METALLI ALCALIN-TERROSI
ALOGENI
METALLI ALCALINI
GAS NOBILI
ALTRI ELEMENTI
METALLI DI TRANSIZIONE
Hydrogen
Helium
He
PLAYLIST PERIODICA
Lithium
Li
Fluorine
Boron
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Neon
Carbon
Ne
10
Beryllium
Be
Sodium
Na
11
Aluminium
Sulfur
Al
Magnesium
Mg
12
16
13
Argon
Phosphorus
Chlorine
Silicon
Ar
Cl
Si
18
15
14
17
Potassium
Gallium
Titanium
Selenium
Nickel
Manganese
Se
Ti
Mn
Ni
Ga
22
34
25
28
31
19
Scandium
Arsenic
Krypton
Chromium
Cobalt
Zinc
Calcium
Germanium
Iron
Copper
Vanadium
Bromine
Co
Zn
Kr
Cr
Sc
As
Ca
Ge
Br
Fe
Cu
33
21
24
36
27
30
32
20
23
35
29
26
Rubidium
Indium
Tellurium
Zirconium
Palladium
Technetium
Rb
In
Te
Zr
Tc
Pd
46
43
52
40
49
37
Cadmium
Rhodium
Xenon
Molybdenum
Antimony
Yttrium
Niobium
Iodine
Ruthenium
Silver
Tin
Strontium
Rh
Cd
Xe
Mo
Sb
Ag
Ru
Nb
Sn
Sr
42
54
48
45
39
51
50
38
47
44
53
41
Caesium
Thallium
Tl
Cs
Platinum
Rhenium
Polonium
Hafnium
Po
Hf
Re
Pt
81
55
78
75
84
72
Lanthanum
Bismuth
Barium
Lead
La
Bi
Tungsten
Radon
Iridium
Mercury
Pb
Ba
Astatine
Tantalum
Osmium
Gold
57
83
Hg
Ir
Rn
At
Ta
Os
Au
82
56
77
80
86
74
85
73
76
79
Nihonium
Francium
Nh
Fr
Rutherfordium
Livermorium
Darmstadtium
Bohrium
87
113
Bh
Ds
Rf
Lv
110
107
116
104
Moscovium
Actinium
Radium
Flerovium
Ac
Mc
Seaborgium
Oganesson
Copernicium
Meitnerium
Roentgenium
Hassium
Tennessine
Dubnium
Fl
Ra
Cn
Mt
Og
Sg
89
115
Db
Ts
Rg
Hs
114
88
118
106
112
109
105
117
108
111
Holmium
Ho
Gadolinium
Promethium
Ytterbium
Cerium
Yb
Ce
Pm
Gd
67
64
61
70
58
Thulium
Erbium
Tm
Neodymium
Europium
Dysprosium
Er
Lutetium
Praseodymium
Samarium
Terbium
69
Dy
Eu
Nd
Lu
Pr
Sm
Tb
68
63
66
60
71
59
62
65
Berkelium
Bk
97
Einsteinium
Es
Thorium
Nobelium
Curium
Neptunium
99
Np
Cm
Th
No
96
93
102
90
Mendelevium
Fermium
Md
Uranium
Californium
Americium
Plutonium
Lawrencium
Protactinium
Fm
Cf
Am
101
Pa
Lr
Pu
100
92
98
95
91
103
94
Transition metal
Zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance and is often used as an alloying agent in materials exposed to aggressive environments, such as surgical devices, light filaments, and watch cases. Symbol: Zr Atomic mass: 91.224 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.8 g/cm3 Melting point: 4408.85 °C Boiling point: 1854.85 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1789
Zirconium
Zr
40
Transition metal
In February 2019, medical scientists announced that the iridium attached to albumin creates a photosensitized molecule that can penetrate cancer cells and, upon light irradiation (a process called "photodynamic therapy"), destroy them. Symbol: Ir Atomic mass: 192.217 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):19 g/cm3 Melting point: 4428 °C Boiling point: 2446 °C Discovered by: Smithson Tennant Year of discovery: 1803
Iridium
Ir
77
Lanthanide
Terbium is more common than metals like silver or mercury. Symbol: Tb Atomic mass: 158.92535 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.65 g/cm3 Melting point: 3230 °C Boiling point: 1355.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1843
Terbium
Tb
65
Reactive nonmetal
Chlorine
Cl
17
Chlorine gas, also called bertolita, was used for the first time as a weapon in World War I. Soldiers described its characteristic smell as a mixture of pepper and pineapple. Symbol: Cl Atomic mass: 35.453 u Melting point: -34.04 °C Boiling point: -101.5 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1774
Transition metal
The platinum-cobalt is an alloy of approximately three parts platinum and one part cobalt used to manufacture relatively strong permanent magnets. Symbol: Pt Atomic mass: 195.084 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 19.77 g/cm3 Melting point: 3825 °C Boiling point: 1768.3 °C Discovered by: Antonio de Ulloa Year of discovery: 1735
Platinum
Pt
78
Transition metal
Nickel resists corrosion even at high temperatures. Symbol: Ni Atomic mass: 58.6934 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.81 g/cm3 Melting point: 2730 °C Boiling point: 1455 °C Discovered by: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt Year of discovery: 1751
Nickel
Ni
28
Post-transition metal
A typical joke among chemists is to make spoons out of gallium and use them to serve tea to people who don't know that gallium has an appearance similar to aluminum, its lighter homolog. These spoons melt in hot tea. Symbol: Ga Atomic mass: 69.723 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.095 g/cm3 Melting point: 2400 °C Boiling point: 29.7646 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1875
Gallium
Ga
31
Metalloid
The germanium is created through stellar nucleosynthesis. It has been detected in some of the most distant stars and in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Symbol: Ge Atomic mass: 72.64 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.60 g/cm3 Melting point: 2833 °C Boiling point: 938.25 °C Discovered by: Clemens Winkler Year of discovery: 1886
Germanium
Ge
32
Lanthanide
The lutetium is the most expensive element. Symbol: Lu Atomic mass: 174.967 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 9.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 3402 °C Boiling point: 1663 °C Discovered by: Georges Urbain Year of discovery: 1907
Lutetium
Lu
71
Alkaline earth metal
The metal strontium finely powdered is pyrophoric, meaning it ignites spontaneously upon contact with air at room temperature. Symbol: Sr Atomic weight: 87.62 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.375 g/cm3 Melting point: 1381.85 °C Boiling point: 777 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Adair Crawford, William Cruickshank Year of discovery: 1790
Strontium
Sr
38
Neon
Ne
10
Noble gas
Neon is very common on a universal scale; it is the fifth most abundant chemical element by mass in the universe, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon. Symbol: Ne Atomic mass: 20.1797 u Fusion: -246.046 °C Boiling point: -248.59 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Beryllium
Be
Alkaline earth metal
The beryllium is a compound of various dental alloys. Symbol: Be Atomic mass: 9.012182 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.690 g/cm3 Melting point: 2469 °C Boiling point: 1286.85 °C Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1797
Post-transition metal
The stepped spiral structure of the crystals of bismuth is due to the fact that the growth rate is higher around the outer edges than the interior. Variations in the thickness of the oxide layer that forms on the surface of the crystal cause interference of different wavelengths in reflection, creating a rainbow of colors. Symbol: Bi Atomic mass: 208.9804 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.05 g/cm3 Melting point: 1564 °C Boiling point: 271.44 °C Discovered by: Claude François Geoffroy Year of discovery: 1753
Bismuth
Bi
83
Oxygen
Reactive nonmetal
In gaseous state, the oxygen is colorless. In liquid state, it is bluish. Symbol: O Atomic mass: 15.999 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.141 g/cm3 Melting point: -182.962 °C Boiling point: -218.79 °C Discovered by: Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1774
Unknown chemical properties
The boiling point and melting point of darmstatio are unknown. Symbol: Ds Atomic mass: 281 u Discovered by: Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1994
Darmstatio
Ds
110
Unknown chemical properties
All isotopes of nihonium are unstable and radioactive. Symbol: Nh Atomic mass: 286 u Discovered by: RIKEN Year of discovery: 2003
Nihonium
Nh
113
Lanthanide
The thulium is used on euro banknotes to prevent counterfeiting. Symbol: Tm Atomic mass: 168.93421 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.56 g/cm3 Melting point: 1950 °C Boiling point: 1544.85 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve Year of discovery: 1879
Thulium
Tm
69
Transition metal
Alloys of cobalt are used to manufacture reaction turbines. Symbol: Co Atomic mass: 58.933195 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.86 g/cm3 Melting point: 2869.85 °C Boiling point: 1495 °C Discovered by: Georg Brandt Year of discovery: 1735
Cobalt
Co
27
Transition metal
The oldest pills known were made with zinc carbonates, hydrocincite, and smithsonite. These pills were used to soothe eye irritation and were found aboard the Roman ship Relitto del Pozzino, which sank in 140 BC. Symbol: Zn Atomic mass: 65.38 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 907 °C Boiling point: 419.53 °C Discovered by: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf Year of discovery: 1746
Zinc
Zn
30
Dont't Stop Me Now- Queen
Lithium
Li
METALLI ALCALINI
Sodium
Na
11
Potassium
19
Questi elementi sono molto reattivi, come l'energia di questa canzone. Sono fondamentali per tante reazioni, proprio come questa canzone è fondamentale per dare la carica.
