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Transcript

PEMS

SEX ED

GENDER AND ANATOMY

REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE

The human right to own our bodies and control our future The human right to have children The human right to not have children, The human right to parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities.

HOW DO YOU THINK REPRODUCTIVE JUSTICE AND LGBTQ RIGHTS ARE CONNECTED?

GENDER DIVERSITY ACROSS CULTURES

Most of these cultures didn’t use Western terms like “transgender”—but their gender-diverse roles demonstrate that human societies have long recognized more than two genders. This diversity was criminalized or erased by European colonizers and missionaries who imposed rigid binary gender norms based on Victorian ideals.

Muxe (Zapotec people of Oaxaca, Mexico)

Two-Spirit (Indigenous Peoples of North America)

Hijra (South Asia — India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)

Sworn Virgins (Balkans, especially Albania)

Khanith (Oman, Arabian Peninsula)

Deities (Orisha) like Obatala and Olokun in Nigeria

Mubia (Cameroon – Duala & other groups)

Māhū (Native Hawaiians) & Fakafifine (Samoa/Tonga)

LGBTQ STIGMA

Black LGBTQ students who experienced higher levels of victimization based on sexual orientation at school:- were more than twice as likely to skip school because they felt unsafe (54.2% vs. 20.3%);- were somewhat less likely to plan to graduate high school (96.7% vs. 99.3%); and - experienced lower levels of school belonging (30.5% vs. 61.3%) and greater levels of depression (69.8% vs. 43.1%).

Black LGBTQ students who experienced higher levels of victimization based on race/ethnicity at school:- were more than twice as likely to skip school because they felt unsafe (42.2% vs. 17.8%); and- experienced lower levels of school belonging (41.8% vs. 62.7%) and greater levels of depression (64.7% vs. 36.5%).

Transgender and gender nonconforming (trans/GNC) Black students experienced greater levels of victimization based on sexual orientation, gender expression, and race/ethnicity than LGBQ cisgender Black students.

Nearly a third of Black LGBTQ students (30.4%) reported missing at least one day of school in the last month because they felt unsafe or uncomfortable, and 10.3% missed four or more days in the past month.

Over half of Black LGBTQ students (51.6%) felt unsafe at school because of their sexual orientation, 40.2% because of their gender expression, and 30.6% because of their race or ethnicity.

https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Erasure-and-Resilience-Black-2020.pdf

BARRIERS TO CARE

  • LGBTQ people are more likely to be underinsured and uninsured, and cost is a major barrier to accessing care.
  • Trans people of color, including multiracial (42%), American Indian (41%), Black (40%), and Latin[x] (37%) respondents, were more likely to not have seen a health care provider in the past year due to cost.
  • LGTBQ people often experience rampant discrimination, harassment, lack of provider knowledge, and even refusals of care.

https://transequality.org/issues/us-transgender-survey

https://www.thetaskforce.org/app/uploads/2023/05/Queering-Reproductive-Justice-Mini-Toolkit.pdf

GENDER CARE BANS

Gender-affirming care is age-appropriate care that is medically necessary for the well-being of many transgender, non-binary, and gender-expansive people who experience symptoms of gender dysphoria or distress that result from having one’s gender identity not match their sex assigned at birth.

https://www.hrc.org/resources/attacks-on-gender-affirming-care-by-state-map

HOW MANY GENDER RELATED TERMS DO YOU KNOW?

TERMINOLOGY

traight esbian ay isexual ransgender

SL G B T

Q /Q

uestioning

ueer

+?

Agender Two-Spirit Genderfluid Genderqueer Xenogender

Intersex Asexual Aromantic Pansexual Nonbinary

TERMINOLOGY

Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person’s internal feelings of being a woman, man, both, neither or something else

Gender Expression

External appearance of one's gender identity, expressed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine.

Biological Sex

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals.

Attraction

Emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person.

TERMINOLOGY

Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person’s internal feelings of being a woman, man, both, neither or something else

Gender Expression

External appearance of one's gender identity, expressed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine.

Biological Sex

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals.

Attraction

Emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person.

BIOLOGICAL SEX

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals. Most people are assigned male or female, and this is what’s put on their birth certificates.

