STARPAP Politics Timeline

Happenings of the time

Key Changes:

• Defense and fortification as more warring states emerge from both the south and north
• More cultural mixing as Muslims(Mudejars) and Jews integrate into Christian society
• Navarre-Jimenez alliance
• Independent portugal(1130-40)

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of León-Castile

• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Kingdom of Jimenez
• Early Portugal
• Almoravid Empire(Muslim kingdom)

Effects on Toledo:

• Establishment of Toledo School of Translators(1126)

Happenings of the time

Iberian Powers:

• Las Españas (the spains) (United Spain)
• Kingdom of Navarre (dissolved in 1512)
• Portugal
• Emirate of Granada

Key Changes:

• Marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile(1469)
• Isabella and Ferdinand claim the Castilian throne after the death of Henry IV, the half-brother of Isabella and a civil war
• Destruction of the Emirate of Granada(1492)
• Expulsion of Jews (and later muslims) (Also 1492)
• Spanish Mesoamerican conquest with Christopher Columbus

Effects on Toledo:

• Grows as a powerhouse under a fully unified Spanish Empire
• Religious climate changes greatly
• more riches and power from mesoamerican conquest.

Happenings of the time

Key Changes:

• Increased Defense and fortification as more warring states emerge from both the south and north, growing Almohad caliphate
• More cultural mixing as Muslims(Mudejars) and Jews integrate into Christian society

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of León-Castile

• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Kingdom of Jimenez
• Portugal
• Almohad Caliphate

Effects on Toledo:

• The Almohad caliphate caused increased tensions due to the Castilian military strength
• The nobles were adjusting to Castilian rule in place of the Caliphate of Cordoba

Happenings of the time

Key Changes:

• The unified Castilian military led by Alfonso VIII defeated the Almohad caliphate at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
• Castile expands south rapidly as the victory over the muslims paved the way for military dominance
• Domination of Córdoba(1236) and Seville(1248) by Castile
• Aragon also expands by conquering Valencia(1238)

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of Castile

• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Portugal
• Almohad Caliphate

Effects on Toledo:

• More centralised power

Happenings of the time

Key Changes:

• Castile-León Alliance
• Castile-León pushes further south into Muslim territory during collapse
• Alfonso VI (King of Castile-León) further legitimised in his aspirations to be ruler of all of spain

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of León-Castile

• Kingdom of Navarre
• Kingdom of Jimenez
• Early Portugal(slight expansion)
• Almoravid Empire(Muslim kingdom)

Effects on Toledo:

• Takeover of Toledo into Castile-León(1085)

Happenings of the time

Key Changes:

• Further shrinking of Muslim territories
• In Castile, many criticize the monarchy
• Aragon colonises more of the Mediteranian

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of Castile
• Kingdom of Aragon
• Portugal
• Emerate of Granada

Effects on Toledo:

• New ruler Alfonso X brings new laws and a further emphasis on knowledge and multicultural, multilingual learning
• Alfonso X brings further emphasis to the adoption of the Castilian(early spanish) language.

Happenings of the time

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of Castile
• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Portugal
• Emirate of Grenada

Key Changes:

• Dispute over the Castilian throne between Peter I "The Just" or "The Cruel" and Henry II
• Civil war breaks out, and Spain joins the 100 Years' War with England backing Peter I and France backing Henry II
• Henry ultimatly wins killing Peter
• Later religious violence especially against Jews in spain

Effects on Toledo:

• Tensions affected major political center
• Killed many jews in key Jewish areas during pogroms

Happenings of the time

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of León
• Kingdom of Castile

• Kingdom of Navarre
• Caliphate of Cordoba/ Al-Andulus
• Early Portugal

Key Changes:

• Collapse of Calliphate of Córdoba (1031)
• Expansion of Christian kingdoms
• Nobles lead smaller Taifas(muslim kingdoms)

Effects on Toledo:

• Taifa was established in Toledo
• Protected by christian kingdoms ruled by muslim leaders
• Chaos and raids affected the city

Happenings of the time

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of Castile
• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Portugal
• Emirate of Granada

Key Changes:

• Power struggles in Castile worsen after Alfonso X dies as nobles gain more power and Ferdinand IV loses legitamacy
• Alfonso XI takes over the throne and pushes back for the monarchy
• Black death(1348) devistates spain

Effects on Toledo:

• The Black Death killed up to 50%+ of the population it was especially bad because it was a major city

Happenings of the time

Iberian Powers:

• Kingdom of Castile
• Kingdom of Aragon
• Kingdom of Navarre
• Portugal
• Emirate of Grenada(Weak)

Key Changes:

• Aragon captures Naples and many Mediterranean colonies
• Castilian dominance of the Emirate of Granada, forcing payment
• Major Post-Plague recovery

Effects on Toledo:

• More religious tensions
• Recovery