Rubidium
Rb
37
Cesium
Cs
55
Francium
Fr
87
Lanthanide
The compounds of neodymium were first used commercially in 1927 to dye glass and remain a very common additive in crystals. Symbol: Nd Atomic mass: 144.242 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.89 g/cm3 Melting point: 3073.85 °C Boiling point: 1020.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach Year of discovery: 1885
Neodymium
Nd
60
Lanthanide
The dysprosium used in ship sonar systems. Symbol: Dy Atomic mass: 162.5 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.37 g/cm3 Melting point: 2566.85 °C Boiling point: 1412 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1886
Dysprosium
Dy
66
Transition metal
Scandium is more abundant on the Moon and the Sun than on Earth. Symbol: Sc Atomic mass: 44.955912 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.80 g/cm3 Melting point: 2835.85 °C Boiling point: 1540.85 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve, Lars Fredrik Nilson Year of discovery: 1879
Scandium
Sc
21
Actinide
The protactinium is one of the rarest and most expensive naturally occurring elements. Symbol: Pa Atomic mass: 231.03588 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 15.37 g/cm3 Melting point: 4000 °C Boiling point: 1568 °C Discovered by: Kasimir Fajans, Oswald Helmuth Göhring Year of discovery: 1913
Protactinium
Pa
91
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Actinide
The nobelium, like all elements with an atomic number greater than 100, can only be obtained in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Symbol: No Atomic mass: 259 u Boiling point: 826.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 1958
Nobelium
No
102
Transition metal
Most of the hafnium produced is used for manufacturing control rods for nuclear reactors. Symbol: Hf Atomic mass: 178.49 u Density (liquid state at melting point):12 g/cm3 Melting point: 4601.85 °C Boiling point: 2227 °C Discovered by: George Hevesy, Dirk Coster Year of discovery: 1923
Hafnium
Hf
72
Unknown chemical properties
The livermorium is obtained by bombarding curium with calcium. Symbol: Lv Atomic mass: 293 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 2000
Livermorium
Lv
116
Lithium
Li
Alkali metal
Lithium, despite being a metal, is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Symbol: Li Atomic mass: 6.941 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.512 g/cm3 Melting point: 1342 °C Boiling point: 180.54 °C Discovered by: Johann Arfwedson Year of discovery: 1817
Unknown chemical properties
Properties of meitnerium and its compounds have not been calculated; this is because its production is extremely limited and costly. Symbol: Mt Atomic mass: 278 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1982
Meitnerium
Mt
109
Alkaline earth metal
Alkali metal salts attracted alchemists because, when exposed to light, they glowed for years. Symbol: Ba Atomic mass: 137.327 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 3.338 g/cm3 Melting point: 1897 °C Boiling point: 727 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1808
Barium
Ba
56
Lanthanide
Praseodymium is used for the manufacturing of wind turbines. Symbol: Pr Atomic mass: 140.90765 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.50 g/cm3 Melting point: 3520 °C Boiling point: 930.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach Year of discovery: 1885
Praseodymium
Pr
59
Transition metal
Hasio is produced artificially and, for now, only in small quantities. Symbol: Hs Atomic mass: 269 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1984
Hasio
Hs
108
Transition metal
Since it is a synthetic element, it does not appear naturally on Earth and can only be created in a laboratory. Symbol: Rf Atomic mass: 261 u Boiling point: 2100 °C Discovered by: Ernest Rutherford, Albert Ghiorso, Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 1964
Rutherfordium
Rf
104
Actinide
The americium is commonly used in smoke detectors. Symbol: Am Atomic mass: 243 u Fusion: 2606.85 °C Boiling point: 1175.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James Year of discovery: 1944
Americium
Am
95
Transition metal
Titanium is a corrosion-resistant element, even resistant to water and chlorine. Symbol: Ti Atomic mass: 47.867 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 4.11 g/cm3 Melting point: 3286.85 °C Boiling point: 1668 °C Discovered by: William Gregor Year of discovery: 1791
Titanium
Ti
22
Actinide
The neptunium is mainly used for research purposes. Symbol: Np Atomic mass: 237.0482 u Density (liquid state at melting point): standard accepted value: 19.38 g/cm3 Melting point: 3901.85 °C Boiling point: 644 °C Discovered by: Philip Hauge Abelson Year of discovery: 1940
Neptunium
Np
93
Post-transition metal
Aluminum
Al
13
Aluminum, despite being very abundant in the Earth's crust, has no known biological function. Symbol: Al Atomic mass: 26.9815386 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.375 g/cm3 Melting point: 2470 °C Boiling point: 660.32 °C Discovered by: Hans Christian Ørsted Year of discovery: 1825
Transition metal
Rhodium is resistant to most acids. Symbol: Rh Atomic mass: 102.9055 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.7 g/cm3 Melting point: 3696.85 °C Boiling point: 1962.85 °C Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Year of discovery: 1803
Rhodium
Rh
45
Noble gas
Radon is also present in some underground waters, such as spring waters and thermal springs. Symbol: Rn Atomic mass: 222 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.4 g/cm3 Melting point: -61.7 °C Boiling point: -71.15 °C Discovered by: Friedrich Ernst Dorn Year of discovery: 1900
Radon
Rn
86
Nitrogen
Reactive nonmetal
Liquid nitrogen is used in molecular gastronomy to make very creamy ice creams. Symbol: N Atomic mass: 14.0067 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.808 g/cm3 Melting point: -195.79 °C Boiling point: -210.01 °C Discovered by: Daniel Rutherford Year of discovery: 1772
Lanthanide
The promethium is used in atomic batteries. These batteries have an approximate lifespan of five years. Symbol: Pm Atomic mass: 145 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.26 g/cm3 Melting point: 2999.85 °C Boiling point: 1041.85 °C Discovered by: Jacob A. Marinsky, Charles D. Coryell, Lawrence E. Glendenin Year of discovery: 1945
Promethium
Pm
61
Transition metal
Chromium is extremely hard: it is the third hardest element after carbon (diamond) and boron. Symbol: Cr Atomic mass: 51.9961 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 2671.85 °C Boiling point: 1907 °C Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin Year of discovery: 1797
Chromium
Cr
24
Unknown chemical properties
The most stable known isotope, 285Cn, has a half-life of 29 seconds. Symbol: Cn Atomic mass: 285 u Discovered by: Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1996
Copernicium
Cn
112
Alkali metal
There are only between 20 and 30 g in the Earth's crust; the other isotopes (except francium-221) are completely synthetic. Symbol: Fr Atomic mass: 223 u Melting point: 676.85 °C Boiling point: 27 °C Discovered by: Marguerite Perey Year of discovery: 1939
Francium
Fr
87
Actinide
Some chemical experiments have confirmed that lawrencium behaves like a heavier homolog of lutetium in the periodic table and is a trivalent element. Symbol: Lr Atomic mass: 262 u Boiling point: 1627 °C Discovered by: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1961
Lawrencium
Lr
103
Transition metal
270Bh is the most stable known isotope of bohrium, with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds, although the unconfirmed isotope 278Bh may have a longer half-life (about 690 seconds). Symbol: Bh Atomic mass: 264 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1981
Bohrium
Bh
107
Actinide
Isotopes of curium are used as a heat source in space programs. Symbol: Cm Atomic mass: 247 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 13.51 g/cm3 Fusion: 3109.85 °C Boiling point: 1346.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James Year of discovery: 1944
Curium
Cm
96
Reactive nonmetal
Sulfur
16
According to the Ebers Papyrus, in ancient Egypt a sulfur ointment was used to treat eyelid inflammation. Symbol: S Atomic mass: 32.065 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.819 g/cm3 Melting point: 444.6 °C Boiling point: 112.8 °C
Lanthanide
The erbium has a pink color and is used for dyeing glass and enamels. Symbol: Er Atomic mass: 167.259 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.86 g/cm3 Melting point: 2868 °C Boiling point: 1528.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1843
Erbium
Er
68
Transition metal
The mercury is one of the few elements that remain liquid at room temperature. Symbol: Hg Atomic mass: 200.59 u Fusion: 356.73 °C Boiling point: -38.829 °C
Mercury
Hg
80
Alkali metal
Cesium is one of the only five elemental metals that remain liquid at room temperature or at a similar temperature. Symbol: Cs Atomic mass: 132.9054519 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.843 g/cm3 Melting point: 670.85 °C Boiling point: 28.44 °C Discovered by: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen Year of discovery: 1860
Caesium
Cs
55
Metalloid
In the Victorian era, women ingested arsenic (white arsenic or arsenic trioxide) mixed with vinegar and chalk to have a paler complexion and thus show that they did not work in the fields. Symbol: As Atomic mass: 74.9216 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.22 g/cm3 Melting point: 613 °C Boiling point: 816.85 °C Discovered by: Albertus Magnus Year of discovery: 1250
Arsenic
As
33
Actinide
If you touched a small piece of plutonium, you would feel heat due to the energy released by alpha decay. A larger piece of this metal could boil water. Symbol: Pu Atomic mass: 244 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 16.63 g/cm3 Melting point: 3231.85 °C Boiling point: 639.4 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin Mattison McMillan, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy Year of discovery: 1940
Plutonium
Pu
94
Beryllium
Be
METALLI ALCALINO-TERROSI
Seven Nation Army- The White Stripes
Magnesium
Mg
12
Calcium
Ca
20
Sono elementi "sostanziosi", che aiutano a costruire cose importanti, come le ossa. La canzone ha un suono forte e "massiccio", che fa capire quanto sono solidi e fondamentali.
