Explore the value chain Click on a step to learn its definition.
Note: White numbers indicate the number of companies identified at each stage of the value chain.
Source
Source actors, industrial emitters, remain at the upstream end of the chain, not yet involved in capture or storage. Many rely on biomass systems, making them well-positioned for future BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage, a process that generates energy from biomass while capturing and permanently storing the resulting CO₂ emissions) deployment. This segment gathers industrial and energy actors at the origin of CO₂ emissions, acting as the upstream foundation of the CCUS value chain. These entities are not multi-positioned, meaning they operate exclusively as emitters and are not yet involved in capture, transport, storage or utilisation activities. This reflects a still early integration of CCUS, with no current deployment of capture facilities or storage solutions among these actors. However, several source players rely on biomass and circular energy systems, making them “BECCS-ready”. While not yet active in carbon management, they represent a key strategic entry point for future CCUS deployment, particularly for negative emissions pathways.
Capture
Capture is the most innovation-intensive segment, gathering technology providers and startups developing CO₂ capture solutions. Capture actors frequently extend downstream toward storage, acting as a central node in the value chain. The capture segment is one of the most innovation-driven stages of the value chain, bringing together technology providers, startups and research actors developing solutions to separate CO₂ from emissions or the atmosphere. Unlike source, capture actors are often multi-positioned, with a strong tendency to extend downstream, primarily toward storage, which appears as the main adjacent step, and to a lesser extent toward utilisation. This reflects the emergence of integrated capture-to-storage systems in the current ecosystem. Overall, capture acts as a central node, combining high technological intensity, strong integration patterns and a relatively significant presence of nature-based approaches compared to other stages.
Transport
Transport currently functions as a downstream support function, more closely linked to storage than to capture, reflecting a value chain that is still partially fragmented, with end-to-end CCUS chains yet to fully emerge. The transport segment focuses on the movement of CO₂ toward storage or utilisation sites, mainly involving logistics and infrastructure actors. It is more strongly linked to storage than to capture, indicating that transport is currently structured as a downstream support function, enabling CO₂ transfer toward final sequestration.
Storage
Storage is the most structurally connected segment, strongly integrated with capture and hosting the highest concentration of nature-based
actors. It serves as the main convergence point between industrial CCUS and nature-based carbon dioxide removal.
The storage segment is one of the most structurally connected steps of the value chain, showing a strong correlation with capture, as many actors are positioned across both stages. This reflects the dominance of integrated capture-to-storage pathways in the ecosystem.
Based on the mapping, storage is the step with the highest concentration of nature-based actors, confirming its role as the main entry point for biological and hybrid carbon sequestration approaches.
Utilisation
Utilisation includes converting CO₂ into fuels, chemicals or materials. This step of the value chain remains smaller and more fragmented. Despite strong potential, capture-to-utilisation pathways are less developed than capture-to-storage configurations. The utilisation segment refers to the conversion of captured CO₂ into value-added products such as fuels, chemicals or materials.
Actors in this segment are often technologically specialised and frequently multi-positioned, with a strong connection to capture, from which they source CO₂. This reflects the development of integrated capture-to-utilisation pathways, although these remain less systematic than capture-to-storage configurations.
Monetisation
Monetisation supports carbon market mechanisms and credit generation across the chain. Its limited integration with operational segments signals that the link between carbon management and market mechanisms is still maturing. The monetisation segment includes activities related to carbon markets, certification and financial mechanisms that generate economic value from CO₂ management.
Unlike other steps, monetisation actors are not physically embedded in the value chain and show limited multi-positioning with operational stages. Instead, they act as a horizontal layer, interacting indirectly with all steps by enabling measurement, verification and carbon credit generation.
Source
Source refers to industrial sites generating concentrated CO₂ emissions that are technically capturable, and whose processes cannot be decarbonised through electrification or hydrogen substitution. These so called hard-to-abate sectors, including cement production, waste incineration and bioenergy facilities, represent residual emission sources for which CCUS is considered one of the few viable decarbonisation pathways, in line with national and European climate frameworks.
Monetisation
Actors in this segment either enable carbon pricing and develop financial mechanisms supporting CCUS deployment, or help stakeholders understand and navigate these financing frameworks, including carbon credit platforms, trading systems, and other market-based instruments.
Utilisation
Technological pathways converting CO₂ into products (e-fuels, polymers, chemicals), agrifood applications, or bio based products.
Transport
CO₂ logistics actors including pipeline operators, cryogenic truck transporters, rail and shipping logistics firms, hazardous material transport specialists and logistics hubs enabling CO₂ flows.
Storage
As Luxembourg has no geological storage potential, storage activities refer to permanent or semi-permanent storage solutions in materials (wood, biochar, concrete, mineralisation).
Capture
Entities positioned in the capture step of the value chain develop and market capture systems and technologies (post combustion, oxy fuel, DAC - Direct Air Capture, i.e. technologies that capture CO₂ directly from ambient air,membranes, cryogenic).
