SCIENCE Review

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Science Review2nd Semester

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Matter properties

Brownian law

thermometers, conductors and absorbers

Thermal physics

Gaseous exchange

Spirometry

The respitory system B7

Components of blood

Blood vessels

Double circulation

The heart and circulatory system B7.2

Topics we learned

The heart and circulatory system

SECTION 01

The hearts functions:The heart's main function is to move blood throughout your body. Your heart also: Controls the rhythm and speed of your heart rate. Maintains your blood pressure.

How the heart works in steps:1. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.2. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.3. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.

How the heart works and what are its functions?

Components of blood and blood vessels

Components of Blood:Blood has four main components: 1. plasma2. red blood cells3. white blood cells4. platelets. Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.

Blood vesselsThere are three kinds of blood vessels:1. Arteries: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. They're tough on the outside but they contain a smooth interior layer of epithelial cells that allows blood to flow easily.2. Veins: Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart.3. Capillaries: Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels — so small that a single red blood cell can barely fit through them. They help to connect your arteries and veins.Each of these plays a very specific role in the circulation process.

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The respitory system

SECTION 02

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels.Organs part of the respitory system:1. Nose2. Mouth3. Throat (pharynx)4. Voice box (larynx) 5.Windpipe (trachea) 6.Large airways (bronchi) 7.Small airways (bronchioles) 8.Lungs.

The respitory system

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Spirometry Process

Step 4

Repeat the process at least 3 times to make the results accurate.

Step 3

Once the piston reaches the bottom of the spirometer, breathe out slowly through your mouth. Rest for a few seconds.

Try to get the piston as high as you can, while keeping the indicator between the arrows. When you get it as high as you can, hold your breath for 10 seconds, or as long as possible. While you’re holding your breath, the piston will slowly fall to the base of the spirometer.

Sit and breathe into a small machine called a spirometer.

Step 2

Step 1

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Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the bloodstream and the lungs. Two processes are essential for the transfer of oxygen from the outside air to the blood flowing through the lungs: ventilation and diffusion.

What is gas exhange?

Thermal physics

SECTION 03

• What is Matter?
• Matter is a substance that has inertia and occupies physical space. According to modern physics, matter consists of various types of particles, each with mass and size.
• What are thermal properties?
• Thermal properties are associated with a material-dependent response when heat is supplied to a solid body, a liquid, or a gas. This response might be a temperature increase, a phase transition, a change of length or volume, an initiation of a chemical reaction or the change of some other physical or chemical quantity. The major components of thermal properties are: Heat capacity. Thermal Expansion. Thermal conductivity.

Matter and thermal properties

• In conduction, heat transfer takes place between objects by direct contact.
• In convection, the heat transfer takes within the fluid.
• In radiation, heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves without involving particles.
• Conduction example: Touching a hot seatbelt when you get into a car. Metals are good conductors.
• Convection example: A radiator puts warm air out at the top and draws in cooler air at the bottom.
• Radiation example: A burning candle emits radiation in the form of heat and light. The Sun emits radiation in the form of light, heat, and particles.

Conduction, Convection and Radiation