Strontium
Sr
38
Barium
Ba
56
Radium
Ra
88
Lanthanide
Holmium has properties that are unusual magnetic. Symbol: Ho Atomic mass: 164.93032 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.34 g/cm3 Melting point: 2694.85 °C Boiling point: 1474 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve, Marc Delafontaine, Jacques-Louis Soret Year of discovery: 1878
Holmium
Ho
67
Reactive nonmetal
Selenium is used for glass manufacturing. Symbol: Se Atomic mass: 78.96 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 3.99 g/cm3 Melting point: 684.85 °C Boiling point: 220.85 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Johan Gottlieb Gahn Year of discovery: 1817
Selenium
Se
34
Post-transition metal
Polonium is present in the food chain, especially in shellfish. Symbol: Po Atomic mass: 209 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):beta: 9.398 g/cm3 Melting point: 962 °C Boiling point: 253.85 °C Discovered by: Marie Curie, Pierre Curie Year of discovery: 1898
Polonium
Po
84
Transition metal
Copper
Cu
29
Copper, along with gold and meteoric iron, was one of the first metals used by humans. Symbol: Cu Atomic mass: 63.546 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.02 g/cm3 Melting point: 2562 °C Boiling point: 1084.62 °C Year of discovery: -8999
Alkaline earth
Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones. Symbol: Ca Atomic mass :40.078 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 1.378 g/cm3 Melting point: 1483.85 °C Boiling point: 842 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1808
Calcium
Ca
20
Transition metal
Seaborgium, being a synthetic element, can be created in a laboratory, but does not occur naturally on Earth. Symbol: Sg Atomic mass: 269 u Discovered by: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1974
Seaborgium
Sg
106
Reactive nonmetal
Bromine
Br
35
Bromine is used to purify water. Symbol: Br Atomic mass: 79.904 u Melting point: 58.8 °C Boiling point: -7.2 °C Discovered by: Antoine-Jérôme Balard, Carl Jacob Löwig Year of discovery: 1826
Boron
Metalloid
Boron is a vital nutrient for plants, whose main function is to maintain the integrity of cell walls. Symbol: B Atomic mass: 10.811 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.08 g/cm3 Melting point: 4000 °C Boiling point: 2076 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Thénard Year of discovery: 1808
Transition metal
Manganese is an essential element for photosynthesis. Without it, there would be no free oxygen on Earth. Symbol: Mn Atomic mass: 54.938044 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.95 g/cm3 Melting point: 2061 °C Boiling point: 1246 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Ignatius Gottfried Kaim Year of discovery: 1774
Manganese
Mn
25
Transition metal
Tungsten alloys have numerous applications; they are used, for example, in incandescent light bulb filaments. Symbol: W Atomic mass: 183.84 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.6 g/cm3 Melting point: 5555 °C Boiling point: 3421.85 °C Discovered by: Juan José Delhuyar, Fausto Delhuyar Year of discovery: 1783
Tungsten
74
Transition metal
The molybdenum has one of the highest melting points. Symbol: Mo Atomic mass: 95.95 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 9.33 g/cm3 Melting point: 4638.85 °C Boiling point: 2622.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1778
Molybdenum
Mo
42
Transition metal
Osmium tetroxide has been used to detect fingerprints and stain adipose tissue for subsequent examination under optical and electron microscopes. Symbol: Os Atomic mass: 190.23 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):20 g/cm3 Melting point: 5026.85 °C Boiling point: 3033 °C Discovered by: Smithson Tennant Year of discovery: 1803
Osmium
Os
76
Transition metal
NASA's Apollo missions collected lunar rock samples containing yttrium. Symbol: Y Atomic weight: 88.90585 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.24 g/cm3 Melting point: 3337.85 °C Boiling point: 1526 °C Discovered by: Johan Gadolin Year of discovery: 1794
Yttrium
39
Lanthanide
Gadolinium is used in microwave technology. Symbol: Gd Atomic mass: 157.25 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 7.4 g/cm3 Melting point: 3271.85 °C Boiling point: 1311.85 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Year of discovery: 1880
Gadolinium
Gd
64
Transition metal
Rhenium is used as an additive in high-temperature superalloys used to manufacture jet engine parts. Symbol: Re Atomic weight: 186.207 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 18.9 g/cm3 Melting point: 5596.85 °C Boiling point: 3181.85 °C Discovered by: Walter Noddack, Ida Noddack, Otto Berg Year of discovery: 1925
Rhenium
Re
75
Transition metal
Gold was one of the first pure metals used by humans. Symbol: Au Atomic mass: 196.966569 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.31 g/cm3 Melting point: 2700 °C Boiling point: 1064.18 °C
Gold
Au
79
Actinide
Fermium was discovered in the side effects of the thermonuclear bomb test "Ivy Mike". Symbol: Fm Atomic mass: 257 u Boiling point: 1526.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1953
Fermium
Fm
100
Metalloid
Sulfur of antimony (III), Sb2S3, was used as an eye cosmetic (kohl) in Egypt's predynastic period, around 3100 B.C., when cosmetic palettes were invented. Symbol: Sb Atomic mass: 121.76 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.53 g/cm3 Melting point: 1586.85 °C Boiling point: 630.63 °C Year of discovery: -1599
Antimony
Sb
51
Lanthanide
Used on the walls of furnaces with self-cleaning system. Symbol: Ce Atomic weight: 140.116 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.55 g/cm3 Melting point: 3257 °C Boiling point: 795 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1803
Cerium
Ce
58
Transition metal
Compounds of cadmium are used as red, orange, and yellow pigments. In Bob Ross's television program "The Joy of Painting," a yellow cadmium paint was often used. Symbol: Cd Atomic mass: 112.411 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 7.996 g/cm3 Melting point: 766.85 °C Boiling point: 321.11 °C Discovered by: Friedrich Stromeyer, Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann Year of discovery: 1817
Cadmium
Cd
48
Noble gas
Krypton
Kr
36
The krypton is one of the gases used in neon signs. Symbol: Kr Atomic mass: 83.798 u Fusion: -153.415 °C Boiling point: -157.36 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Unknown chemical properties
Moscovium is a highly radioactive element: its most stable known isotope, moscovium-290, has a half-life of only 0.65 seconds. Symbol: Mc Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 2003
Moscovium
Mc
115
Metalloid
The Santa Clara Valley, located in California, adopted the nickname Silicon Valley because here the silicon is the basic material of the semiconductor industry. Symbol: Si Atomic mass: 28.0855 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 2355 °C Boiling point: 1410 °C Discovered by: Antoine Lavoisier, Jöns Jacob Berzelius Year of discovery: 1823
Silicon
Si
14
Transition metal
Niobium appears almost always naturally, along with tantalum. Symbol: Nb Atomic mass: 92.90638 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 4927 °C Boiling point: 2468.85 °C Discovered by: Charles Hatchett Year of discovery: 1801
Niobium
Nb
41
Alkali metal
Sodium
Na
11
The most common compound of sodium is sodium chloride, that is, table salt. Symbol: Na Atomic mass: 22.98976928 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.927 g/cm3 Melting point: 882.85 °C Boiling point: 97.794 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1807
Transition metal
Tantalum is used extensively for the manufacturing of surgical instruments and implants because it resists attack from body fluids and is non-irritating. Symbol: Ta Atomic mass: 180.94788 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):15 g/cm3 Melting point: 5456.85 °C Boiling point: 3019.85 °C Discovered by: Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Year of discovery: 1802
Tantalum
Ta
73
Transition metal
Technetium was the first element to be artificially produced. Symbol: Tc Atomic mass: 98 u Fusion: 4264.85 °C Boiling point: 2203.85 °C Discovered by: Emilio Gino Segrè, Carlo Perrier Year of discovery: 1937
Technetium
Tc
43
Actinide
Dioxide of Thorium is found in heat-resistant ceramics, such as laboratory crucibles that withstand high temperatures. Symbol: Th Atomic mass: 232.03806 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 11.7 g/cm3 Melting point: 4786.85 °C Boiling point: 1754.85 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius Year of discovery: 1828
Thorium
Th
90
Alkaline earth
The radium was formerly used in luminous clock paints, nuclear panels, airplane switches, wall clocks, and instrument buttons. Symbol: Ra Atomic mass: 226 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.5 g/cm3 Melting point: 1737 °C Boiling point: 700 °C Discovered by: Marie Curie, Pierre Curie Year of discovery: 1898
Radium
Ra
88
Carbon
Reactive nonmetal
Carbon carbon is, after oxygen, the most abundant element by mass in the human body (approximately 18.5%). Symbol: C Atomic mass: 12.011 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 Boiling point: 3550 °C
Alkali metal
Potassium was the first metal isolated through electrolysis. Symbol: K Atomic mass: 39.0983 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 0.828 g/cm3 Melting point: 758.85 °C Boiling point: 63.5 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1807
Potassium
19
Transition metal
Chloride of palladium was formerly prescribed as a treatment for tuberculosis. This treatment had many negative side effects and was later replaced by more effective medications. Symbol: Pd Atomic mass: 106.42 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.38 g/cm3 Melting point: 2963 °C Boiling point: 1554.9 °C Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Year of discovery: 1803
