Photo Gallery
Marked Spaces, Excluded Lives
Invisible routes
Santiago Sánchez Alemán - A01234364
Exploring global challenges shaping the path toward inclusive and equitable cities.
+ INFO
Margins of Overcrowding
Closed doors
Liquid gap
Breach of trust
Marked Spaces, Excluded Lives
The global homelessness crisis intensified drastically following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Utilizing public parking lots as temporary outdoor shelters exposed severe deficiencies in inclusive housing infrastructure across major urban centers. Emergency measures highlighted how unhoused populations completely lack safe, dignified public spaces. This global issue reflects a structural failure in urban social protection systems, where city design frequently prioritizes spatial control over basic human assistance, leaving vulnerable populations marginalized within modern metropolitan areas (UN-Habitat, 2022).
Locher (2020)
Margins of Overcrowding
Massive informal settlements represent critical hubs of structural urban segregation across the Global South. During health crises beginning in 2020, strict lockdowns exposed extreme overcrowding and a total lack of basic utilities in these areas. World Bank (2023) reports indicate that over one billion people globally reside under these conditions, completely deprived of formal clean water networks. The lack of inclusive urban planning perpetuates spatial barriers that economically isolate these communities, systematically violating their fundamental human rights to health, dignity, and adequate housing on a global scale (World Health Organization, 2022).
Mascarenhas (2020)
Liquid gap
Access to safely managed drinking water remains a critical indicator of structural urban inequality. According to UNICEF data (2024), global coverage raised from 68% to 74% between 2015 and 2024, allowing 961 million people to gain access to safe water services. However, a profound infrastructure gap persists: 2.1 billion people worldwide still lack safely managed drinking water, frequently relying on unimproved or distant sources. In marginalized urban peripheries, lower-middle-income areas must double their current progress rates to meet universal goals. This systemic deficiency reinforces spatial segregation, demonstrating that essential resource allocation is heavily dictated by economic status rather than universal rights (UNICEF, 2024).
Invisible routes
While international migration often dominates global policy debates, internal migration within national borders represents a much larger structural phenomenon affecting children. According to data compiled by UNICEF (2026), population movements within countries drastically outnumber international migration, driven by rural-to-urban shifts and economic disparities. For instance, large-scale internal migration in nations like India and China has historically left millions of children navigating fragile administrative barriers. In urban destinations, these children frequently face legal and systemic challenges to accessing public healthcare, housing, and formal education. This massive internal mobility highlights the urgent need for inclusive municipal frameworks that protect migrant youth within urbanizing economies (UNICEF, 2026).
Closed doors
Institutional discrimination operates as an invisible filter that systematically blocks access to the formal economic system. The comprehensive OECD report (2025) provides stark statistical evidence: nearly 1 in 4 individuals (24%) worldwide report experiencing lifetime discrimination, predominantly within workplace and recruitment settings. Furthermore, 77% of those targeted express critical concerns regarding their long-term financial security, compared to 68% of non-affected individuals. This structural exclusion represents a severe systemic barrier rather than isolated events; it actively damages household economic stability, triples the likelihood of mental health challenges, and deeply undermines global macroeconomic productivity and social cohesion (OECD, 2025).
Manu Navarro(2018)
Breach of trust
Structural corruption inflicts a direct impact on civic stability by dismantling the perceived legitimacy of sovereign states. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index published by World Population Review (2024), over two-thirds of nations fail with scores below 50/100, indicating a widespread misuse of public power for private gain. Concurrently, metrics analyzed by Visual Capitalist (Zhu, 2024) demonstrate that this systemic failure severely erodes public trust, leaving 63% of global respondents to view politicians as inherently untrustworthy. This institutional crisis active undermines democratic frameworks, deepens economic polarization, and serves as a major barrier to sustainable global macroeconomic development (World Population Review, 2024; Zhu, 2024).
Taken from Kapila(2024)
References
UNICEF. (2026). Child migration and internal displacement: Scales, trends, and impacts on children. UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-migration-and-displacement/migration/
UNICEF. (2024). Progress and disparities in household drinking water services (2015-2024). UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/water-and-sanitation/drinking-water/
UN-Habitat. (2022). World Cities Report 2022: Envisaging the Future of Cities. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org/wcr/
World Bank. (2023). Urban development overview. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview
World Health Organization. (2022). Global report on sanitation and health. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets
OECD. (2025). Global experiences of discrimination. OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity, No. 22, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/global-experiences-of-discrimination_4b01b73c-en/full-report.html
Navarro, M. (18 de noviembre de 2018). Manifestación contra el racismo institucional [Fotografías]. El Salto. https://www.elsaltodiario.com/racismo/antirracismo-politico-alianzas-contra-fascismo Locher, J. (2020). Boxes painted on the ground of a parking lot mark places for people to sleep at a makeshift camp for the homeless [Fotografía]. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/3ae52a41806a9e83b1d4d177ccb62fff Mascarenhas, F. / Reuters. (28 de abril de 2020). Life under lockdown in India's massive Dharavi slum [Galería de fotos]. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/life-under-lockdown-in-indias-massive-d-idUSRTS3B9I7 Kapila, S. (2024). Can Sri Lanka seize the moment? Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/magazine/article/can-sri-lanka-seize-moment
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Transcript
Photo Gallery
Marked Spaces, Excluded Lives
Invisible routes
Santiago Sánchez Alemán - A01234364
Exploring global challenges shaping the path toward inclusive and equitable cities.
