Period 5 Causation

Bleeding Kansas

1854-1856

Texas Revolution

1836-1845

Mexican-American War

1846-1848

Underground Railroad

1830s-1860s

John Brown's Raid

1859

Kansas Nebraska Act

1854

Gasden Purchase

1853

Fugitive Slave Act

1850

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

1842

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Dred Scott Decision

1857

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Ostend Manifesto

1854

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Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom's Cabin

1852

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Compromise of 1850

1850

PERIOD 5 CAUSATION

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Missouri Compromise

1820

1820-1865

American Civil War

1861-1865

Buchanan's Presidency

1857-1861

1863

Emancipation Proclamation

Confiscation Acts

1861-1862

Formation of Confederate States of America

1861

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Thirteenth Amendment Passed

1865

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Homestead Acts

1862

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Fort Sumter

1861

PERIOD 5 CAUSATION

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Abraham Lincoln's Election

1860

1820-1865

- Sir John Brown tries to initiate a slave revolt in South - Largely unsuccessful, became the "prelude" to the Civil War - Many of the key players involved in putting down (and being in) the raid later fought in the Civil War

1859

John Brown's Raid

- Land distribution act - Redistributed 160 acres of land to all who were willing to farm it - Increase in Western settlers (and further Native American forced relocation) - ONLY FOR PEOPLE WHO HADN'T FOUGHT AGAINST USA BEFORE (which includes Confederate soldiers)

1862

Homestead Acts

- Admits Maine as a free state - Admits Missouri as a slave state - Bottlenecks slavery to only be in the South (bans slavery north of 36 30 meridian and in new states)

1820

Missouri Compromise

- Wanted emphasis on states' rights, keep slavery, and abolish agriculture tariffs - After the nullification crisis, some politicians believed secession to be a constitutional right - Wanted to protect their way of life (agrarian, pro-slavery)

1861

Formation of the Confederate States of America

- Conflict between three political parties of Kansas, pro-slavery, Free-Staters, and abolitionists, over popular soverienity - Popular sovereignity became a thing under the Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854-1856

Bleeding Kansas

- Repeals Missouri Compromise- Created Kansas and Nebraska - All states can have popular sovereignity (each state chooses if they're a free or slave state)- Caused Bleeding Kansas

1854

Kansas Nebraska Act

- Lots went wrong - Increase in sectional tensions, Buchanan often only exacerbated them - Dred Scott decision made him unpopular with abolitionists - Opposed tariffs and vetoed multiple infrastructure projects - Panic of 1857: economic depression caused by collapse of a section of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company - Ineffective at addressing sectional tensions and the entirety of the secession

1857-1861

Buchanan's Presidency

- USA, Britain, and France meet in Ostend, Belgium to determine how to annex Cuba, but its being controlled by Spain - Determine that US should take Cuba by force if Spain doesn't agree to sell Cuba - The plans are leaked; Northerners think its an attempt to extend slavery (since Cuba is south)

1854

Ostend Manifesto

- Conflict between American and Mexican settlers in northern Mexico; generally over slavery and immigration - Texas declares itself an independent country after the end of the war - Texas eventually annexed into US

1836-1845

Texas Revolution

- California admitted as a free state - Texas admitted as slave state (as long as they give up New Mexican lands) - Slave trade banned in Washington DC (but not practice of slavery) - Fugitive Slave Act - slaves must be returned to their owners regardless of if they're in a free or slave state

1850

Compromise of 1850

- Intended to free all slaves in Southern states - "Confiscate" the slaves - Provided legal framework for government to seize "property" used for Confederacy

1861-1862

Confiscation Acts

- Starting point of Civil War - Fort Sumter, being a fort instated by the government, was a symbol of the Union, so Confederacy attacked it - Seen as a threat to Northerners, led to all out war instead of compromise - Became symbol of unity for Union

1861

Fort Sumter

- Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet Scott, sue US for their freedom and their daughters' freedom - Supreme Court denies them their citizenship, and denies black citizenship as a whole - Supreme Court decrees that Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional

1857

Dred Scott Decision

- Great Britain and the US fight over the border to Maine and New Brunswick- Also fight over fishing rights in that area - This treaty helped define borders and fishing rights

1842

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

- Said that all escaped slaves must be returned to their owners, regardless of if the slave is in a free or slave state - Angered many abolitionists - Increased North/South tensions, since North seemed unwilling to give Southerners their "property" back

1850

Fugitive Slave Act

- Network of people (black and white) to help runaway slaves escape bondage - Initially, the escape was to the North, but after the Fugitive Slave Act, escape become to Canada, where slavery was illegal - Key players: Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, John Brown, Levi Coffin

1830s-1860s

Underground Railroad

- Campaign focused on his honesty and vision for equality - Most Northern states voted for Lincoln - During this election, he had an overall mellow view of slavery (won't abolish it, but believes it's morally wrong) - Caused secession of Confederacy, since they thought Lincoln's election marked the official abolishing of slavery

1860

Abraham Lincoln's Election

- war between Confederate States of America and United States of America - Key events: Fort Sumter, Emancipation Proclamation, Battle of Gettysburg/Gettysburg Address, Sherman's March to the Sea, and Appomattox Court House - Emancipatation Proclamation adds moral cause to North winning, not just preserving United States - Led to Reconstruction to reintegrate South into Union again

1861-1865

American Civil War

- Declared all slaves, including in rebelling states, are free - Had three main arguments: emancipation has to be gradual, has to pay compensation to landowners, and has to have people's vote

1863

Emancipation Proclamation

- Extremely influential anti-slavery book, one of the most influential abolitionist works - Humanized slaves, showed the impact of forced separation of families, showed cruelty that slaves experienced, showed racial inequality, centered Christianity and morality, and finally, called to action for people to become abolitionists

1852

Harriet Beecher Stowe writes "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

- Expanded US territory by buying portion of Mexico (modern day Arizona and New Mexico) - Built to make transcontinental railroad (connect East and West sides of US)

1853

Gadsden Purchase

- US wants Texas and other, northern Mexico territories - US and Mexico fight for territory; US wins - US gains Texas, California, etc - Connection from Unit 4: this is the reason Henry David Thoreau wrote On Civil Disobidience

1846-1848

Mexican-American War

- Officially abolished slavery - Also outlawed involuntary servitude/peonage - This all was okay as punishment for a crime, however

1865

Thirteenth Amendment Passed