Palladium
Pd
46
Transition metal
Silver is the metal with the highest thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as greater reflectivity. Symbol: Ag Atomic weight: 107.8682 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 9.320 g/cm3 Melting point: 2162 °C Boiling point: 961.78 °C
Silver
Ag
47
Alkali metal
El rubidium has been widely used to determine the age of rocks. Symbol: Rb Atomic mass: 85.4678 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 1.46 g/cm3 Melting point: 688 °C Boiling point: 39.48 °C Discovered by: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen Year of discovery: 1861
Rubidium
Rb
37
Hydrogen
Reactive nonmetal
H hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and makes up approximately 75% of its mass. Symbol: H Atomic mass: 1.00784 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 0.07099 g/cm3 Fusion: -252.87 °C Boiling point: -259.16 °C Discovered by: Henry Cavendish Year of discovery: 1766
Actinide
The californium can be easily cut with a razor blade. Symbol: Cf Atomic mass: 251 u Fusion: 1472 °C Boiling point: 898.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1950
Californium
Cf
98
Post-transition metal
Lead lead is a relatively easy-to-obtain metal, so it has been used since prehistory. Symbol: Pb Atomic mass: 207.2 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.66 g/cm3 Melting point: 1749 °C Boiling point: 327.5 °C
Lead
Pb
82
Lanthanide
The lanthanum was used for the first time in history in gas lamp shirts. Symbol: La Atomic mass: 138.90547 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.94 g/cm3 Melting point: 3463.85 °C Boiling point: 920 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1839
Lanthanum
La
57
Transition metal
Apparently, the Polish chemist Jędrzej Sniadecki was the first to isolate the ruthenium, but he retracted his discovery after other scientists failed to replicate his results. Symbol: Ru Atomic mass: 101.07 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.65 g/cm3 Melting point: 4150 °C Boiling point: 2334 °C Discovered by: Karl Ernst Claus Year of discovery: 1844
Ruthenium
Ru
44
Metalloid
The compounds of tellurium are used as pigments for ceramics. Symbol: Te Atomic mass: 127.6 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.70 g/cm3 Melting point: 987.85 °C Boiling point: 449.51 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein Year of discovery: 1782
Tellurium
Te
52
Lanthanide
Europium becomes a superconductor when cooled below 1.8 K and compressed above 80 GPa. Symbol: Eu Atomic mass: 151.964 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.13 g/cm3 Melting point: 1529 °C Boiling point: 826 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Eugène Demarçay Year of discovery: 1901
Europium
Eu
63
Transition metal
Vanadium is harder than most metals and steels. Symbol: V Atomic mass: 50.9415 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.5 g/cm3 Melting point: 3407 °C Boiling point: 1910 °C Discovered by: Andrés Manuel del Río Year of discovery: 1801
Vanadium
23
Reactive nonmetal
Iodine was discovered by chance. In 1811, chemist Bernard Courtois used too much sulfuric acid while trying to extract saltpeter from seaweed. This caused a violet vapor to appear, which condensed into black crystals that Courtois called "substance X". Symbol: I Atomic mass: 126.90447 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.933 g/cm3 Melting point: 184.3 °C Boiling point: 113.7 °C Discovered by: Bernard Courtois Year of discovery: 1811
Iodine
53
Post-transition metal
Agatha Christie used thallium as a murder weapon in her detective novel "The Pale Horse". Symbol: Tl Atomic mass: 204.3833 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 11.22 g/cm3 Melting point: 1472.85 °C Boiling point: 303.85 °C Discovered by: William Crookes Year of discovery: 1861
Thallium
Tl
81
Unknown chemical properties
No one knows for sure what the appearance of roentgenium looks like. Symbol: Rg Atomic mass: 282 u Discovered by: Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1994
Roentgenium
Rg
111
Actinide
The mendelevium was discovered in 1955 by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles, the same method used today to obtain it. Symbol: Md Atomic mass: 258 u Boiling point: 827 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg Year of discovery: 1955
Mendelevium
Md
101
Helium
He
Noble gas
Helium was discovered in the Sun, before it was found on Earth. Symbol: He Atomic mass: 4.002602 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.145 g/cm3 Melting point: -268.93 °C Boiling point: -272.2 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Norman Lockyer, Per Teodor Cleve, Pierre Janssen Year of discovery: 1868
Noble gas
In the 1930s, American engineer Harold Edgerton began exploring stroboscopic light technology for high-speed photography. Soon after, he invented the gas lamp xenon, which emitted flashes of light when a small electric current passed through a tube filled with this gas. Symbol: Xe Atomic mass: 131.293 u Fusion: -108.12 °C Boiling point: -111.75 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Xenon
Xe
54
Actinide
In the civil sector, the uranium is mainly used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Symbol: U Atomic mass: 238.02891 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 4131 °C Boiling point: 1132.2 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1789
Uranium
92
Transition metal
The dubnium does not appear naturally on Earth and is produced artificially. Symbol: Db Atomic mass: 262 u Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1967
Dubnium
Db
105
Post-transition metal
"Tin cry" is the characteristic sound heard when a bar of tin is bent. This effect, which has been described interchangeably as a "scream" or a "creak", occurs due to the crystallite bonding in the metal. Symbol: Sn Atomic mass: 118.71 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.99 g/cm3 Melting point: 2602 °C Boiling point: 231.93 °C
Tin
Sn
50
Alkaline earth
Magnesium
Mg
12
Some of the main producers of magnesium in the second decade of the 21st century are China, Russia, and Turkey. Symbol: Mg Atomic mass: 24.305 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.584 g/cm3 Melting point: 1091 °C Boiling point: 650 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Joseph Black Year of discovery: 1755
Noble gas
Argon
Ar
18
The air is the main industrial source of purified argon products. Symbol: Ar Atomic mass: 39.948 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.3954 g/cm3 Melting point: -185.85 °C Boiling point: -189.35 °C Discovered by: Lord Rayleigh, William Ramsay Year of discovery: 1894
Actinide
The actinium glows in the dark emitting a bluish light, which is created when energetic particles emitted ionize the surrounding air. Symbol: Ac Atomic mass: 227 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):10 g/cm3 Melting point: 3196.85 °C Boiling point: 1050 °C Discovered by: André-Louis Debierne Year of discovery: 1899
Actinium
Ac
89
Post-transitional metal
The indium squeaks when bent; the sound it makes is similar to when a tin bar is bent ("tin cry"). Symbol: In Atomic weight: 114.818 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.02 g/cm3 Melting point: 2072 °C Boiling point: 156.63 °C Discovered by: Ferdinand Reich Year of discovery: 1863
Indium
In
49
Lanthanide
Ytterbium has no biological function. Symbol: Yb Atomic mass: 173.04 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.21 g/cm3 Melting point: 1195.85 °C Boiling point: 819 °C Discovered by: Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Year of discovery: 1878
Ytterbium
Yb
70
Actinide
Berkelium exists in such small quantities that there is practically no information about its properties. Symbol: Bk Atomic mass: 247 u Melting point: 2627 °C Boiling point: 984.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1949
Berkelium
Bk
97
Helium
He
Neon
Ne
10
GAS NOBILI
Weightless- Marconi Union
Argon
Ar
18
Krypton
Kr
36
Sono stabili, non reagiscono. Questa musica è studiata per rilassare e creare un'atmosfera calma e "distaccata", perfetta per descrivere questi elementi che se ne stanno per conto loro.
Xenon
Xe
54
Radon
Rn
86
Reactive nonmetal
Phosphorus
15
Elemental phosphorus exists in two main forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element on Earth. Symbol: P Atomic mass: 30.973762 u Melting point: 280.5 °C Boiling point: 44.1 °C Discovered by: Hennig Brand Year of discovery: 1669
Actinide
Despite the very limited scientific information about einsteinium, it is known that this metal poses a threat to human health. Symbol: Es Atomic mass: 252 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.84 g/cm3 Boiling point: 860 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1952
Einsteinium
Es
99
Transition metal
Iron
Fe
26
Blood is red due to the interaction between the iron and oxygen. Symbol: Fe Atomic mass: 55.845 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.98 g/cm3 Melting point: 2862 °C Boiling point: 1538 °C
Lanthanide
The most common commercial use of samarium is in the manufacturing of samarium and cobalt magnets, which have a permanent magnetism surpassed only by neodymium magnets. Samarium and cobalt magnets are used in small motors, headphones, and high-quality magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments. Symbol: Sm Atomic mass: 150.36 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.16 g/cm3 Melting point: 1793.85 °C Boiling point: 1072 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1879
Samarium
Sm
62
METALLI DI TRANSIZIONE
Smooth Operator-Sade
Questi elementi sono super versatili, cambiano facilmente, formano leghe complesse e sono usati in tantissime funzioni (conduttori, catalizzatori). Il suono fluido, sofisticato e un po' "misterioso" del jazz/funk di Sade cattura questa loro complessità e adattabilità.
