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Nathaniel Landreth

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Organ System & Regional Anatomy Workshop

Gluteus Maximus: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) Gluteus Medius, Minimus, and TFL: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) Piriformis: N. to piriformis (S1-S2) Obturator internus and superior gemellus: N. to obturator internus (L5-S2) Quadratus femorus and inferior gemellus: N. to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)

Nate Landreth

Review on your own

01

02

03

04

Radiology lectures (DON’T FORGET THESE)

Arterial supply of the extremities, pelvis, & brain

Anatomy of the extremities & clinical conditions

Abdominal wall musculature & layers of the inguinal canal

Gastrointestinal Tract

Brief section on the GI tract - This section DOES NOT cover anatomical identification or general function of the GI organs. Please review this on your own.

Autonomic Innervation

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

  • Foregut:
  • Midgut:
  • Hindgut:
  • Foregut:
  • Midgut:
  • Hindgut:

Autonomic Innervation

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

  • Foregut:
  • T5-T9, greater splanchnic
  • Midgut:
  • T10-12, least & least splanchnic
  • Hindgut:
  • L1-L2, lunar splanchnic
  • Foregut:
  • Vagus
  • Midgut:
  • Vagus
  • Hindgut:
  • Pelvic splanchnic

Click here for help

Click here to review hernias!

Review the major arterial supplies of the GI tract, its branches (including cadaveric images), and anastomoses

Pelvic Organs & GU tract

Brief section on the GI tract

Autonomic Innervation

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

  • Kidney & Proximal Ureter
  • Gonads:
  • Chromaffin Cells:
  • Kidney & Proximal Ureter
  • Gonads:
  • Chromaffin Cells:

Autonomic Innervation

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

  • Kidney & Proximal Ureter:
  • T10-T12: Lesser & least splanchnic
  • Gonads:
  • T10-T12: Lesser & least splanchnic
  • Chromaffin Cells:
  • T10-T12: Lesser & least splanchnic
  • Kidney & Proximal Ureter
  • Vagus nerve
  • Gonads
  • None:
  • Chromaffin Cells:
  • None

Pudendal Nerve & its branches

What spinal levels contribute to the pudendal nerve?

Pudendal Nerve & its branches

What spinal levels contribute to the pudendal nerve? S2-S4

Abnormal Scrotum: Name & Anatomical Origin

Abnormal Scrotum: Name & Anatomical Origin

Name: Hydrocele Anatomical Origin: Patent tunica vaginalis

Name: Varicocele Anatomical Origin: Dilation of the pampiniform plexus. Which side is more likely to be affected?

Perineal Pouches

Superficial Pouch:

  • Muscles:
  • Nerves:
  • Urethra:
  • Male:
  • Female:
  • Glands:
  • Male
  • Female

Perineal Membrane

Deep Pouch:

  • Muscles:
  • Nerves:
  • Urethra:
  • Male:
  • Female:
  • Glands:
  • Male
  • Female

Perineal Pouches: Know these!

Superficial Pouch:

  • Muscles: All except for muscles of the deep pouch
  • Nerves: Perineal nerve
  • Urethra:
  • Male: Spongy
  • Female: Distal
  • Glands:
  • Male: None
  • Female: Great vestibular gland

Perineal Membrane

Deep Pouch:

  • Muscles: External urethral sphincter & deep transverse perineal muscle
  • Nerves: Dorsal nerve of the clitoris/penis
  • Urethra:
  • Male: Membranous
  • Female: Proximal
  • Glands:
  • Male: Bulbourethral glands
  • Female: None

Pelvic Pain Line

The muscle identified to the left suffers a laceration during childbirth. The nerve that innervates this muscle is also responsible for which of the following?

  1. Providing sensory information to the clitoris
  2. Providing sensory information to the anus below the pectinate line
  3. Providing motor information to the external anal sphincter
  4. Providing sensory information to the labia majora (What muscle was labeled? What nerve provides motor to this muscles?)
  5. Providing motor information to the external urethral sphincter
What nerve provides the information for the wrong answer choices?

    A 65-year-old male is presenting to his PCP for evaluation of urinary hesistancy. He has felt in the last 2 years that it takes longer to initiate while urinating. Over the last two months, he estimates it takes 3-5 minutes to urinate. PSA levels obtained and resulted at 25. He undergoes biopsy and is diagnosed with prostatic cancer. Which of the following zones identified in the image to the left is likely the origin of the cancer?

    1. Zone A
    2. Zone B (What zone is this and what is it associated with?)
    3. Zone C
    4. Zone D (What zone is this?)

    An 18 year old male is presenting to urgent care for evaluation of what he describes as severe rectal pain and penile discharge. He says that his symptoms began a few days after he had sexual intercourse with a new partner without protection. He is diagnosed with chalymydia and started on ABX. The gland identified to the left is infected and swollen. If this infection were to spread from this gland to the surrounding structures, what structure is most likely to also be affected?

    1. Ischiocavernosus muscle
    2. Superifical transverse perineal muscle
    3. External urethral sphincter
    4. Crura of the penis

    Hint

    A 73-year-old female is presenting to the PCP for evaluation of blood in stool. She reports that it has been going on for 2 years now. She was told in the past that she had hemorrhoids. She undergoes flexible sigmoidoscopy which shows hemorrohoids around the area labeled to the left. Which of the following is the embryological origin of the structures in that region?

    1. Ectoderm
    2. Paraxial mesoderm
    3. Gut tube endoderm
    4. Splanchnic mesoderm
    Review hemorrhoids and how their relationship to the pectinate line relates to the relevant anatomy

    Hint

    Head & Neck

    Brief review of the head & neck

    Traumatic Head Injuries

    • What injury is this?
    • What vessel is affected?
    • What injury is this?
    • What vessel is affected?

    Traumatic Head Injuries

    • What injury is this?
    • Epidural hematoma
    • What vessel is affected?
    • Middle meningeal artery (BONUS: What foramen?)
    • What injury is this?
    • Subdural hematoma
    • What vessel is affected?
    • Bridging veins

    A male was stabbed in the neck with a knife and the structure indentified in the image to the left was injured. Which of the following muslces would you expect a defect in?

    1. Omohyoid (What structure was identified?)
    2. Thyrohyoid
    3. Mylohyoid
    4. Stylohyoid

    Hint

    CV and Respiratory System

    Review these systems on your own as they are the most recent block courses and allowed for a good amount of anatomical structure review. The next few slides remind you of the innervation of the corresponding systems and then have a slide of recommended concepts to review

    Cardiovascular System

    Autonomic Innervation

    Sympathetic

    Parasympathetic

    Autonomic Innervation

    Sympathetic

    Parasympathetic

    • T1-T5
    • Vagus

    Good concepts to review that were not covered in the cardiovascular system block

    • Review and be able to identify the anatomical structures of the heart
    • Review and be able to identify the vasculature of the heart
    • Review cardiac tamponade vs. pericardial effusion

    Respiratory System

    Autonomic Innervation

    Sympathetic

    Parasympathetic

    Autonomic Innervation

    Sympathetic

    Parasympathetic

    • T1-T5
    • Vagus

    Good concepts to review that were not covered in the respiratory system block

    • Review the joints of the chest wall and ribcage
    • Review the intercostal muscles and other muscles of respiration
    • Review the lymphatic drainage of the breast
    • Review thoracocentesis procedure and the relevant anatomical layers
    • Review flail chest, hemothorax, pneumothorax, and tension pneumothorax and the relevant anatomy