Female

Male

Intersex

TRUE OR FALSE

The reproductive tract in people AFAB develops from different embryonic tissue than people AMAB

FALSE

The reproductive tract in people AFAB develops from the same embryonic tissue as people AMAB

GENITAL DEVELOPMENT

GONADS

Reproductive tracts develop from the same tissues in the embryo.

In XY individuals, the presence of the SRY gene activated by testosterone activates pathways that cause the gonads to become testes.

Embryo @ 6 weeks

SRY

SRY

In XX individuals, the absence of SRY causes the gonads to become ovaries.

People who are intersex can have variations in internal and external reproductive tract that fall outside the male/female categories.

Ovaries

Testes

GENITAL DEVELOPMENT

  • Wolffian ducts: Develop into male reproductive structures.
  • The testes produce testosterone which promotes the growth of Wolffian ducts into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.
  • Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): Causes the regression of Müllerian ducts.

Internal structures

Müllerian ducts

Wolffian ducts

  • Müllerian ducts: Develop into female reproductive structures.
  • In the absence of testosterone and AMH the Müllerian ducts develop into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper third of the vagina.
  • Wolffian ducts regress due to the lack of testosterone.

GENITAL DEVELOPMENT

  • Genital Tubercle: Forms the clitoris (in females) or penis (in males).
  • Genital Folds: Develop into the labia minora (in females) or fuse to form the penile urethra (in males).
  • Genital Swellings: Become the labia majora (in females) or scrotum (in males).

External structures

Testosterone

Genital tubercle

NORMAL

Genital fold

  • Male Development: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), derived from testosterone, drives the masculinization of external genitalia.
  • Female Development: Occurs in the absence of significant androgen activity.

Genital swelling

Testosterone

GENITAL DEVELOPMENT

  • The medical term is “disorders of sexual differentiation”
  • People who are intersex can have variations in gonads, internal and external reproductive tract that fall outside the male/female categories.

fusion of the labioscrotal folds

cryptorchidism and/or micropenis

Gonads palpable in the labioscrotal folds or the inguinal region

VARIATIONS

  • These variations can be due to mutations in hormone receptors, over production of some hormones, enzyme abnormalities missing or extra chromosomes, etc.
  • This can lead to a person with both ovarian and testicular tissues, missing internal structures, XXY chromosome, enlarged clitoris etc

cliteralmegaly

Posterior labial fusion

Hypospadias

HOW MANY CAN YOU NAME?

Mons

Fallopian Tube

Ovary

Clitoris

Uterus

Bladder

Labia minora

Urethra

Pubic Bone

Rectum

Vagina

Urethra

Cervix

Labia majora

Vagina

Anus

Anus

Clitoris

Bulbourethral (Bartholin) Gland

EXTERNAL

Mons

  • Vulva: The external parts of the genitals that you can see on the outside of the body. This includes the labia, clitoris, urethra opening, and vaginal opening.
  • Mons Pubis: The soft, fatty area above the vulva, where pubic hair usually grows.
  • Labia Majora ("outer lips") are larger and may have hair.
  • Labia Minora ("inner lips") are thinner and often vary in size, color, and shape.
  • Clitoris: A small, sensitive organ located at the top of the vulva where the labia meet.
  • Urethra: A small opening just below the clitoris where urine (pee) leaves the body
  • Vagina: The muscular canal that connects the vulva to the inside of the body
  • Anus: The opening where poop leaves the body.

Clitoris

Labia minora

Urethra

Vagina

Labia majora

Anus

TRUE OR FALSE

You can tell if someone is a virgin or not based on the hymen.

FALSE

Virginity is a social construct.

EXTERNAL

Paraurethral Glands

  • Hymen: A thin piece of tissue that may partially cover the vaginal opening. Some people are born without one, and it can stretch or tear from things like exercise, using tampons, or sexual activity
  • Paraurethral Glands: Small glands located around the urethra that can release fluid during arousal or orgasm. These are sometimes called the "female prostate" and are thought to play a role in pleasure and ejaculation.
  • Bulbourethral Glands: Two pea-sized glands located near the vaginal opening. They produce fluid that helps lubricate the vulva during arousal.
  • Clitoris: Most of the clitoris is inside the body. Its main job is pleasure, and it has thousands of nerve endings.