Titanium
Nickel
Manganese
Ti
Mn
Ni
22
25
28
Scandium
Chromium
Cobalt
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Vanadium
Co
Zn
Cr
Sc
Fe
Cu
21
24
27
30
23
29
26
Zirconium
Palladium
Technetium
Zr
Tc
Pd
46
43
40
Cadmium
Rhodium
Molybdenum
Yttrium
Niobium
Ruthenium
Silver
Rh
Cd
Mo
Ag
Ru
Nb
42
48
45
39
47
44
41
Platinum
Rhenium
Hafnium
Hf
Re
Pt
78
75
72
Tungsten
Iridium
Mercury
Tantalum
Osmium
Gold
Hg
Ir
Ta
Os
Au
77
80
74
73
76
79
Bohrium
Bh
107
Seaborgium
Hassium
Dubnium
Sg
Db
Hs
106
105
108
Rutherfordium
Rf
104
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
ALOGENI
Smells Like Teen Spirit- Nirvana
Sono gli elementi più "aggressivi" e reattivi, cercano sempre di "prendere" un elettrone. Questa canzone ha un'energia grezza e un impatto forte, proprio come il Fluoro o il Cloro.
PLAYLIST PERIODICA
Leonardo Bacchetti
Created on March 19, 2026
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Transcript
METALLI ALCALIN-TERROSI
ALOGENI
METALLI ALCALINI
GAS NOBILI
ALTRI ELEMENTI
METALLI DI TRANSIZIONE
Hydrogen
Helium
He
PLAYLIST PERIODICA
Lithium
Li
Fluorine
Boron
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Neon
Carbon
Ne
10
Beryllium
Be
Sodium
Na
11
Aluminium
Sulfur
Al
Magnesium
Mg
12
16
13
Argon
Phosphorus
Chlorine
Silicon
Ar
Cl
Si
18
15
14
17
Potassium
Gallium
Titanium
Selenium
Nickel
Manganese
Se
Ti
Mn
Ni
Ga
22
34
25
28
31
19
Scandium
Arsenic
Krypton
Chromium
Cobalt
Zinc
Calcium
Germanium
Iron
Copper
Vanadium
Bromine
Co
Zn
Kr
Cr
Sc
As
Ca
Ge
Br
Fe
Cu
33
21
24
36
27
30
32
20
23
35
29
26
Rubidium
Indium
Tellurium
Zirconium
Palladium
Technetium
Rb
In
Te
Zr
Tc
Pd
46
43
52
40
49
37
Cadmium
Rhodium
Xenon
Molybdenum
Antimony
Yttrium
Niobium
Iodine
Ruthenium
Silver
Tin
Strontium
Rh
Cd
Xe
Mo
Sb
Ag
Ru
Nb
Sn
Sr
42
54
48
45
39
51
50
38
47
44
53
41
Caesium
Thallium
Tl
Cs
Platinum
Rhenium
Polonium
Hafnium
Po
Hf
Re
Pt
81
55
78
75
84
72
Lanthanum
Bismuth
Barium
Lead
La
Bi
Tungsten
Radon
Iridium
Mercury
Pb
Ba
Astatine
Tantalum
Osmium
Gold
57
83
Hg
Ir
Rn
At
Ta
Os
Au
82
56
77
80
86
74
85
73
76
79
Nihonium
Francium
Nh
Fr
Rutherfordium
Livermorium
Darmstadtium
Bohrium
87
113
Bh
Ds
Rf
Lv
110
107
116
104
Moscovium
Actinium
Radium
Flerovium
Ac
Mc
Seaborgium
Oganesson
Copernicium
Meitnerium
Roentgenium
Hassium
Tennessine
Dubnium
Fl
Ra
Cn
Mt
Og
Sg
89
115
Db
Ts
Rg
Hs
114
88
118
106
112
109
105
117
108
111
Holmium
Ho
Gadolinium
Promethium
Ytterbium
Cerium
Yb
Ce
Pm
Gd
67
64
61
70
58
Thulium
Erbium
Tm
Neodymium
Europium
Dysprosium
Er
Lutetium
Praseodymium
Samarium
Terbium
69
Dy
Eu
Nd
Lu
Pr
Sm
Tb
68
63
66
60
71
59
62
65
Berkelium
Bk
97
Einsteinium
Es
Thorium
Nobelium
Curium
Neptunium
99
Np
Cm
Th
No
96
93
102
90
Mendelevium
Fermium
Md
Uranium
Californium
Americium
Plutonium
Lawrencium
Protactinium
Fm
Cf
Am
101
Pa
Lr
Pu
100
92
98
95
91
103
94
Transition metal
Zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance and is often used as an alloying agent in materials exposed to aggressive environments, such as surgical devices, light filaments, and watch cases. Symbol: Zr Atomic mass: 91.224 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.8 g/cm3 Melting point: 4408.85 °C Boiling point: 1854.85 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1789
Zirconium
Zr
40
Transition metal
In February 2019, medical scientists announced that the iridium attached to albumin creates a photosensitized molecule that can penetrate cancer cells and, upon light irradiation (a process called "photodynamic therapy"), destroy them. Symbol: Ir Atomic mass: 192.217 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):19 g/cm3 Melting point: 4428 °C Boiling point: 2446 °C Discovered by: Smithson Tennant Year of discovery: 1803
Iridium
Ir
77
Lanthanide
Terbium is more common than metals like silver or mercury. Symbol: Tb Atomic mass: 158.92535 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.65 g/cm3 Melting point: 3230 °C Boiling point: 1355.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1843
Terbium
Tb
65
Reactive nonmetal
Chlorine
Cl
17
Chlorine gas, also called bertolita, was used for the first time as a weapon in World War I. Soldiers described its characteristic smell as a mixture of pepper and pineapple. Symbol: Cl Atomic mass: 35.453 u Melting point: -34.04 °C Boiling point: -101.5 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1774
Transition metal
The platinum-cobalt is an alloy of approximately three parts platinum and one part cobalt used to manufacture relatively strong permanent magnets. Symbol: Pt Atomic mass: 195.084 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 19.77 g/cm3 Melting point: 3825 °C Boiling point: 1768.3 °C Discovered by: Antonio de Ulloa Year of discovery: 1735
Platinum
Pt
78
Transition metal
Nickel resists corrosion even at high temperatures. Symbol: Ni Atomic mass: 58.6934 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.81 g/cm3 Melting point: 2730 °C Boiling point: 1455 °C Discovered by: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt Year of discovery: 1751
Nickel
Ni
28
Post-transition metal
A typical joke among chemists is to make spoons out of gallium and use them to serve tea to people who don't know that gallium has an appearance similar to aluminum, its lighter homolog. These spoons melt in hot tea. Symbol: Ga Atomic mass: 69.723 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.095 g/cm3 Melting point: 2400 °C Boiling point: 29.7646 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1875
Gallium
Ga
31
Metalloid
The germanium is created through stellar nucleosynthesis. It has been detected in some of the most distant stars and in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Symbol: Ge Atomic mass: 72.64 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.60 g/cm3 Melting point: 2833 °C Boiling point: 938.25 °C Discovered by: Clemens Winkler Year of discovery: 1886
Germanium
Ge
32
Lanthanide
The lutetium is the most expensive element. Symbol: Lu Atomic mass: 174.967 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 9.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 3402 °C Boiling point: 1663 °C Discovered by: Georges Urbain Year of discovery: 1907
Lutetium
Lu
71
Alkaline earth metal
The metal strontium finely powdered is pyrophoric, meaning it ignites spontaneously upon contact with air at room temperature. Symbol: Sr Atomic weight: 87.62 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.375 g/cm3 Melting point: 1381.85 °C Boiling point: 777 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Adair Crawford, William Cruickshank Year of discovery: 1790
Strontium
Sr
38
Neon
Ne
10
Noble gas
Neon is very common on a universal scale; it is the fifth most abundant chemical element by mass in the universe, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon. Symbol: Ne Atomic mass: 20.1797 u Fusion: -246.046 °C Boiling point: -248.59 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Beryllium
Be
Alkaline earth metal
The beryllium is a compound of various dental alloys. Symbol: Be Atomic mass: 9.012182 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.690 g/cm3 Melting point: 2469 °C Boiling point: 1286.85 °C Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1797
Post-transition metal
The stepped spiral structure of the crystals of bismuth is due to the fact that the growth rate is higher around the outer edges than the interior. Variations in the thickness of the oxide layer that forms on the surface of the crystal cause interference of different wavelengths in reflection, creating a rainbow of colors. Symbol: Bi Atomic mass: 208.9804 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.05 g/cm3 Melting point: 1564 °C Boiling point: 271.44 °C Discovered by: Claude François Geoffroy Year of discovery: 1753
Bismuth
Bi
83
Oxygen
Reactive nonmetal
In gaseous state, the oxygen is colorless. In liquid state, it is bluish. Symbol: O Atomic mass: 15.999 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.141 g/cm3 Melting point: -182.962 °C Boiling point: -218.79 °C Discovered by: Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Priestley, Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1774
Unknown chemical properties
The boiling point and melting point of darmstatio are unknown. Symbol: Ds Atomic mass: 281 u Discovered by: Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1994
Darmstatio
Ds
110
Unknown chemical properties
All isotopes of nihonium are unstable and radioactive. Symbol: Nh Atomic mass: 286 u Discovered by: RIKEN Year of discovery: 2003
Nihonium
Nh
113
Lanthanide
The thulium is used on euro banknotes to prevent counterfeiting. Symbol: Tm Atomic mass: 168.93421 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.56 g/cm3 Melting point: 1950 °C Boiling point: 1544.85 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve Year of discovery: 1879
Thulium
Tm
69
Transition metal
Alloys of cobalt are used to manufacture reaction turbines. Symbol: Co Atomic mass: 58.933195 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.86 g/cm3 Melting point: 2869.85 °C Boiling point: 1495 °C Discovered by: Georg Brandt Year of discovery: 1735
Cobalt
Co
27
Transition metal
The oldest pills known were made with zinc carbonates, hydrocincite, and smithsonite. These pills were used to soothe eye irritation and were found aboard the Roman ship Relitto del Pozzino, which sank in 140 BC. Symbol: Zn Atomic mass: 65.38 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 907 °C Boiling point: 419.53 °C Discovered by: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf Year of discovery: 1746
Zinc
Zn
30
Dont't Stop Me Now- Queen
Lithium
Li
METALLI ALCALINI
Sodium
Na
11
Potassium
19
Questi elementi sono molto reattivi, come l'energia di questa canzone. Sono fondamentali per tante reazioni, proprio come questa canzone è fondamentale per dare la carica.
