METABOLISM ENERGY:

METABOLISM ENERGY:

ENERGY FOR LIVING BEINGS ,FERMENTATION,CELLULAR RESPIRATION,PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

START

ENERGY FOR LIVING BEINGS:

two types of energies:

• Light energy
• Chemical energy

Acquired through two types of chemical reactions:

1.EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS

2. ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

1. EXOTHERMIC REACTION:

"The type of reactions in which energy is released".

2.ENDOTHERMIC REACTION:

"The type of chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed."

CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

"THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS EXTRACT ENERGY FROM GLUCOSE USING OXYGEN"

THREE STEPS:

1.GLYCOLYSIS:

" GLYCOLYSIS IS A FUNDAMENTAL PATHWAY THAT BREAKS DOWN GLUCOSE INTO PYRUVATE":

2.KREBS CYCLE:

" CENTRAL METABOLIC PATHWAY IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION CONVERTS ACETYLE-CoA INTO ENERGY":

3. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:

"IT IS A SERIES OF PROTEIN COMPLEXES IN THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE THAT GENERATE THE MAJORITY OF ATP IN AEROBIC RESPIRATION."

FERMENTATION:

"AN ANAEROBIC METABOLIC PROCESS WHERE ORGANISMS LIKE BACTERIA,YEAST OR MOLD BREAKS DOWN SUGAR AND STARCH INTO ALCOHOLS,ACIDS OR GASES".

TWO TYPES:

2.ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION:

1.LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION:

"ANAEROBIC PROCESS THAT CONVERTS SUGARS INTO CELLULAR ENERGY AND LACTIC ACID":

"ANAEROBIC PROCESS IN WHICH YEAST AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS CONVERT GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE INTO ETHANOL AND CARBON".

FERMENTATION IN THE FIELD OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

FERMENTATION IS USED TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS LIKE:

1. BIOGAS
2. BIOETHENOL

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

"IT IS THE PROCESS THAT ALLOWS PLANTS TO CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY":

TWO PHASES:

• LIGHT PHASE:

"THIS PHASE PRODUCES ATP, NAPDH":

• CALVIN CYCLE:

"THIS PHASE PRODUCES GLUCOSE ":

BIOMASS:

"IT IS THE PLANT WASTE".

it it is converted into fuel through microbial processes.

advantages:

• RENEWABLE
• REDUCES FOSSIL FUEL USE

USES,INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS:

INPUTS:

OUTPUT:

USE:

USED TO STORE ENERGYCREATE OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE

LIGHTCO2 WATER

GLUCOSEOXYGEN

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

CHLOROPHYLL LIGHT ABSORPTON:

BEST WAVELENGTHS:

• RED WAVELENGTHS

• BLUE WAVELENGTHS

-GREEN LIGHT IS REFLECTED

-LIGHTS OF DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS ARE ABSORBED DIFFERENTLY