The Nutritional Biology of Gallina Pinta

The Nutritional Biology of Gallina Pinta

How a traditional meal fuels metabolism, health, and performance Lissi Montoya

Table of Contents

1. What it is + why it matters ... pg 1 2. Nutritional Info ... pg 1 3. Macronutrient metabolism ... pg 1 4. Pathway Regulation ... pg 2 5. Upregulation & Downregulation ... pg 2 6. Activated & Repressed Enzymes ... pg 2 7. Health Effects ... pg 3 8. Uncontrolled Diabetes ... pg 3 9. Health Evaluation ... pg 3 10. Summary ... pg 4 11. Key Takeways ... pg 4 12. Citations ... pg 5

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The Nutritional Biology of Gallina Pinta

How a traditional meal fuels metabolism, health, and performance Lissi Montoya

What it is + Why it Matters

Gallina pinta is a traditional Sonoran dish made with beef, hominy, and beans. This meal is important to me because it connects me to my culture while also supporting my active lifestyle. It provides a balance of carbohydrates, protein, and fat that fuel energy and recovery.

Nutrition Info for Gallina Pinta

Macronutrient Metabolism

Carbs

Protein

Fat

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Metabolic Pathways

Pathway Regulation

After a meal, insulin shifts the body into an anabolic state by increasing nutrient storage and decreasing energy breakdown pathways (Norton et al., 2022).

Upregulated

Downregulated

Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis Fatty acid oxidation

Glycolysis Glycogenesis Protein synthesis Lipogenesis

Activated

Repressed

Hexokinase Glycogen synthase PDH ACC

HSL Glycogen phosphorylase PEPCK

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Health Effects of Gallina Pinta

• Fiber reduces inflammation (Mansouri et al., 2024).
• Sodium increases blood pressure(Lichtenstein et al., 2021).
• Fat may increase LDL (Freeman et al., 2018)
• Balanced macros support metabolism
• Genes: PPAR-γ, NF-κB

Uncontrolled Diabetes

Cellular

Organism

reduced glucose uptake (Samuel & Shulman, 2016) increased gluconeogenesis increased lipolysis decreased protein synthesis

hyperglycemia dyslipidemia muscle loss hypertension

Health Evalulation

Is This Meal Healthy?

Meets AMDR & supports RDA for protein and fiber Sustainable meal for energy Fiber protective, sodium risk

*Substitution tips!

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Summary & Key Takeaways

Gallina pinta is a balanced meal that supports energy production, muscle repair, and nutrient storage. It provides fiber and protein that benefit overall health, but its high sodium content may increase cardiovascular risk if consumed frequently (Lichtenstein et al., 2021).

+ -> +

Protein → muscle repair Fat → storage or energy

Glucose → glycolysis → ATP or glycogen storage

Supports Health

Monitor Intake

Balanced Nutrition

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Citations

1. Freeman, A. M., Morris, P. B., Aspry, K., Gordon, N. F., Barnard, N. D., Esselstyn, C. B., Ros, E., Devries, S., O’Keefe, J., Miller, M., Ornish, D., Williams, K. A., Batts, T., Ostfeld, R. J., Litwin, S., Aggarwal, M., Werner, A., Allen, K., White, B., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2018). A clinician’s guide for trending cardiovascular nutrition controversies: Part II. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(5), 553–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.030 2. Lichtenstein, A. H., Appel, L. J., Vadiveloo, M., Hu, F. B., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Rebholz, C. M., Sacks, F. M., Thorndike, A. N., Van Horn, L., Wylie-Rosett, J., & others. (2021). 2021 dietary guidance to improve cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 144(23), e472–e487. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031 3. Mansouri, F., de Simone, G., Bordoni, L., & Gabbianelli, R. (2024). The effects of nonsoy legumes consumption on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 4. Norton, L., Shannon, C., Gastaldelli, A., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2022). Insulin: The master regulator of glucose metabolism. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 129, 155142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155142 5. Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2016). The pathogenesis of insulin resistance: Integrating signaling pathways and substrate flux. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI77812

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High sodium may increase blood pressure if consumed often.

Gallina pinta is a balanced meal that provides carbohydrates, protein, and fat to support energy production, muscle repair, and overall metabolism. It also contains fiber from beans, which supports digestion, and sodium, which helps regulate fluid balance but may be high in this meal.

Total CHO - 80 g Total fiber - 16.6 g Soluble / Insoluble Fiber - 6.0 g / 10.6 g Total fat - 18.6 g Saturated fat - 7.6 g Omega 3 FAs - 0.33 g Omega 6 FAs - 0.70 g Total protein - 38.6 g Total sodium - 2408 mg -

Fiber supports gut health and reduces disease risk.

Protein

Amino acids → muscle repair or energy

Provides carbohydrates, protein, and fat to support metabolism and performance.

Carbohydrates

Glucose → glycolysis → ATP or glycogen

Fat

Stored or used for energy