Rubidium
Rb
37
Cesium
Cs
55
Francium
Fr
87
Lanthanide
The compounds of neodymium were first used commercially in 1927 to dye glass and remain a very common additive in crystals. Symbol: Nd Atomic mass: 144.242 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.89 g/cm3 Melting point: 3073.85 °C Boiling point: 1020.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach Year of discovery: 1885
Neodymium
Nd
60
Lanthanide
The dysprosium used in ship sonar systems. Symbol: Dy Atomic mass: 162.5 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.37 g/cm3 Melting point: 2566.85 °C Boiling point: 1412 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1886
Dysprosium
Dy
66
Transition metal
Scandium is more abundant on the Moon and the Sun than on Earth. Symbol: Sc Atomic mass: 44.955912 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.80 g/cm3 Melting point: 2835.85 °C Boiling point: 1540.85 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve, Lars Fredrik Nilson Year of discovery: 1879
Scandium
Sc
21
Actinide
The protactinium is one of the rarest and most expensive naturally occurring elements. Symbol: Pa Atomic mass: 231.03588 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 15.37 g/cm3 Melting point: 4000 °C Boiling point: 1568 °C Discovered by: Kasimir Fajans, Oswald Helmuth Göhring Year of discovery: 1913
Protactinium
Pa
91
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Actinide
The nobelium, like all elements with an atomic number greater than 100, can only be obtained in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. Symbol: No Atomic mass: 259 u Boiling point: 826.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 1958
Nobelium
No
102
Transition metal
Most of the hafnium produced is used for manufacturing control rods for nuclear reactors. Symbol: Hf Atomic mass: 178.49 u Density (liquid state at melting point):12 g/cm3 Melting point: 4601.85 °C Boiling point: 2227 °C Discovered by: George Hevesy, Dirk Coster Year of discovery: 1923
Hafnium
Hf
72
Unknown chemical properties
The livermorium is obtained by bombarding curium with calcium. Symbol: Lv Atomic mass: 293 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 2000
Livermorium
Lv
116
Lithium
Li
Alkali metal
Lithium, despite being a metal, is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Symbol: Li Atomic mass: 6.941 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.512 g/cm3 Melting point: 1342 °C Boiling point: 180.54 °C Discovered by: Johann Arfwedson Year of discovery: 1817
Unknown chemical properties
Properties of meitnerium and its compounds have not been calculated; this is because its production is extremely limited and costly. Symbol: Mt Atomic mass: 278 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1982
Meitnerium
Mt
109
Alkaline earth metal
Alkali metal salts attracted alchemists because, when exposed to light, they glowed for years. Symbol: Ba Atomic mass: 137.327 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 3.338 g/cm3 Melting point: 1897 °C Boiling point: 727 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1808
Barium
Ba
56
Lanthanide
Praseodymium is used for the manufacturing of wind turbines. Symbol: Pr Atomic mass: 140.90765 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.50 g/cm3 Melting point: 3520 °C Boiling point: 930.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach Year of discovery: 1885
Praseodymium
Pr
59
Transition metal
Hasio is produced artificially and, for now, only in small quantities. Symbol: Hs Atomic mass: 269 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1984
Hasio
Hs
108
Transition metal
Since it is a synthetic element, it does not appear naturally on Earth and can only be created in a laboratory. Symbol: Rf Atomic mass: 261 u Boiling point: 2100 °C Discovered by: Ernest Rutherford, Albert Ghiorso, Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 1964
Rutherfordium
Rf
104
Actinide
The americium is commonly used in smoke detectors. Symbol: Am Atomic mass: 243 u Fusion: 2606.85 °C Boiling point: 1175.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James Year of discovery: 1944
Americium
Am
95
Transition metal
Titanium is a corrosion-resistant element, even resistant to water and chlorine. Symbol: Ti Atomic mass: 47.867 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 4.11 g/cm3 Melting point: 3286.85 °C Boiling point: 1668 °C Discovered by: William Gregor Year of discovery: 1791
Titanium
Ti
22
Actinide
The neptunium is mainly used for research purposes. Symbol: Np Atomic mass: 237.0482 u Density (liquid state at melting point): standard accepted value: 19.38 g/cm3 Melting point: 3901.85 °C Boiling point: 644 °C Discovered by: Philip Hauge Abelson Year of discovery: 1940
Neptunium
Np
93
Post-transition metal
Aluminum
Al
13
Aluminum, despite being very abundant in the Earth's crust, has no known biological function. Symbol: Al Atomic mass: 26.9815386 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.375 g/cm3 Melting point: 2470 °C Boiling point: 660.32 °C Discovered by: Hans Christian Ørsted Year of discovery: 1825
Transition metal
Rhodium is resistant to most acids. Symbol: Rh Atomic mass: 102.9055 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.7 g/cm3 Melting point: 3696.85 °C Boiling point: 1962.85 °C Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Year of discovery: 1803
Rhodium
Rh
45
Noble gas
Radon is also present in some underground waters, such as spring waters and thermal springs. Symbol: Rn Atomic mass: 222 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.4 g/cm3 Melting point: -61.7 °C Boiling point: -71.15 °C Discovered by: Friedrich Ernst Dorn Year of discovery: 1900
Radon
Rn
86
Nitrogen
Reactive nonmetal
Liquid nitrogen is used in molecular gastronomy to make very creamy ice creams. Symbol: N Atomic mass: 14.0067 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.808 g/cm3 Melting point: -195.79 °C Boiling point: -210.01 °C Discovered by: Daniel Rutherford Year of discovery: 1772
Lanthanide
The promethium is used in atomic batteries. These batteries have an approximate lifespan of five years. Symbol: Pm Atomic mass: 145 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.26 g/cm3 Melting point: 2999.85 °C Boiling point: 1041.85 °C Discovered by: Jacob A. Marinsky, Charles D. Coryell, Lawrence E. Glendenin Year of discovery: 1945
Promethium
Pm
61
Transition metal
Chromium is extremely hard: it is the third hardest element after carbon (diamond) and boron. Symbol: Cr Atomic mass: 51.9961 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 2671.85 °C Boiling point: 1907 °C Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin Year of discovery: 1797
Chromium
Cr
24
Unknown chemical properties
The most stable known isotope, 285Cn, has a half-life of 29 seconds. Symbol: Cn Atomic mass: 285 u Discovered by: Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1996
Copernicium
Cn
112
Alkali metal
There are only between 20 and 30 g in the Earth's crust; the other isotopes (except francium-221) are completely synthetic. Symbol: Fr Atomic mass: 223 u Melting point: 676.85 °C Boiling point: 27 °C Discovered by: Marguerite Perey Year of discovery: 1939
Francium
Fr
87
Actinide
Some chemical experiments have confirmed that lawrencium behaves like a heavier homolog of lutetium in the periodic table and is a trivalent element. Symbol: Lr Atomic mass: 262 u Boiling point: 1627 °C Discovered by: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1961
Lawrencium
Lr
103
Transition metal
270Bh is the most stable known isotope of bohrium, with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds, although the unconfirmed isotope 278Bh may have a longer half-life (about 690 seconds). Symbol: Bh Atomic mass: 264 u Discovered by: Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Münzenberg Year of discovery: 1981
Bohrium
Bh
107
Actinide
Isotopes of curium are used as a heat source in space programs. Symbol: Cm Atomic mass: 247 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 13.51 g/cm3 Fusion: 3109.85 °C Boiling point: 1346.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Ralph A. James Year of discovery: 1944
Curium
Cm
96
Reactive nonmetal
Sulfur
16
According to the Ebers Papyrus, in ancient Egypt a sulfur ointment was used to treat eyelid inflammation. Symbol: S Atomic mass: 32.065 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.819 g/cm3 Melting point: 444.6 °C Boiling point: 112.8 °C
Lanthanide
The erbium has a pink color and is used for dyeing glass and enamels. Symbol: Er Atomic mass: 167.259 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.86 g/cm3 Melting point: 2868 °C Boiling point: 1528.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1843
Erbium
Er
68
Transition metal
The mercury is one of the few elements that remain liquid at room temperature. Symbol: Hg Atomic mass: 200.59 u Fusion: 356.73 °C Boiling point: -38.829 °C
Mercury
Hg
80
Alkali metal
Cesium is one of the only five elemental metals that remain liquid at room temperature or at a similar temperature. Symbol: Cs Atomic mass: 132.9054519 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.843 g/cm3 Melting point: 670.85 °C Boiling point: 28.44 °C Discovered by: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen Year of discovery: 1860
Caesium
Cs
55
Metalloid
In the Victorian era, women ingested arsenic (white arsenic or arsenic trioxide) mixed with vinegar and chalk to have a paler complexion and thus show that they did not work in the fields. Symbol: As Atomic mass: 74.9216 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.22 g/cm3 Melting point: 613 °C Boiling point: 816.85 °C Discovered by: Albertus Magnus Year of discovery: 1250
Arsenic
As
33
Actinide
If you touched a small piece of plutonium, you would feel heat due to the energy released by alpha decay. A larger piece of this metal could boil water. Symbol: Pu Atomic mass: 244 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 16.63 g/cm3 Melting point: 3231.85 °C Boiling point: 639.4 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin Mattison McMillan, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy Year of discovery: 1940
Plutonium
Pu
94
Beryllium
Be
METALLI ALCALINO-TERROSI
Seven Nation Army- The White Stripes
Magnesium
Mg
12
Calcium
Ca
20
Sono elementi "sostanziosi", che aiutano a costruire cose importanti, come le ossa. La canzone ha un suono forte e "massiccio", che fa capire quanto sono solidi e fondamentali.
