civil rights
3E
What does segregation mean?
Segregation means keeping people apart. In many cases it is a form of discrimination because one group of people is treated unfairly.
African American segregation
In the United States the term segregation is most commonly used to describe the way Black people were treated, especially in the South, for many years. Most Black Americans are descendants of African slaves who were brought to North America more than 400 years ago. When slavery ended in the mid-1800s, Black people continued to live separate from the white people around them. They had no opportunities to get a good education or good jobs to improve their lives. Laws called "Black codes" didn't allow Black people to own property or to have certain kinds of jobs.
Jim Crow's Laws
"Separate but equal"
The Jim Crow laws were a collection of laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans from 1865-1977. These laws were passed to maintain white supremacy and limit the rights of Black citizens.
Consequences of racial segregation
Black people had to serve in separate military units, they could not perform in some theaters or concert halls, and they could not participate in major league sports.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal to discriminate against people based on race, color, religion, or national origin (where they come from).
Although official segregation has ended, its effects continue. The many years of segregation led to systemic racism throughout the country. In systemic racism, racist ideas become a part of society’s institutions and systems. These institutions include the government, the educational system, and the criminal justice system.
Green Book - The movie
The film is set in 1962, during the height of the Jim Crow era, when racial segregation was legally enforced in the Southern United States.
African Americans faced widespread discrimination in housing, education, employment, and public accommodations (like restaurants, hotels, and restrooms).
The title refers to "The Negro Motorist Green Book", a real guidebook published from 1936 to 1966 by Victor Hugo Green. This guide listed businesses (hotels, restaurants, gas stations) that were safe and welcoming to Black travelers, helping them avoid dangerous or discriminatory establishments during road trips.
Key figures for the civil rights movement
Who was Rosa Parks? Full name: Rosa Louise McCauley Parks Born: 4 February 1913 Hometown: Tuskegee, Alabama, USA Occupation: Civil rights activist Died: 24 October 2005 Best known for: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus boycott
On the 1st December 1955, after a long day at work, Rosa got on the bus home and took a seat. At that time in Montgomery, seats at the front of buses were reserved for white passengers, and the seats at the back for black passengers. The bus quickly filled up and when a white man got on, the driver told the African American passengers to give up their seats for him. Rosa did not obey. The result? Rosa was arrested by the police and fined for breaking segregation laws! On news of Rosa’s arrest, the black citizens of Montgomery came together and agreed to boycott the city’s buses in protest. African Americans refused to travel on buses. After 381 days of boycotting the buses, the Supreme Court ruled that Alabama’s racial segregation laws were ‘unconstitutional’ – meaning they weren’t valid and should not be recognised. In light of such a wonderful victory, Rosa became known as “the mother of the civil rights movement”.
“I have a dream that one day right there in Alabama little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.”
M. L. King
Martin Luther King
Full name: Dr Martin Luther King JrBorn: 15 January 1929. Hometown: Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Occupation: Minister and activist. Died: 4 April 1968. Best known for: Campaigning for the rights of African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
Civil rights movement
Martin was a great believer in peaceful protest, inspired by the Indian activist Mahatma Gandhi. His protests used no-violent tactics, even when the protesters themselves were met with violence from the police. In 1963, Martin gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech, at a famous rally named ‘March on Washington.’ Over 250,000 people gathered in the country’s capital to hear Martin and other activists speak about the importance of civil rights. It has become one of the most famous speeches in history and focuses on Martin’s dream of a society where black people and white people live together in harmony. In 1964 – 99 years after the abolition of slavery – the Civil Rights Act was passed, outlawing racial segregation and discrimination in the USA.
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Transcript
civil rights
3E
What does segregation mean?
Segregation means keeping people apart. In many cases it is a form of discrimination because one group of people is treated unfairly.
African American segregation
In the United States the term segregation is most commonly used to describe the way Black people were treated, especially in the South, for many years. Most Black Americans are descendants of African slaves who were brought to North America more than 400 years ago. When slavery ended in the mid-1800s, Black people continued to live separate from the white people around them. They had no opportunities to get a good education or good jobs to improve their lives. Laws called "Black codes" didn't allow Black people to own property or to have certain kinds of jobs.
Jim Crow's Laws
"Separate but equal"
The Jim Crow laws were a collection of laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans from 1865-1977. These laws were passed to maintain white supremacy and limit the rights of Black citizens.
Consequences of racial segregation
Black people had to serve in separate military units, they could not perform in some theaters or concert halls, and they could not participate in major league sports.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal to discriminate against people based on race, color, religion, or national origin (where they come from).
Although official segregation has ended, its effects continue. The many years of segregation led to systemic racism throughout the country. In systemic racism, racist ideas become a part of society’s institutions and systems. These institutions include the government, the educational system, and the criminal justice system.
Green Book - The movie
The film is set in 1962, during the height of the Jim Crow era, when racial segregation was legally enforced in the Southern United States.
African Americans faced widespread discrimination in housing, education, employment, and public accommodations (like restaurants, hotels, and restrooms).
The title refers to "The Negro Motorist Green Book", a real guidebook published from 1936 to 1966 by Victor Hugo Green. This guide listed businesses (hotels, restaurants, gas stations) that were safe and welcoming to Black travelers, helping them avoid dangerous or discriminatory establishments during road trips.
Key figures for the civil rights movement
Who was Rosa Parks? Full name: Rosa Louise McCauley Parks Born: 4 February 1913 Hometown: Tuskegee, Alabama, USA Occupation: Civil rights activist Died: 24 October 2005 Best known for: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus boycott
On the 1st December 1955, after a long day at work, Rosa got on the bus home and took a seat. At that time in Montgomery, seats at the front of buses were reserved for white passengers, and the seats at the back for black passengers. The bus quickly filled up and when a white man got on, the driver told the African American passengers to give up their seats for him. Rosa did not obey. The result? Rosa was arrested by the police and fined for breaking segregation laws! On news of Rosa’s arrest, the black citizens of Montgomery came together and agreed to boycott the city’s buses in protest. African Americans refused to travel on buses. After 381 days of boycotting the buses, the Supreme Court ruled that Alabama’s racial segregation laws were ‘unconstitutional’ – meaning they weren’t valid and should not be recognised. In light of such a wonderful victory, Rosa became known as “the mother of the civil rights movement”.
“I have a dream that one day right there in Alabama little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.”
M. L. King
Martin Luther King
Full name: Dr Martin Luther King JrBorn: 15 January 1929. Hometown: Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Occupation: Minister and activist. Died: 4 April 1968. Best known for: Campaigning for the rights of African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
Civil rights movement
Martin was a great believer in peaceful protest, inspired by the Indian activist Mahatma Gandhi. His protests used no-violent tactics, even when the protesters themselves were met with violence from the police. In 1963, Martin gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech, at a famous rally named ‘March on Washington.’ Over 250,000 people gathered in the country’s capital to hear Martin and other activists speak about the importance of civil rights. It has become one of the most famous speeches in history and focuses on Martin’s dream of a society where black people and white people live together in harmony. In 1964 – 99 years after the abolition of slavery – the Civil Rights Act was passed, outlawing racial segregation and discrimination in the USA.