJI

2017

PARIS

2015

MARRAKECH

2016

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TIMELINE OF COPs

COP21-COP24

COP25-COP28

COP26

COP25

COP28

COP27

glasgow

2021

dubai

2023

madrid

2019

sharm el-sheikh

2022

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COP21: PARIS, 2015 (PART ONE)

PART 2

Establishment of loss and damage as a separate concept

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Creation of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM)

Global goal on adaptation: challenge faced by all

ADAPTATION

Plans to formulate / implement national adaptation plans

Creation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities Principle

MITIGATION

Paris ageement to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions

COP21: PARIS, 2015 (PART TWO)

COP22

Recital 13 of Paris Agreement: Protection of all ecosystems

OCEANS

Fourth Oceans Day,Because the Ocean Declaration

Conserve and restore ecosystems (carbon sinks)

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

Financial contribution towards the REDD+ framework

Common but differentiated responsibilities principle

Human rights as a component of climate action

JUST TRANSITION

Centrality of justice in the fight against climate change

COP22: MARRAKECH, 2016 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP21

First review of the WIM

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Five-year work plan for the WIM's executive committee

Discussions about utilising the Adaptation Fund

ADAPTATION

Countries expressed their views on the fund by Mar 2017

Facilitative dialogue among parties

MITIGATION

Negotiations around developing Paris 'rulebook'

COP22: MARRAKECH, 2016 (PART TWO)

COP23

PART 1

Roadmap to Ocean and Climate Action

Oceans Action Day: Discussions, Projects

OCEANS

Second Because the Ocean Declaration: 33 signatories

Forest Action Day: Conserve, Mitigate, Finance

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

First Climate Justice Day

JUST TRANSITION

Marrakech Action Proclamation

COP23: FIJI, 2017 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP22

Discussions on making loss and damage as a standing agenda item: failures

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Suva expert dialogue and its limitations

Decision on Adaptation Fund and Paris Agreement

ADAPTATION

More than $90m in new pledges to the Adaptation Fund

Continued negotiations on the Paris 'rulebook'

MITIGATION

Summary of parties' views on the accounting of NDCs

COP23: FIJI, 2017 (PART TWO)

COP24

PART 1

Ocean Pathway Initiative; Inclusion of ocean in NDCs

Oceans Action Day: 'blue carbon', warming

OCEANS

First Progress Report on Oceans and Climate (ROCA)

Forests Day:Local and indigenous peoples

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

Elevated vulnerability of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)

JUST TRANSITION

Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples’ Platform and the Gender Action Plan

COP24: KATOWICE, 2018 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP23

Recognition of loss and damage in Global Stocktake

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Decision on Adaptation Fund and Paris Agreement

ADAPTATION

Concluded negotiations on the Paris 'rulebook'

'Voluntary cancellation' of carbon offsets

MITIGATION

Talanoa dialogue and preparation of NDCs

COP24: KATOWICE, 2018 (PART TWO)

COP25

PART 1

IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5C

OCEANS

Ocean Pathway Partnership: Stakeholder Discussion

Katowice Ministerial Declaration on Forests for the Climate

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

Unsuccessful attempt to operationalise climate justice

JUST TRANSITION

Katowice Committee of Experts on the Impacts of the Implementation of Response Measures (KCI)

COP25: MADRID, 2019 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP24

Discussions on making loss and damage as a standing agenda item: failures

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Suva expert dialogue and its limitations

Decision on Adaptation Fund and Paris Agreement

ADAPTATION

More than $90m in new pledges to the Adaptation Fund

Continued negotiations on the Paris 'rulebook'

MITIGATION

Summary of parties' views on the accounting of NDCs

COP25: MADRID, 2019 (PART TWO)

COP26

PART 1

COP25 as the 'Blue COP' with its incorporation of the ocean

Call to hold an Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue

OCEANS

Launch of Platform for Science-Based Ocean Solutions

Interconnectedness of climate and biodiversity crises

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

Numerous discussions on nature-based solutions (NbS)

Renew of Gender Action Plan for another five years

JUST TRANSITION

Establishment of a work plan for the KCI

COP26: GLASGOW, 2021 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP25

Settling for Glasgow Dialogue on funding for loss & damage

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Developed nations: double funding by 2025 ($40b)

$356m in new pledges to the Adaptation Fund

ADAPTATION

Developed the Global Goal on Adaptation and programmes

153 countries put forward new 2030 emission targets

Paris rulebook was finalised, including NDC timeline...

MITIGATION

Glasgow Climate Pact

COP26: GLASGOW, 2021 (PART TWO)

COP27

PART 1

Ocean for the Climate Declaration

Recognition of the need to preserve marine ecosystems

OCEANS

Release of the final report of the ROCA initiative

Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use

BIODIVErSITY & FORESTS

Extensive discussion of nature-based solutions

Significant focus upon climate finance

JUST TRANSITION

Common but differentiated responsibilities principle

COP27: SHARM EL-SHEIKH, 2022 (PART ONE)

PART 2

COP26

Established the loss and damage fund

LOSS AND DAMAGE

Established institutions of the Santiago Network

Concern over unfulfiled pledges to the Adaptation Fund

ADAPTATION

Fraught negotiations for the adaptation goal

Finalised Mitigation Work Program (MWP)

MITIGATION

First ministerial roundtable on pre-2030 mitigation

COP27: SHARM EL-SHEIKH, 2022 (PART TWO)

PART 1

New facilitation mechanism for the annual Ocean and Climate Change Dialogue

OCEANS

First Ocean Pavilion within the Blue Zone

Conservation and restoration of marine ecosystems

Need to address climate change & biodiversity loss in concert

BIODIVERSITY & FORESTS

Call for both an end and reversal of deforestation

Establishment of a loss and damage fund

JUST TRANSITION