+ INFO
Margins of Overcrowding
Closed doors
Liquid gap
Breach of trust
Marked Spaces, Excluded Lives
The global homelessness crisis intensified drastically following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Utilizing public parking lots as temporary outdoor shelters exposed severe deficiencies in inclusive housing infrastructure across major urban centers. Emergency measures highlighted how unhoused populations completely lack safe, dignified public spaces. This global issue reflects a structural failure in urban social protection systems, where city design frequently prioritizes spatial control over basic human assistance, leaving vulnerable populations marginalized within modern metropolitan areas (UN-Habitat, 2022).
Locher (2020)
Margins of Overcrowding
Massive informal settlements represent critical hubs of structural urban segregation across the Global South. During health crises beginning in 2020, strict lockdowns exposed extreme overcrowding and a total lack of basic utilities in these areas. World Bank (2023) reports indicate that over one billion people globally reside under these conditions, completely deprived of formal clean water networks. The lack of inclusive urban planning perpetuates spatial barriers that economically isolate these communities, systematically violating their fundamental human rights to health, dignity, and adequate housing on a global scale (World Health Organization, 2022).
Mascarenhas (2020)
Liquid gap
Access to safely managed drinking water remains a critical indicator of structural urban inequality. According to UNICEF data (2024), global coverage raised from 68% to 74% between 2015 and 2024, allowing 961 million people to gain access to safe water services. However, a profound infrastructure gap persists: 2.1 billion people worldwide still lack safely managed drinking water, frequently relying on unimproved or distant sources. In marginalized urban peripheries, lower-middle-income areas must double their current progress rates to meet universal goals. This systemic deficiency reinforces spatial segregation, demonstrating that essential resource allocation is heavily dictated by economic status rather than universal rights (UNICEF, 2024).
Invisible routes
While international migration often dominates global policy debates, internal migration within national borders represents a much larger structural phenomenon affecting children. According to data compiled by UNICEF (2026), population movements within countries drastically outnumber international migration, driven by rural-to-urban shifts and economic disparities. For instance, large-scale internal migration in nations like India and China has historically left millions of children navigating fragile administrative barriers. In urban destinations, these children frequently face legal and systemic challenges to accessing public healthcare, housing, and formal education. This massive internal mobility highlights the urgent need for inclusive municipal frameworks that protect migrant youth within urbanizing economies (UNICEF, 2026).
Closed doors
Institutional discrimination operates as an invisible filter that systematically blocks access to the formal economic system. The comprehensive OECD report (2025) provides stark statistical evidence: nearly 1 in 4 individuals (24%) worldwide report experiencing lifetime discrimination, predominantly within workplace and recruitment settings. Furthermore, 77% of those targeted express critical concerns regarding their long-term financial security, compared to 68% of non-affected individuals. This structural exclusion represents a severe systemic barrier rather than isolated events; it actively damages household economic stability, triples the likelihood of mental health challenges, and deeply undermines global macroeconomic productivity and social cohesion (OECD, 2025).
Manu Navarro(2018)
Breach of trust
Structural corruption inflicts a direct impact on civic stability by dismantling the perceived legitimacy of sovereign states. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index published by World Population Review (2024), over two-thirds of nations fail with scores below 50/100, indicating a widespread misuse of public power for private gain. Concurrently, metrics analyzed by Visual Capitalist (Zhu, 2024) demonstrate that this systemic failure severely erodes public trust, leaving 63% of global respondents to view politicians as inherently untrustworthy. This institutional crisis active undermines democratic frameworks, deepens economic polarization, and serves as a major barrier to sustainable global macroeconomic development (World Population Review, 2024; Zhu, 2024).
Taken from Kapila(2024)
References
UNICEF. (2026). Child migration and internal displacement: Scales, trends, and impacts on children. UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-migration-and-displacement/migration/ UNICEF. (2024). Progress and disparities in household drinking water services (2015-2024). UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women. https://data.unicef.org/topic/water-and-sanitation/drinking-water/ UN-Habitat. (2022). World Cities Report 2022: Envisaging the Future of Cities. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org/wcr/ World Bank. (2023). Urban development overview. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview World Health Organization. (2022). Global report on sanitation and health. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets OECD. (2025). Global experiences of discrimination. OECD Policy Insights on Well-being, Inclusion and Equal Opportunity, No. 22, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/global-experiences-of-discrimination_4b01b73c-en/full-report.html Navarro, M. (18 de noviembre de 2018). Manifestación contra el racismo institucional [Fotografías]. El Salto. https://www.elsaltodiario.com/racismo/antirracismo-politico-alianzas-contra-fascismo Locher, J. (2020). Boxes painted on the ground of a parking lot mark places for people to sleep at a makeshift camp for the homeless [Fotografía]. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/3ae52a41806a9e83b1d4d177ccb62fff Mascarenhas, F. / Reuters. (28 de abril de 2020). Life under lockdown in India's massive Dharavi slum [Galería de fotos]. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/life-under-lockdown-in-indias-massive-d-idUSRTS3B9I7 Kapila, S. (2024). Can Sri Lanka seize the moment? Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/magazine/article/can-sri-lanka-seize-moment