@gorjus_sexed

www.gorjusdoc.com

Clitoris

Hymen

Bulbourethral Glands

INTERNAL

Fallopian Tube

Ovary

  • Uterus: where blood comes from during a period
  • Ovary: small organs that make eggs called ova and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
  • Fallopian Tube: tubes that allows for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus
  • Cervix: the muscular tube and bottom of the uterus that opens into the vagina
  • Bladder: a stretchy, muscular organ that stores urine (pee)
  • Vagina: a tube structure that connects the uterus and cervix to the outside of the body
  • Rectum: the last part of the large intestine. It stores poop (stool) before it leaves the body through the anus.

Uterus

Bladder

Pubic Bone

Rectum

Urethra

Cervix

Vagina

Anus

Clitoris

Bulbourethral (Bartholin) Gland

HOW MANY CAN YOU NAME?

Urethral opening

Bladder

Penile Shaft

Rectum

Glans

Vas Deferens

Penile Shaft

Seminal Vesicle

Prostate

Urethra

Scrotum

Epididymis

Anus

Urethral opening

Testicle

EXTERNAL

Urethral opening

Penile Shaft

Glans

  • Penis: made of two parts-the shaft and the glans which provides sensation allows passage of urine and semen
  • Scrotum: holds testes, controls temperature
  • Urethra: A small opening just below the clitoris where urine (pee) leaves the body
  • Anus: The opening where poop leaves the body.

Scrotum

Anus

INTERNAL

Bladder

Rectum

Vas Deferens

  • Scrotum: holds testes, controls temperature
  • Testes: produces sperm and sex hormones
  • Epididymis: store the sperms for maturation and transport it to vas deferens
  • Vas deferens: provides storage for sperm, allow passage of sperm to the penis
  • Prostate gland: produces most of the fluid that makes up semen
  • Seminal Vasicle: glands that make a thick fluid that mixes with sperm to create semen.
  • Urethra: A small opening where urine (pee) leaves the body
  • Bladder: a stretchy, muscular organ that stores urine (pee)
  • Rectum: the last part of the large intestine. It stores poop (stool) before it leaves the body through the anus.

Penile Shaft

Seminal Vesicle

Prostate

Urethra

Epididymis

Urethral opening

Testicle

TRUE OR FALSE

Pre-cum comes from the prostate gland and does not contain sperm.

FALSE

Pre-cum comes from the cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands) and can contain sperm.

INTERNAL

Ureter

Bladder

Seminal Vesicle

  • Cowper’s glands: two tiny glands under the prostate, near the base of the penis that make a clear, slippery fluid (pre-ejaculate or "pre-cum") that comes out before semen during arousal. This fluid cleans and lubricates the urethra.
  • Seminal Vasicle: glands that make a thick fluid that mixes with sperm to create semen.
  • Prostate gland: produces most of the fluid that makes up semen
  • Several glands work together to make semen

Penile Shaft

Prostate

Cowper's Gland

Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Erectile Tissue

Glans

Testicle

@gorjus_sexed

www.gorjusdoc.com

Scrotum

Urethra

TERMINOLOGY

Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person’s internal feelings of being a woman, man, both, neither or something else

Gender Expression

External appearance of one's gender identity, expressed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine.

Biological Sex

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals.

Attraction

Emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person.

WHAT IS GENDER?

This refers to the cultural identities, expressions and roles often related to a person’s sex assigned at birth, often classified as masculine or feminine. These cultural identities, expressions and roles are assigned to people based on the interpretation of their bodies and, more specifically, their sexual and reproductive anatomy. Gender is socially constructed or made up, so some people reject or change their gender assignment and develop something that feels truer to who they are

GENDER IDENTITY

TRANS

CIS

Transgender is a term to describe someone whose gender does not matches what they were assigned at birth. For example, they were assigned female at birth based on being born with a vagina and know themselves to be male.

Cisgender is a term to describe someone whose gender matches what they were assigned at birth. For example, they were assigned female at birth based on being born with a vagina and know themselves to be female.

