5.1.2
Integrated Campaign Development
Module: M1 | Type: Interactive Session
This publicactuin has been funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union under the project POWER - Prevention Of Weaponization and Enhancing Resilience against Security-related Disinformation on Clean Energy (Reference: 2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Introduction
Understanding how information shapes public opinion has become a crucial skill in today’s digital world. As we begin this course, we’ll take a closer look at the information landscape we navigate every day. In this first session, you’ll learn what sets misinformation, disinformation and malinformation apart, and explore how narratives spread across the online ecosystem. We’ll examine how these dynamics influence public debate and affect both society and the environment. To start, we’ll take a short interactive poll to reflect on our own experiences with online information.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
OER Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
Identify and distinguish between different information disorders based on intent and accuracy.
Comprehend how narratives spread and amplify across the online ecosystem and social media.
Assess the consequences of information disorders on public debate, society, and the environment.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
00
BEfore we begin...
To explore information disorders, let’s start by reflecting on how you experience misleading or harmful content in your daily information environment.
Start
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
01
Subtítulo
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Defining the Three Types OF INFORMATION DISORDER
The Information Disorder Framework ( Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017) categorizes problematic content based on the intersection of Truth and Intent: Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent. Disinformation: False information created and shared to cause harm. Malinformation: Genuine information shared to cause harm (e.g., leaks).
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Mis-information
Mis-information
Mis-information
Malinformation: Genuine information shared to cause harm (e.g., leaks).
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Disinformation: False information created and shared to cause harm.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Defining INFORMATION DISORDERs
Distinguishing these phenomena is essential, especially when differentiating between disinformation and misinformation.
Remember: a simple way to navigate this complexity is to focus on impact. If it causes harm, think disinformation; if it doesn’t, think misinformation. But even harmless mistakes can be picked up and weaponised by malicious actors, which is why the line between both concepts is never as clean as it seems.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
01
Subtítulo
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Instructions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosión de la Confianza Deslegitimación de las instituciones, la ciencia y los medios como fuentes de verdad compartida. Polarización Afectiva Fragmentación de la sociedad en "burbujas" con identidades enfrentadas e incapaces de diálogo. Contagio Emocional Uso del miedo y la indignación para acelerar la viralidad y anular el pensamiento crítico.
Erosion of Public Trust
Affective Polarisation
Emotional Contagion
Democratic Quality
Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty.
Agenda Capture
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Behavioural Modification
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty.
Agenda Capture
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Behavioural Modification
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Behavioural Modification
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosión de la Confianza Deslegitimación de las instituciones, la ciencia y los medios como fuentes de verdad compartida. Polarización Afectiva Fragmentación de la sociedad en "burbujas" con identidades enfrentadas e incapaces de diálogo. Contagio Emocional Uso del miedo y la indignación para acelerar la viralidad y anular el pensamiento crítico.
Erosion of Public Trust
Affective Polarisation
Emotional Contagion
Democratic Quality
Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty.
Agenda Capture
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Behavioural Modification
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty.
Agenda Capture
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Behavioural Modification
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Behavioural Modification
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
ow it’s time to put what you’ve learned into action
Botón texto
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Título 2
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q2. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q3. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q3. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Well
Done
POWERInformation that drives the energy of tomorrow
power.ciberimaginario.es
This publicactuin has been funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union under the project POWER - Prevention Of Weaponization and Enhancing Resilience against Security-related Disinformation on Clean Energy (Reference: 2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
This “false information” isn’t limited to completely fabricated facts — it can also include manipulated content, selective editing, misleading framing, or real information taken out of context. These techniques make harmful messages appear credible, increasing their impact and reach.
This Open Educational Resource (OER) has been developed as part of the POWER Project educational platform. This interactive session builds directly on the lecture on Clean Energy Technologies (2.1.1) by putting theory into practice: you will explore real energy generation data from the POWER partner countries — Romania, Spain, Malta, and Moldova — using interactive visualisations based on Eurostat and IRENA open data. By comparing how each country generates its electricity, you will understand the different energy profiles across Europe, identify which clean energy technologies play the largest role in each national context, and discuss which technologies are most vulnerable to disinformation campaigns and why. This resource is designed for both guided classroom use and autonomous online exploration.
Main learning questions addressed:
- What does the energy mix of Romania, Spain, Malta, and Moldova look like, and how do they differ?