Strontium
Sr
38
Barium
Ba
56
Radium
Ra
88
Lanthanide
Holmium has properties that are unusual magnetic. Symbol: Ho Atomic mass: 164.93032 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.34 g/cm3 Melting point: 2694.85 °C Boiling point: 1474 °C Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve, Marc Delafontaine, Jacques-Louis Soret Year of discovery: 1878
Holmium
Ho
67
Reactive nonmetal
Selenium is used for glass manufacturing. Symbol: Se Atomic mass: 78.96 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 3.99 g/cm3 Melting point: 684.85 °C Boiling point: 220.85 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Johan Gottlieb Gahn Year of discovery: 1817
Selenium
Se
34
Post-transition metal
Polonium is present in the food chain, especially in shellfish. Symbol: Po Atomic mass: 209 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):beta: 9.398 g/cm3 Melting point: 962 °C Boiling point: 253.85 °C Discovered by: Marie Curie, Pierre Curie Year of discovery: 1898
Polonium
Po
84
Transition metal
Copper
Cu
29
Copper, along with gold and meteoric iron, was one of the first metals used by humans. Symbol: Cu Atomic mass: 63.546 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.02 g/cm3 Melting point: 2562 °C Boiling point: 1084.62 °C Year of discovery: -8999
Alkaline earth
Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones. Symbol: Ca Atomic mass :40.078 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 1.378 g/cm3 Melting point: 1483.85 °C Boiling point: 842 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1808
Calcium
Ca
20
Transition metal
Seaborgium, being a synthetic element, can be created in a laboratory, but does not occur naturally on Earth. Symbol: Sg Atomic mass: 269 u Discovered by: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1974
Seaborgium
Sg
106
Reactive nonmetal
Bromine
Br
35
Bromine is used to purify water. Symbol: Br Atomic mass: 79.904 u Melting point: 58.8 °C Boiling point: -7.2 °C Discovered by: Antoine-Jérôme Balard, Carl Jacob Löwig Year of discovery: 1826
Boron
Metalloid
Boron is a vital nutrient for plants, whose main function is to maintain the integrity of cell walls. Symbol: B Atomic mass: 10.811 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.08 g/cm3 Melting point: 4000 °C Boiling point: 2076 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, Louis Jacques Thénard Year of discovery: 1808
Transition metal
Manganese is an essential element for photosynthesis. Without it, there would be no free oxygen on Earth. Symbol: Mn Atomic mass: 54.938044 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.95 g/cm3 Melting point: 2061 °C Boiling point: 1246 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Johan Gottlieb Gahn, Ignatius Gottfried Kaim Year of discovery: 1774
Manganese
Mn
25
Transition metal
Tungsten alloys have numerous applications; they are used, for example, in incandescent light bulb filaments. Symbol: W Atomic mass: 183.84 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.6 g/cm3 Melting point: 5555 °C Boiling point: 3421.85 °C Discovered by: Juan José Delhuyar, Fausto Delhuyar Year of discovery: 1783
Tungsten
74
Transition metal
The molybdenum has one of the highest melting points. Symbol: Mo Atomic mass: 95.95 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 9.33 g/cm3 Melting point: 4638.85 °C Boiling point: 2622.85 °C Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Year of discovery: 1778
Molybdenum
Mo
42
Transition metal
Osmium tetroxide has been used to detect fingerprints and stain adipose tissue for subsequent examination under optical and electron microscopes. Symbol: Os Atomic mass: 190.23 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):20 g/cm3 Melting point: 5026.85 °C Boiling point: 3033 °C Discovered by: Smithson Tennant Year of discovery: 1803
Osmium
Os
76
Transition metal
NASA's Apollo missions collected lunar rock samples containing yttrium. Symbol: Y Atomic weight: 88.90585 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.24 g/cm3 Melting point: 3337.85 °C Boiling point: 1526 °C Discovered by: Johan Gadolin Year of discovery: 1794
Yttrium
39
Lanthanide
Gadolinium is used in microwave technology. Symbol: Gd Atomic mass: 157.25 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 7.4 g/cm3 Melting point: 3271.85 °C Boiling point: 1311.85 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Year of discovery: 1880
Gadolinium
Gd
64
Transition metal
Rhenium is used as an additive in high-temperature superalloys used to manufacture jet engine parts. Symbol: Re Atomic weight: 186.207 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 18.9 g/cm3 Melting point: 5596.85 °C Boiling point: 3181.85 °C Discovered by: Walter Noddack, Ida Noddack, Otto Berg Year of discovery: 1925
Rhenium
Re
75
Transition metal
Gold was one of the first pure metals used by humans. Symbol: Au Atomic mass: 196.966569 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.31 g/cm3 Melting point: 2700 °C Boiling point: 1064.18 °C
Gold
Au
79
Actinide
Fermium was discovered in the side effects of the thermonuclear bomb test "Ivy Mike". Symbol: Fm Atomic mass: 257 u Boiling point: 1526.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1953
Fermium
Fm
100
Metalloid
Sulfur of antimony (III), Sb2S3, was used as an eye cosmetic (kohl) in Egypt's predynastic period, around 3100 B.C., when cosmetic palettes were invented. Symbol: Sb Atomic mass: 121.76 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.53 g/cm3 Melting point: 1586.85 °C Boiling point: 630.63 °C Year of discovery: -1599
Antimony
Sb
51
Lanthanide
Used on the walls of furnaces with self-cleaning system. Symbol: Ce Atomic weight: 140.116 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.55 g/cm3 Melting point: 3257 °C Boiling point: 795 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1803
Cerium
Ce
58
Transition metal
Compounds of cadmium are used as red, orange, and yellow pigments. In Bob Ross's television program "The Joy of Painting," a yellow cadmium paint was often used. Symbol: Cd Atomic mass: 112.411 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 7.996 g/cm3 Melting point: 766.85 °C Boiling point: 321.11 °C Discovered by: Friedrich Stromeyer, Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann Year of discovery: 1817
Cadmium
Cd
48
Noble gas
Krypton
Kr
36
The krypton is one of the gases used in neon signs. Symbol: Kr Atomic mass: 83.798 u Fusion: -153.415 °C Boiling point: -157.36 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Unknown chemical properties
Moscovium is a highly radioactive element: its most stable known isotope, moscovium-290, has a half-life of only 0.65 seconds. Symbol: Mc Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research Year of discovery: 2003
Moscovium
Mc
115
Metalloid
The Santa Clara Valley, located in California, adopted the nickname Silicon Valley because here the silicon is the basic material of the semiconductor industry. Symbol: Si Atomic mass: 28.0855 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 2.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 2355 °C Boiling point: 1410 °C Discovered by: Antoine Lavoisier, Jöns Jacob Berzelius Year of discovery: 1823
Silicon
Si
14
Transition metal
Niobium appears almost always naturally, along with tantalum. Symbol: Nb Atomic mass: 92.90638 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 8.57 g/cm3 Melting point: 4927 °C Boiling point: 2468.85 °C Discovered by: Charles Hatchett Year of discovery: 1801
Niobium
Nb
41
Alkali metal
Sodium
Na
11
The most common compound of sodium is sodium chloride, that is, table salt. Symbol: Na Atomic mass: 22.98976928 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.927 g/cm3 Melting point: 882.85 °C Boiling point: 97.794 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1807
Transition metal
Tantalum is used extensively for the manufacturing of surgical instruments and implants because it resists attack from body fluids and is non-irritating. Symbol: Ta Atomic mass: 180.94788 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):15 g/cm3 Melting point: 5456.85 °C Boiling point: 3019.85 °C Discovered by: Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Year of discovery: 1802
Tantalum
Ta
73
Transition metal
Technetium was the first element to be artificially produced. Symbol: Tc Atomic mass: 98 u Fusion: 4264.85 °C Boiling point: 2203.85 °C Discovered by: Emilio Gino Segrè, Carlo Perrier Year of discovery: 1937
Technetium
Tc
43
Actinide
Dioxide of Thorium is found in heat-resistant ceramics, such as laboratory crucibles that withstand high temperatures. Symbol: Th Atomic mass: 232.03806 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 11.7 g/cm3 Melting point: 4786.85 °C Boiling point: 1754.85 °C Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius Year of discovery: 1828
