William Hull Un-Essay Project

Welcome to the Interactive Map

• In my map, you will encounter several interactive elements, here is a key for them all:
• Click the red arrows to continue to the next era or go back to the world map
• Click on country names to take a deeper dive

• Click on the eye icon to explore the continent

Germany

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Automobile Industry WorldWide

ARCTICOCEAN

Asia

NorthAmerica

EUROPE

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

INDIANOCEAN

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Autombile Industry in Europe - 1920s

• Expand of U.S. presence globally
• End of 1920s, the Ford company had established more than 20 overseas assembly plants in Europe, Latin America, Canada, Asia, South Africa, and Australia
• By 1920, expanded to these European countries: England, France, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Turkey
• Europe was following in the footsteps of the United States in producing a mass market

Great Britain

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Germany

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Legend

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Autombile Industry in Europe - 1960s

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• Germany began to emerge as a top competitor with the United States
• Very interested in the Ford company and their methods as they called it "Fordismus"
• Ford had now expanded to Hungary, Finland, Sweden, Portugal

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Germany

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Legend

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Autombile Industry in Europe - 1970s and 80s

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• European countries began to make up a much larger portion of the automobile industry as the United States was affected by the oil embargo
• Began to produce more affordable cars in Europe

• No new Ford assembly plants as Ford and other major American companies began to buy and sell European companies

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Germany

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Legend

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Automobile Industry in the U.S. - 1920s

• In the 1920s, America experienced significant tranformation and growth. The automobile industry became the cornerstone of the national economy and there was an increased production of autombiles from 2.3 million in 1920 to over 5 million by 1929.
• Overall, this helped the United States rise as an economic power
• Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler dominated the market
• Federal highway act 1921 funded construction of network routes connecting cities and towns, causing more demand for cars
• Expand of U.S. presence globally
• End of 1920s, the Ford company had established more than 20 overseas assembly plants in Europe, Latin America, Canada, Asia, South Africa, and Australia

United States

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Automobile Industry in the U.S. - 1960s

• Vibrant ad transformative period marked by significant growth and innovation
• Shift from extravagant styles to more compact vehicles
• U.S. produced 8.2 million cars in 1969 compared to second ranking West Germanies 2.9 million and third ranking Japans 2.6 million

United states

the Big Three

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Automobile Industry in the U.S. - 1970s and 80s

• Period of challanges and transformation
• Jump from 6.5 million cars to 9.7 million cars
• Arab Oil Embargo in 1973 caused decrease in demand for cars as they became too expensive
• Competition between other countries such as Germany and Japan grew susbtantially

United states

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Autombile Industry in Asia - 1920s

• Ford establish assembly plants in Japan and India
• Also introduced their production methods to these countries
• Japananese produced 0.1% of automobiles in the world compared to United States companies more than 80%

Japan

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Legend

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Autombile Industry in Asia - 1960s

• Japanese companies such as Toyota and Nissan made up 60% of the market in Japan
• Toyota and Nissan also sold 260,000 cars in the United States
• Began to take over the market in United States
• Just like countries in Europe, countries in Asia were also following in the mass production footsteps of the United States
• Ford established an assembly plant in the Phillipines
• Japan began to rise in the automobile market

Japan

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Legend

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Autombile Industry in Asia - 1970s and 80s

• 1970s Japanese companies came into the United States market
• After Oil Embargo in 1973, Japan began producing more fuel-efficient cars and making cars appealing to the American eye
• 1980 Japan overtook United States as leading world automobile producer

• Price of Japanese cars rose
• 1980 Japanese companies produced 7 million automobiles compard to 6.4 million in the United States

Japan

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Legend

Germany and Volkswagon

In 1972, the Volkswagon Beetle became the bets selling car in the world.

US Exports

Steel:

Oil:

In the early 1900s, the United States also produced mass amounts of steel. With the introduction of the assembly line, Ford began to use more steel in their automobile production and even aded steelmaking furnaces to their factories. With American companies expansion abroad, the U.S. exported large amounts of steel to other countries.

In the early 1900s the United States was the leading exporter of oil. Oil was an essential source to powering vehicles.

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Ford assembly plants

Germany and Ford

Germany was very interested in mass production and following in the footsteps of Ford. But, this was interupted due to World War II. Post-war, Germany began producing the Volkswagon. Through the Marshall Plan, the U.S. supplied the necessary funding and materials to rebuild the company.

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Ford assembly plants

Japan enters into the industry

Japan just began to enter into the autombile indusry and was not gaining much ground. But, they were relying on U.S. influence to learn more about the industry and ways of production as Ford established assembly plants within the country. Overall, The U.S. dominated in the automobile industry in Japan during the 1920s.

Ford assemby plant in Japan

U.s. Exports

Oil:

Steel:

During the 70s and 80s, the U.S, lost a lot of ground in the oil industry. The Middle East and other countries began to flourish in this area. In 1973, there was a cut in oil production and shipments to the U.S. by Saudia Arabia (Arab Oil Embargo of 1973). This caused a lack of gas and increase in the cost of automobiles leading to a decline in production and demand.

U.S. steel production took a massive turn backward during the 70s and 80s as other countries in Europe and Asia began to produce more steel. The U.S. share of the industry decreased massively.

For example: Ford created the Ford Mustang in the mid-1960s. Smaller cars such as this one were adopted world wide by other companies.

Expansion within U.S.

The big three (Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors) began to open new production plants in the South and California. These companies also began playing with new designs of cars after a new consumer demand.

Ford Mustang

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Ford Assembly Plants

General Motors

By continueing their influence in Europe, General Motors also bought the German car company Opel in 1929.

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Ford assembly plants

General Motors

During the early 1900s, Britains automobile production was increasing steadily. Just like Ford, General Motors also entered into the European market in the early 1900s. The company then expanded by purchasing Vauxhall in 1925, a British company. and began to take over the British automobile industry

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Ford assembly plants

Japan's innovations and the Deming cycle

Japan began swicthing to making smaller and more affordable cars:

The Deming Cycle:

W. Edwards Deming was an American who gave lectures in Japan about the Deming Cycle. This cycle was a system created to improve product quality. The Japanese adopted this and applied it in their automobile industry, which played a significant role in the success of Toyota.

1960 Nissan Datsun 1200 Sedan

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Ford assembly plants

Japan's relations with the U.S.

• 1981: the Japanese foreign minister came to the United States to negotiate the trade between the two nations. In the end, they agreed that the United States would be limited to 1.68 million units per year for a two year period. But, this number would increase if the automobile industry in the United states began to thrive again.
• Due to these negotiations, the relationshiop between the United States and Japan became better.
• The big three companies all developed relationships with Japanese car companies
• E.g. General Motors studied Toyota's techniques in poducing cars

Detroit

Detroit was named "Motor City" as it become the automotive center of the United States in the 20th century and continued to the 1960s.

U.S. Exports

Oil:

Steel:

With the creation of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the United States began to lose their domination in oil production and exported less and less as the decade went on.

The Steel industry continued floursing and peaked at the end of the decade with a high demand of steel abroad due to World War II.