LISTA PREGUNTAS

AGGRESSION

Aversive stimulus => Aggression

Pain- elicited aggression

Ulrich & Azrin (1962):

• Rats from same litter in test cage -> electric shocks through cage floor

• Rats rearing up on their hind legs and pushing each other

• If shocks very intense & long enough -> rats biting each other

• -> Powerful & universal animal instinct to attack when hurt

Berkowitz, Cochrane, Embree (1981):

• University women acting as teachers, reinforcing or punishing a partner doing a learning task

• Some "teachers" hand in cold water, others in warm water

• Cold water -> significantly more likely to be punitive towards partners
• -> Humans also potentially behave more aggressively when they are hurt

Modeling

Long-term effects

Use of punishment can also serve as a model for aggressive behavior

1. Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1963)
2. Leyens et al. (1975)
3. Josephson (1987)

Sample: boys from a Canadian elementary school Exposed to a television program involving violence

• 50% more acts of aggression

• Children we exposed to an adult model who punched a doll

• Exposition of violent movies leads to violent behavior,

Repeated exposure to violence play a major role in aggressiveness

Strassberg et al. (1994)

• children who were spanked were roughly twice as likely to behave aggressively as those who were not

Huesmann et al. (2003)

• Children that have watched violence were more likely to behave violently when they became adults