- Which clean energy sources dominate in each country, and what geographical or policy factors explain these differences?
- How has the share of renewables evolved over the past decade in each country?
- Which clean energy technologies are most targeted by disinformation, and why might their role in the national mix make them more vulnerable?
Malinformation includes:
Leaks & DoxingThe exposure of private data, such as personal records, private audio recordings, internal emails, or documents, intended to cause personal or professional harm
Context StrippingUsing selective exposure and malicious amplification to present factual information without its original context, distorting its meaning to mislead the public.
Strategic Timing Releasing truthful information at a calculated moment—such as just before elections or major negotiations—to maximize reputational damage.
Illegal Disclosure Disclosing genuine information that was obtained through illegal means, including hacking, unauthorized access, or data theft.
The traditional media, although no longer holding a monopoly over information, remain central actors in producing verified news and shaping public understanding. Their credibility and broad reach make them frequent targets of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining trust in journalism. At the same time, they can become unintentional amplifiers of misinformation when the pressure to publish quickly leads to the circulation of unverified claims.
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
Instructions
- Explore the chart. Each line represents one of the four POWER partner countries.
- Answer these questions:
- How has the share of renewables in electricity generation changed over the past decade?
- Select a country to see its trajectory. Which country has grown fastest?
- Has any country gone backwards?
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
Influencers and micro‑influencers play a significant role in how content spreads online, largely because of the trust they build within their communities. Some of them take on the role of false experts, presenting themselves as authorities without the training or credentials to support their claims, which increases their ability to shape public opinion. This mix of proximity and perceived credibility makes them frequent amplifiers of misinformation and, in some cases, distributors of disinformation when they repeat or promote manipulated narratives.
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
The traditional media, although no longer holding a monopoly over information, remain central actors in producing verified news and shaping public understanding. Their credibility and broad reach make them frequent targets of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining trust in journalism. At the same time, they can become unintentional amplifiers of misinformation when the pressure to publish quickly leads to the circulation of unverified claims.
113-POWER-Lecture
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Transcript
5.1.2
Integrated Campaign Development
Module: M1 | Type: Interactive Session
This publicactuin has been funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union under the project POWER - Prevention Of Weaponization and Enhancing Resilience against Security-related Disinformation on Clean Energy (Reference: 2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Introduction
Understanding how information shapes public opinion has become a crucial skill in today’s digital world. As we begin this course, we’ll take a closer look at the information landscape we navigate every day. In this first session, you’ll learn what sets misinformation, disinformation and malinformation apart, and explore how narratives spread across the online ecosystem. We’ll examine how these dynamics influence public debate and affect both society and the environment. To start, we’ll take a short interactive poll to reflect on our own experiences with online information.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
OER Learning Objectives
By the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
Identify and distinguish between different information disorders based on intent and accuracy.
Comprehend how narratives spread and amplify across the online ecosystem and social media.
Assess the consequences of information disorders on public debate, society, and the environment.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
00
BEfore we begin...
To explore information disorders, let’s start by reflecting on how you experience misleading or harmful content in your daily information environment.
Start
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
01
Subtítulo
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Defining the Three Types OF INFORMATION DISORDER
The Information Disorder Framework ( Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017) categorizes problematic content based on the intersection of Truth and Intent: Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent. Disinformation: False information created and shared to cause harm. Malinformation: Genuine information shared to cause harm (e.g., leaks).
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Mis-information
Mis-information
Mis-information
Malinformation: Genuine information shared to cause harm (e.g., leaks).
Misinformation: False information shared without a harmful intent.
Disinformation: False information created and shared to cause harm.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Defining INFORMATION DISORDERs
Distinguishing these phenomena is essential, especially when differentiating between disinformation and misinformation.
Remember: a simple way to navigate this complexity is to focus on impact. If it causes harm, think disinformation; if it doesn’t, think misinformation. But even harmless mistakes can be picked up and weaponised by malicious actors, which is why the line between both concepts is never as clean as it seems.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
01
Subtítulo
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Instructions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosión de la Confianza Deslegitimación de las instituciones, la ciencia y los medios como fuentes de verdad compartida. Polarización Afectiva Fragmentación de la sociedad en "burbujas" con identidades enfrentadas e incapaces de diálogo. Contagio Emocional Uso del miedo y la indignación para acelerar la viralidad y anular el pensamiento crítico.