BIOLOGICAL SEX≠GENDER INDENTITY

  • Society views gender usually is based on someone’s anatomy (the genitals they were born with).
  • This is gender assignment and it is based on an assumption that someone’s genitals match their gender.
  • However, gender isn’t about someone’s anatomy, it is about who they know them self to be.
  • No matter what someone’s genitals look like, everyone has the right to decide their gender identity
  • Gender can be complex and people are defining themselves in new and different ways as we gain a deeper understanding of identities.

TERMINOLOGY

Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person’s internal feelings of being a woman, man, both, neither or something else

Gender Expression

External appearance of one's gender identity, expressed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine.

Biological Sex

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals.

Attraction

Emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person.

GENDER EXPRESSION

Gender expression is about how someone acts and presents themselves to world. Gender expression is not related to someone’s gender or sex, but rather about personal behaviors and interests. Sometimes people don’t express their gender in the way they would like to because they don’t feel safe to do so. This is why it’s important to not assume someone’s gender just based on how they look, but rather by checking in with them. Gender expression is also deeply tied to culture.

WHAT ARE WAYS SOMEONE CAN EXPRESS THEIR GENDER?

GENDER EXPRESSION

Chest affirming surgery

Changing pronouns

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Changing names

SOCIAL Name Pronouns Hair Makeup Clothing

MEDICAL Hormone therapy: changing which hormones are in your body can change the sound of your voice, where hair grows, how the body curves

SURGICAL Top/upper surgery: adding or removing breasts Bottom/lower surgery: changing composition of genitals

Makeup

New Hair

Bottom Surgery

New Clothing

TERMINOLOGY

Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person’s internal feelings of being a woman, man, both, neither or something else

Gender Expression

External appearance of one's gender identity, expressed through behavior, clothing, body characteristics or voice, and which may or may not conform to socially defined behaviors and characteristics typically associated with being either masculine or feminine.

Biological Sex

Assigned sex is a label that you’re given at birth based on medical factors, including your hormones, chromosomes, and genitals.

Attraction

Emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction that a person feels toward another person.

ATTRACTION

SL G B T

traight esbian ay isexual ransgender

Q /Q

uestioning

ueer

+?

Agender Two-Spirit Genderfluid Genderqueer Xenogender

Intersex Asexual Aromantic Pansexual Nonbinary

WHAT ABOUT SEX?

Mutual Masturbation

Cybersex/Sexting

Penis in Vagina

Oral Sex

Anal Sex

Manual Sex

Dry Sex

Safer Sex also looks like

Using Sex Toys

Condoms (Internal) and (External) Gloves and Finger Cots Rubber Underwear Dental Dams

Erogenous Zones

GENDER EXPRESSION≠ATTRACTION

A term to describe the gender or genders of the people to whom one is attracted physically and romantically. Typical words people use to describe sexual orientation are bisexual, gay, lesbian, heterosexual and in some cases queer.

LET’S PRACTICE

Jax is intersex, wears gender-neutral clothing and uses they/them pronouns. They are romantically attracted to men.

Jill was assigned female at birth, identifies as male. He wears masculine clothing and is romantically attracted to women.

Andy was assigned male at birth, identifies as male. He wears feminine clothing, make up and masculine clothing. He is romantically attracted to men.

Alana was assigned female at birth, identifies as female and wears feminine clothing. She is romantically attracted to women.

LET’S PRACTICE

Jill was assigned female at birth, identifies as male. He wears masculine clothing and is romantically attracted to women.

Biological Sex

Gender Identity

Gender Expression

Attraction

LET’S PRACTICE

Biological Sex

Gender Identity

Gender Expression

Attraction

Andy was assigned male at birth, identifies as male. He wears feminine clothing, make up and masculine clothing. He is romantically attracted to men.

LET’S PRACTICE

Jax is intersex, wears gender-neutral clothing and uses they/them pronouns. They are romantically attracted to men.

Biological Sex

Gender Identity

Gender Expression

Attraction

LET’S PRACTICE

Biological Sex

Gender Identity

Gender Expression

Attraction

Alana was assigned female at birth, identifies as female and wears feminine clothing. She is romantically attracted to women.

CHECK OUT

QUIZ NAME 1 THING YOU LEARNED

OUR JOURNEY

GENDER

MENSTRUATION

BIRTH CONTROL

PUBERTY

STI’S

PREGNANCY

COMMUNICATION