Copy - Copy - Copy - GENIAL PRESENTATION 4

The Instrumental case (singular)

Questions and pronouns

Nouns and adjectives

Why is it important?

Functions

Endings

Sections in thisresource

Expressing the time

Tool

Identification

As we mentioned, instrumental helps with identifying people. But it also shows the tool (instrument) that we use. Click on the shapes to learn more.

Functions

Lesson 1:The Genitive case singular

Extra information

Expressing the time

Tool

Identification

Narzędnik is used combined with the verb ‘to be’. Commonly when talking about professions, nationalities, sex or family relationships. For example: Jestem nauczycielką, Polką, kobietą, córką i siostrą. - I’m a teacher, a Pole, a woman, a daughter and a sister. But also: Kraków jest pięknym miastem. - Kraków is a beautiful city. Żywiec jest polskim piwem. - Żywiec is a Polish beer. Combined with different verbs: interesować się - to be interested in, zajmować się - to take care of, być - to be, opiekować się- to look after, rządzić - to rule, stać się - to become

Identification

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Expressing the time

Tool

Identification

Narzędnik is also used to express a tool (an instrument) that we use. For example: Jem obiad nożem i widelcem.- I’m eating dinner with knife and fork. ; Piszę notatki ołówkiem i długopisem. - I’m writing notes with a pencil and a pen. ; Jadę autobusem i pociągiem. - I’m going by car and train. ; Jadę windą. - I’m taking the lift. Notice that the Instrumental case has the same functions as by or with in English when talking about a tool.

Tool

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Expressing the time

Tool

Identification

And finally, we use it to express time relations.For example: dniem i nocą - day and night, wieczorem - (in the) evening, wiosną - in spring, latem - in summer, jesienią - in autumn, zimą - in winter

Expressing the time

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Feminine

Masculine & Neutral

Nouns for masculine and neutral gender use the same endings. Feminine words have their own. Click on shapes to explore more.

Nouns and adjectives

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Feminine

Masculine & Neutral

As mentioned, the endings for masculine and neutral words are exactly the same. For example: Interesuję się teatrem nowoczesnym i hiszpańskim winem. Can you see that extra -i in hiszpańskim? Remember our -k and -g rule? Here it is again!

Masculine & Neutral

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Feminine

Masculine & Neutral

Let’s add more examples to our sentence: Interesuję się teatrem nowoczesnym, hiszpańskim winem i literaturą polską. - I'm interested in moder theatre, Spanish wine and Polish literature.Feminine words in the Instrumental case take -ą in both nouns and adjectives. Easy!

Feminine

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Once you finish exploring, go the next page to see what all elements of the Instrumental case look like.

Pronouns

Questions

As with any other case, Instrumental also has its own questions and pronouns. Just like we mentioned in the last module, it's important to be able to associate a verb or situation with the case as that will help us to form correct questions.

Questions and pronouns

Lesson 1:The Instrumental case singular

Here you can take a look at all the questions and endings that we discussed so far. You will be able to download it in the Module toolkit.

The Instrumental case

Lesson 1: The Instrumental case singular

The pronoun ‘this’ follows the pattern of the adjective: Jeżdżę tym Nissanem. - I drive this Nissan. Ona jest tą lekarką, która ma program w radiu. - She is that doctor who has a radio show. Warszawa jest tym miastem, które chcesz odwiedzić latem! - Warsaw is this city you want to visit in the summer!

Let’s compare Nominative and Instrumental cases. Sentences 'Kraków jest pięknym miastem.' And 'Kraków to piękne miasto.' have exactly the same meaning.It’s just the structure is different. First sentence uses Nominative, and second uses Instrumental. Why? Let's have a look at the structure.to + Mianownik (Nominative - base form of a word) ‘to’ is used between 2 nouns :Maciek to inżynier. Magda to lekarka. (BYĆ) jest + adjective + noun → Narzędnik (Intrumental) Maciek jest dobrym inżynierem. Magda jest miłą lekarką. jest + adjective → Mianownik (Nominative) Maciek jest dobry. Magda jest miła.

If the last consonant n an adjective is -k or -g, it uses i in masculine and neutral genders.Remember that such combinations of letters never occure in the Polish language:ky and gy

When I want to ask about someone's profession or interests, I’ll use kim? and czym?Kim jesteś z zawodu? - What is your profession?Czym się interesujesz? - What are you interested in?If I want to ask what kind of car someone drives, what kind of doctor they are or what kind of city Warsaw is, I’ll use jakim? Or jaką?, depending on the gender. Note that the questions use the same endings as adjectives.Jakim autem jeździsz? - What kind of car do you drive?Jaką lekarką jest pani Nowak? - What kind of doctor is Mrs Nowak?Jakim miastem jest Warszawa? - What kind of city is Warsaw?