vera rubin
Donne con i numeri
Botto Sofia, Mastorchio Tommaso, Ricossa Anita
Indice
video
Vera rubin
sfide
Anni 60-70
Formazione
citazoni
conclusione
Ricerche
Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-2016)
- Nata a Philadelphia (23/07/1928) da famiglia ebrea di immigrati - 14 anni: costruisce un telescopio con l'aiuto del padre - Non segue i consigli degli insegnanti che cercano di allontanarla dalla scienza in quanto donna - Prova l'esistenza della materia oscura - Simbolo della lotta per l'uguaglianza di genere nella scienza
Istruzione e sfide
- "fai quello che vuoi, ma non facoltà scientifiche"
- Vassar College: scuola femminile dove ottiene il bachelor in astronomia nel 1948 e incontra il futuro marito Bob Rubin
- Esclusione da Princeton: l'iscrizione al master viene rifiutata perché le donne non erano ammesse ai corsi di astronomia (fino al 1975)
- Cornell University: ottiene la laurea magistrale (master’s degree) nel 1951
- Georgetown University: consegue il dottorato (PhD) nel 1954 sotto la guida di George Gamow
Formazione
1. Laurea magistrale alla Cornell University (1951) - Analisi dei moti di 109 galassie - Ipotesi: l’intero universo potrebbe essere in rotazione attorno a un polo - Tesi poi confutata, ma fu tra le prime osservazioni delle deviazioni dal flusso di Hubble e accese importanti dibattiti sui movimenti galattici 2. Dottorato alla Georgetown University (1954) - Supervisore: George Gamow - Scopre che le galassie non sono distribuite in modo casuale, ma formano raggruppamenti (ammassi) - Scoperta oggi fondamentale, ma all’epoca controversa - Questa scoperta viene ignorata per vent’anni prima di essere riconosciuta
I suoi studi
- Prova della materia oscura
- Le stelle esterne alla galassia ruotano alla stessa velocità di quelle centrali
- Distribuzione delle galassie
- Le galassie si aggregano in gruppi, detti ammassi
- Anomalia nell'espansione dell'universo: le galassie mostrano deviazioni dal flusso di Hubble (movimenti su larga scala)
- Controrotazione e fusioni galattiche
- Sistemi di gas o stelle che ruotano in senso opposto - Prime prove di fusioni tra galassie
- Atlante delle galassie con anelli polari
- Documentazione sistematica di queste strutture, utili per studiare la formazione delle galassie
VIDEo
Materia oscura anni 60-70
1. Collaborazione con Kent Ford (1965)- Entra nel Dipartimento di Magnetismo Terrestre della Carnegie Institution di Washington - Kent Ford in questi anni aveva costruito uno spettrografo a tubo d’immagine molto preciso - Iniziano a collaborare, insieme studiano la rotazione della galassia di Andromeda - Raccolgono i dati che forniscono la prova dell’esistenza della materia oscura2. Prima donna autorizzata all’Osservatorio di Monte Palomar (1965) - Supera i pregiudizi che avevano bloccato altre colleghe in precedenza - L’osservatorio non aveva bagni per donne (era frequentato solo da uomini) - Vera ritaglia un pezzo di carta a forma di gonna e lo applica sulla sagoma maschile della porta: «Ecco fatto. Ora il bagno per le donne c’è»
Citazioni
"Non lasciate che nessuno vi dica che non siete bravi abbastanza... Il mio insegnante di scienze mi disse che non ero abbastanza brava in scienze… e guardate dove sono arrivata!"
Vera Rubin
“I live and work with three basic assumptions: 1) There is no problem in science that can be solved by a man that cannot be solved by a woman. 2) Worldwide, half of all brains are in women. 3) We all need permission to do science, but, for reasons that are deeply ingrained in history, this permission is more often given to men than to women.”
Vera Rubin in “Opening the Doors,” 1990 talk published in Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, p. 174
Grazie per l'attenzione
Botto Sofia, Mastorchio Tommaso, Ricossa Anita
GalLERY
VIdeo II
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- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
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Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
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- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
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- Activate and surprise your audience.