CCUS F&F FIGURE
LXI
Created on May 12, 2026
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Transcript
Explore the value chain Click on a step to learn its definition.
Note: White numbers indicate the number of companies identified at each stage of the value chain.
Source
Source actors, industrial emitters, remain at the upstream end of the chain, not yet involved in capture or storage. Many rely on biomass systems, making them well-positioned for future BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage, a process that generates energy from biomass while capturing and permanently storing the resulting CO₂ emissions) deployment. This segment gathers industrial and energy actors at the origin of CO₂ emissions, acting as the upstream foundation of the CCUS value chain. These entities are not multi-positioned, meaning they operate exclusively as emitters and are not yet involved in capture, transport, storage or utilisation activities. This reflects a still early integration of CCUS, with no current deployment of capture facilities or storage solutions among these actors. However, several source players rely on biomass and circular energy systems, making them “BECCS-ready”. While not yet active in carbon management, they represent a key strategic entry point for future CCUS deployment, particularly for negative emissions pathways.
Capture
Capture is the most innovation-intensive segment, gathering technology providers and startups developing CO₂ capture solutions. Capture actors frequently extend downstream toward storage, acting as a central node in the value chain. The capture segment is one of the most innovation-driven stages of the value chain, bringing together technology providers, startups and research actors developing solutions to separate CO₂ from emissions or the atmosphere. Unlike source, capture actors are often multi-positioned, with a strong tendency to extend downstream, primarily toward storage, which appears as the main adjacent step, and to a lesser extent toward utilisation. This reflects the emergence of integrated capture-to-storage systems in the current ecosystem. Overall, capture acts as a central node, combining high technological intensity, strong integration patterns and a relatively significant presence of nature-based approaches compared to other stages.
Transport
Transport currently functions as a downstream support function, more closely linked to storage than to capture, reflecting a value chain that is still partially fragmented, with end-to-end CCUS chains yet to fully emerge. The transport segment focuses on the movement of CO₂ toward storage or utilisation sites, mainly involving logistics and infrastructure actors. It is more strongly linked to storage than to capture, indicating that transport is currently structured as a downstream support function, enabling CO₂ transfer toward final sequestration.
Storage
Storage is the most structurally connected segment, strongly integrated with capture and hosting the highest concentration of nature-based actors. It serves as the main convergence point between industrial CCUS and nature-based carbon dioxide removal. The storage segment is one of the most structurally connected steps of the value chain, showing a strong correlation with capture, as many actors are positioned across both stages. This reflects the dominance of integrated capture-to-storage pathways in the ecosystem. Based on the mapping, storage is the step with the highest concentration of nature-based actors, confirming its role as the main entry point for biological and hybrid carbon sequestration approaches.
Utilisation
Utilisation includes converting CO₂ into fuels, chemicals or materials. This step of the value chain remains smaller and more fragmented. Despite strong potential, capture-to-utilisation pathways are less developed than capture-to-storage configurations. The utilisation segment refers to the conversion of captured CO₂ into value-added products such as fuels, chemicals or materials. Actors in this segment are often technologically specialised and frequently multi-positioned, with a strong connection to capture, from which they source CO₂. This reflects the development of integrated capture-to-utilisation pathways, although these remain less systematic than capture-to-storage configurations.
Monetisation
Monetisation supports carbon market mechanisms and credit generation across the chain. Its limited integration with operational segments signals that the link between carbon management and market mechanisms is still maturing. The monetisation segment includes activities related to carbon markets, certification and financial mechanisms that generate economic value from CO₂ management. Unlike other steps, monetisation actors are not physically embedded in the value chain and show limited multi-positioning with operational stages. Instead, they act as a horizontal layer, interacting indirectly with all steps by enabling measurement, verification and carbon credit generation.
Source
Source refers to industrial sites generating concentrated CO₂ emissions that are technically capturable, and whose processes cannot be decarbonised through electrification or hydrogen substitution. These so called hard-to-abate sectors, including cement production, waste incineration and bioenergy facilities, represent residual emission sources for which CCUS is considered one of the few viable decarbonisation pathways, in line with national and European climate frameworks.
Monetisation
Actors in this segment either enable carbon pricing and develop financial mechanisms supporting CCUS deployment, or help stakeholders understand and navigate these financing frameworks, including carbon credit platforms, trading systems, and other market-based instruments.
Utilisation
Technological pathways converting CO₂ into products (e-fuels, polymers, chemicals), agrifood applications, or bio based products.
Transport
CO₂ logistics actors including pipeline operators, cryogenic truck transporters, rail and shipping logistics firms, hazardous material transport specialists and logistics hubs enabling CO₂ flows.
Storage
As Luxembourg has no geological storage potential, storage activities refer to permanent or semi-permanent storage solutions in materials (wood, biochar, concrete, mineralisation).
Capture
Entities positioned in the capture step of the value chain develop and market capture systems and technologies (post combustion, oxy fuel, DAC - Direct Air Capture, i.e. technologies that capture CO₂ directly from ambient air,membranes, cryogenic).