Erosion of Public Trust
Affective Polarisation
Emotional Contagion
Democratic Quality Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty. Agenda Capture Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues. Behavioural Modification Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty. Agenda Capture Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues. Behavioural Modification Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Behavioural Modification
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosion of Public Trust
Erosión de la Confianza Deslegitimación de las instituciones, la ciencia y los medios como fuentes de verdad compartida. Polarización Afectiva Fragmentación de la sociedad en "burbujas" con identidades enfrentadas e incapaces de diálogo. Contagio Emocional Uso del miedo y la indignación para acelerar la viralidad y anular el pensamiento crítico.
Erosion of Public Trust
Affective Polarisation
Emotional Contagion
Democratic Quality Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty. Agenda Capture Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues. Behavioural Modification Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality Voting and participation decisions grounded in false premises, weakening genuine democratic sovereignty. Agenda Capture Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues. Behavioural Modification Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions.
Democratic Quality
Behavioural Modification
Diversion of public attention toward manufactured controversies, preventing debate on substantive societal issues.
Use of opaque micro‑targeting to influence electoral behaviour and public‑health decisions
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
ow it’s time to put what you’ve learned into action
Botón texto
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Título 2
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Dataviz: Energy mixes compared
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q2. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q3. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Q3. EU ACTION AGAINST DISINFORMATION
Test your knowledge
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
Well
Done
POWERInformation that drives the energy of tomorrow
power.ciberimaginario.es
This publicactuin has been funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union under the project POWER - Prevention Of Weaponization and Enhancing Resilience against Security-related Disinformation on Clean Energy (Reference: 2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can be held responsible for them.
POWER Project [2024-1-RO01-KA220-HED-000245038]
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
This “false information” isn’t limited to completely fabricated facts — it can also include manipulated content, selective editing, misleading framing, or real information taken out of context. These techniques make harmful messages appear credible, increasing their impact and reach.
This Open Educational Resource (OER) has been developed as part of the POWER Project educational platform. This interactive session builds directly on the lecture on Clean Energy Technologies (2.1.1) by putting theory into practice: you will explore real energy generation data from the POWER partner countries — Romania, Spain, Malta, and Moldova — using interactive visualisations based on Eurostat and IRENA open data. By comparing how each country generates its electricity, you will understand the different energy profiles across Europe, identify which clean energy technologies play the largest role in each national context, and discuss which technologies are most vulnerable to disinformation campaigns and why. This resource is designed for both guided classroom use and autonomous online exploration.
Main learning questions addressed:
Malinformation includes:
Leaks & DoxingThe exposure of private data, such as personal records, private audio recordings, internal emails, or documents, intended to cause personal or professional harm
Context StrippingUsing selective exposure and malicious amplification to present factual information without its original context, distorting its meaning to mislead the public.
Strategic Timing Releasing truthful information at a calculated moment—such as just before elections or major negotiations—to maximize reputational damage.
Illegal Disclosure Disclosing genuine information that was obtained through illegal means, including hacking, unauthorized access, or data theft.
The traditional media, although no longer holding a monopoly over information, remain central actors in producing verified news and shaping public understanding. Their credibility and broad reach make them frequent targets of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining trust in journalism. At the same time, they can become unintentional amplifiers of misinformation when the pressure to publish quickly leads to the circulation of unverified claims.
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
Instructions
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
Influencers and micro‑influencers play a significant role in how content spreads online, largely because of the trust they build within their communities. Some of them take on the role of false experts, presenting themselves as authorities without the training or credentials to support their claims, which increases their ability to shape public opinion. This mix of proximity and perceived credibility makes them frequent amplifiers of misinformation and, in some cases, distributors of disinformation when they repeat or promote manipulated narratives.
This kind of “false information” can include content taken out of context, misinterpreted data, or inaccurate claims that people share because they believe they are true. There is no deliberate attempt to deceive, but the impact can still be significant, as misleading content spreads quickly and shapes how people understand events.
The traditional media, although no longer holding a monopoly over information, remain central actors in producing verified news and shaping public understanding. Their credibility and broad reach make them frequent targets of disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining trust in journalism. At the same time, they can become unintentional amplifiers of misinformation when the pressure to publish quickly leads to the circulation of unverified claims.