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Rhoades, Taylor - NSC 408 Final Project

Taylor Rhoades

Created on April 24, 2026

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Transcript

Discovering the Nutritional Biology of My Favorite Meal

By Taylor Rhoades

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Epigenome Effects

Key Enzymes

Importance of My Meal

Macronutrient Metabolism in Cancer

How This Meal Affects My Health

Macronutrient Metbolism

Macronutrient Metabolism Review Video

Is My Meal Healthy?

Inflammation

Sustainability, Chronic Disease, & Substitutions

Metabolism Regulation

CVD Risk

Closure

Transcription Changes

Pathway Interactions

IMPORTANCE OF MY MEAL

Hot honey sweet potato beef bowl with cottage cheese and avocado
  • Affordable.
  • Quick and easy.
  • Satiating.

Macronutrient metabolism

Protein
Fat
Carbohydrate
  • Transamination
  • Deamination
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Protein Turnover
  • Glycogenesis
  • Glycolysis
  • Acetyl-CoA Production
  • Electron Transport Chain
  • Glycogenolysis
  • De Novo Lipogenesis
  • Cholesterol

MACRONUTRIENT METABOLISM REVIEW

METABOLISM REGULATION

  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Protein Degradation
  • Lipolysis
  • Beta-Oxidation
  • Ketogenesis
  • Cholesterol Synthesis
  • Transamination
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Deamination
  • Urea Cycle
  • De Novo Lipogenesis
  • Glycogenesis
  • Glycolysis
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
Up-Regulated
Down-Regulated

PATHWAY INTERACTIONS

Decrease Catabolic Pathways

GLycolysis --> Acetyl-CoA --> ATP/Fatty Acids

Nitrogen --> Urea Cycle Carbon Skeletons --> Energy

Transamination --> Build Proteins/Metabolic Intermediates

KEY ENZYMES

  • Aminotransferases
  • mTOR Pathway
  • Glutamate Dehydrogenase
  • Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I
  • Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase,
  • Fatty Acid Synthase
  • Lipoprotein Lipase
  • Glycogen Synthase
  • Glucokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase-1
  • Pyruvate Kinase
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
  • PEPCK
  • Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase
  • Glucose-6-Phosphatase
  • Hormone-Sensitive Lipase
  • Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I
  • HMG-CoA Synthase
Up-Regulated
Down-Regulated

HOW DOES THIS MEAL AFFECT MY HEALTH?

INFLAMMATION

Omega-6 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

CVD RISK

worsens
Improves
  • Fiber
  • Antioxidants
  • Healthy Fats
  • Ground Beef
  • Cottage Cheese

UP-REGULATED

DOWN-REGULATED

  • Lipid Synthesis Genes
  • Inflammatory Genes*
  • Fatty Oxidation Genes
  • Gluconeogenesis Genes
  • Inflammatory Genes*

TRANSCRIPTION CHANGES

WOULD THIS MEAL AFFECT MY EPIGENOME?

SWEET POTATOES/AVOCADO

METHIONINE, B12, 6, 2

HOT HONEY

GROUND BEEF

MACRONUTRIENT METABOLISM IN CANCER

INCREASED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES/N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS

INCREASED GLYCOLYSIS

INCREASED LIPID & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

IS MY MEAL HEALTHY?

Demographics = 26 year old female, mainly sedentary lifestyle AMDR:

  • Protein = 10-35%
  • Carbohydrates = 45-65%
  • Fats = 20-35%

SUBSTITUTIONS

CHRONIC DISEASE

  • Plant-Based Proteins
  • Salmon
  • Hot Sauce/Spices
  • Greek Yogurt
  • Increased Vegetables

SUSTAINABILITY

Meal impact is mixed - Depends on portion sizes and frequency of meal.

Sustinable = Sweet Potatoes, Olive Oil Less Sustainable - Ground Beef, Cottage Cheese

THANK YOU!