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Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Bring it to life with an interactive window
Create a new layer with all the Genially features.
- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
- Activate and surprise your audience.
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- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Use this space to add awesome interactivity. Include text, images, videos, tables, PDFs... even interactive questions! Premium tip: Get information on how your audience interacts with your creation:
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- Generate experiences with your content.
- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
Got an idea?
Use this space to add awesome interactivity. Include text, images, videos, tables, PDFs... even interactive questions! Premium tip: Get information on how your audience interacts with your creation:
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- Let the communication flow!
Vera Rubin
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Created on March 30, 2026
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Transcript
vera rubin
Donne con i numeri
Botto Sofia, Mastorchio Tommaso, Ricossa Anita
Indice
video
Vera rubin
sfide
Anni 60-70
Formazione
citazoni
conclusione
Ricerche
Vera Cooper Rubin (1928-2016)
- Nata a Philadelphia (23/07/1928) da famiglia ebrea di immigrati - 14 anni: costruisce un telescopio con l'aiuto del padre - Non segue i consigli degli insegnanti che cercano di allontanarla dalla scienza in quanto donna - Prova l'esistenza della materia oscura - Simbolo della lotta per l'uguaglianza di genere nella scienza
Istruzione e sfide
Formazione
1. Laurea magistrale alla Cornell University (1951) - Analisi dei moti di 109 galassie - Ipotesi: l’intero universo potrebbe essere in rotazione attorno a un polo - Tesi poi confutata, ma fu tra le prime osservazioni delle deviazioni dal flusso di Hubble e accese importanti dibattiti sui movimenti galattici 2. Dottorato alla Georgetown University (1954) - Supervisore: George Gamow - Scopre che le galassie non sono distribuite in modo casuale, ma formano raggruppamenti (ammassi) - Scoperta oggi fondamentale, ma all’epoca controversa - Questa scoperta viene ignorata per vent’anni prima di essere riconosciuta
I suoi studi
- Prova della materia oscura
- Le stelle esterne alla galassia ruotano alla stessa velocità di quelle centrali- Distribuzione delle galassie
- Le galassie si aggregano in gruppi, detti ammassi- Effetto Rubin-Ford
- Anomalia nell'espansione dell'universo: le galassie mostrano deviazioni dal flusso di Hubble (movimenti su larga scala)- Controrotazione e fusioni galattiche
- Sistemi di gas o stelle che ruotano in senso opposto - Prime prove di fusioni tra galassie- Atlante delle galassie con anelli polari
- Documentazione sistematica di queste strutture, utili per studiare la formazione delle galassieVIDEo
Materia oscura anni 60-70
1. Collaborazione con Kent Ford (1965)- Entra nel Dipartimento di Magnetismo Terrestre della Carnegie Institution di Washington - Kent Ford in questi anni aveva costruito uno spettrografo a tubo d’immagine molto preciso - Iniziano a collaborare, insieme studiano la rotazione della galassia di Andromeda - Raccolgono i dati che forniscono la prova dell’esistenza della materia oscura2. Prima donna autorizzata all’Osservatorio di Monte Palomar (1965) - Supera i pregiudizi che avevano bloccato altre colleghe in precedenza - L’osservatorio non aveva bagni per donne (era frequentato solo da uomini) - Vera ritaglia un pezzo di carta a forma di gonna e lo applica sulla sagoma maschile della porta: «Ecco fatto. Ora il bagno per le donne c’è»
Citazioni
"Non lasciate che nessuno vi dica che non siete bravi abbastanza... Il mio insegnante di scienze mi disse che non ero abbastanza brava in scienze… e guardate dove sono arrivata!"
Vera Rubin
“I live and work with three basic assumptions: 1) There is no problem in science that can be solved by a man that cannot be solved by a woman. 2) Worldwide, half of all brains are in women. 3) We all need permission to do science, but, for reasons that are deeply ingrained in history, this permission is more often given to men than to women.”
Vera Rubin in “Opening the Doors,” 1990 talk published in Bright Galaxies, Dark Matter, p. 174
Grazie per l'attenzione
Botto Sofia, Mastorchio Tommaso, Ricossa Anita
GalLERY
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