Thorium
Th
90
Alkaline earth
The radium was formerly used in luminous clock paints, nuclear panels, airplane switches, wall clocks, and instrument buttons. Symbol: Ra Atomic mass: 226 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.5 g/cm3 Melting point: 1737 °C Boiling point: 700 °C Discovered by: Marie Curie, Pierre Curie Year of discovery: 1898
Radium
Ra
88
Carbon
Reactive nonmetal
Carbon carbon is, after oxygen, the most abundant element by mass in the human body (approximately 18.5%). Symbol: C Atomic mass: 12.011 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): diamond: 3.515 g/cm3 Boiling point: 3550 °C
Alkali metal
Potassium was the first metal isolated through electrolysis. Symbol: K Atomic mass: 39.0983 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 0.828 g/cm3 Melting point: 758.85 °C Boiling point: 63.5 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy Year of discovery: 1807
Potassium
19
Transition metal
Chloride of palladium was formerly prescribed as a treatment for tuberculosis. This treatment had many negative side effects and was later replaced by more effective medications. Symbol: Pd Atomic mass: 106.42 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.38 g/cm3 Melting point: 2963 °C Boiling point: 1554.9 °C Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Year of discovery: 1803
Palladium
Pd
46
Transition metal
Silver is the metal with the highest thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as greater reflectivity. Symbol: Ag Atomic weight: 107.8682 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 9.320 g/cm3 Melting point: 2162 °C Boiling point: 961.78 °C
Silver
Ag
47
Alkali metal
El rubidium has been widely used to determine the age of rocks. Symbol: Rb Atomic mass: 85.4678 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 1.46 g/cm3 Melting point: 688 °C Boiling point: 39.48 °C Discovered by: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen Year of discovery: 1861
Rubidium
Rb
37
Hydrogen
Reactive nonmetal
H hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and makes up approximately 75% of its mass. Symbol: H Atomic mass: 1.00784 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 0.07099 g/cm3 Fusion: -252.87 °C Boiling point: -259.16 °C Discovered by: Henry Cavendish Year of discovery: 1766
Actinide
The californium can be easily cut with a razor blade. Symbol: Cf Atomic mass: 251 u Fusion: 1472 °C Boiling point: 898.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1950
Californium
Cf
98
Post-transition metal
Lead lead is a relatively easy-to-obtain metal, so it has been used since prehistory. Symbol: Pb Atomic mass: 207.2 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.66 g/cm3 Melting point: 1749 °C Boiling point: 327.5 °C
Lead
Pb
82
Lanthanide
The lanthanum was used for the first time in history in gas lamp shirts. Symbol: La Atomic mass: 138.90547 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.94 g/cm3 Melting point: 3463.85 °C Boiling point: 920 °C Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Year of discovery: 1839
Lanthanum
La
57
Transition metal
Apparently, the Polish chemist Jędrzej Sniadecki was the first to isolate the ruthenium, but he retracted his discovery after other scientists failed to replicate his results. Symbol: Ru Atomic mass: 101.07 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 10.65 g/cm3 Melting point: 4150 °C Boiling point: 2334 °C Discovered by: Karl Ernst Claus Year of discovery: 1844
Ruthenium
Ru
44
Metalloid
The compounds of tellurium are used as pigments for ceramics. Symbol: Te Atomic mass: 127.6 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 5.70 g/cm3 Melting point: 987.85 °C Boiling point: 449.51 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein Year of discovery: 1782
Tellurium
Te
52
Lanthanide
Europium becomes a superconductor when cooled below 1.8 K and compressed above 80 GPa. Symbol: Eu Atomic mass: 151.964 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.13 g/cm3 Melting point: 1529 °C Boiling point: 826 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Eugène Demarçay Year of discovery: 1901
Europium
Eu
63
Transition metal
Vanadium is harder than most metals and steels. Symbol: V Atomic mass: 50.9415 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 5.5 g/cm3 Melting point: 3407 °C Boiling point: 1910 °C Discovered by: Andrés Manuel del Río Year of discovery: 1801
Vanadium
23
Reactive nonmetal
Iodine was discovered by chance. In 1811, chemist Bernard Courtois used too much sulfuric acid while trying to extract saltpeter from seaweed. This caused a violet vapor to appear, which condensed into black crystals that Courtois called "substance X". Symbol: I Atomic mass: 126.90447 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 4.933 g/cm3 Melting point: 184.3 °C Boiling point: 113.7 °C Discovered by: Bernard Courtois Year of discovery: 1811
Iodine
53
Post-transition metal
Agatha Christie used thallium as a murder weapon in her detective novel "The Pale Horse". Symbol: Tl Atomic mass: 204.3833 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 11.22 g/cm3 Melting point: 1472.85 °C Boiling point: 303.85 °C Discovered by: William Crookes Year of discovery: 1861
Thallium
Tl
81
Unknown chemical properties
No one knows for sure what the appearance of roentgenium looks like. Symbol: Rg Atomic mass: 282 u Discovered by: Victor Ninov, Sigurd Hofmann Year of discovery: 1994
Roentgenium
Rg
111
Actinide
The mendelevium was discovered in 1955 by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles, the same method used today to obtain it. Symbol: Md Atomic mass: 258 u Boiling point: 827 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg Year of discovery: 1955
Mendelevium
Md
101
Helium
He
Noble gas
Helium was discovered in the Sun, before it was found on Earth. Symbol: He Atomic mass: 4.002602 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 0.145 g/cm3 Melting point: -268.93 °C Boiling point: -272.2 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Norman Lockyer, Per Teodor Cleve, Pierre Janssen Year of discovery: 1868
Noble gas
In the 1930s, American engineer Harold Edgerton began exploring stroboscopic light technology for high-speed photography. Soon after, he invented the gas lamp xenon, which emitted flashes of light when a small electric current passed through a tube filled with this gas. Symbol: Xe Atomic mass: 131.293 u Fusion: -108.12 °C Boiling point: -111.75 °C Discovered by: William Ramsay, Morris Travers Year of discovery: 1898
Xenon
Xe
54
Actinide
In the civil sector, the uranium is mainly used as fuel for nuclear power plants. Symbol: U Atomic mass: 238.02891 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 17.3 g/cm3 Melting point: 4131 °C Boiling point: 1132.2 °C Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth Year of discovery: 1789
Uranium
92
Transition metal
The dubnium does not appear naturally on Earth and is produced artificially. Symbol: Db Atomic mass: 262 u Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1967
Dubnium
Db
105
Post-transition metal
"Tin cry" is the characteristic sound heard when a bar of tin is bent. This effect, which has been described interchangeably as a "scream" or a "creak", occurs due to the crystallite bonding in the metal. Symbol: Sn Atomic mass: 118.71 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.99 g/cm3 Melting point: 2602 °C Boiling point: 231.93 °C
Tin
Sn
50
Alkaline earth
Magnesium
Mg
12
Some of the main producers of magnesium in the second decade of the 21st century are China, Russia, and Turkey. Symbol: Mg Atomic mass: 24.305 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.584 g/cm3 Melting point: 1091 °C Boiling point: 650 °C Discovered by: Humphry Davy, Joseph Black Year of discovery: 1755
Noble gas
Argon
Ar
18
The air is the main industrial source of purified argon products. Symbol: Ar Atomic mass: 39.948 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 1.3954 g/cm3 Melting point: -185.85 °C Boiling point: -189.35 °C Discovered by: Lord Rayleigh, William Ramsay Year of discovery: 1894
Actinide
The actinium glows in the dark emitting a bluish light, which is created when energetic particles emitted ionize the surrounding air. Symbol: Ac Atomic mass: 227 u Density (in liquid state at melting point):10 g/cm3 Melting point: 3196.85 °C Boiling point: 1050 °C Discovered by: André-Louis Debierne Year of discovery: 1899
Actinium
Ac
89
Post-transitional metal
The indium squeaks when bent; the sound it makes is similar to when a tin bar is bent ("tin cry"). Symbol: In Atomic weight: 114.818 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.02 g/cm3 Melting point: 2072 °C Boiling point: 156.63 °C Discovered by: Ferdinand Reich Year of discovery: 1863
Indium
In
49
Lanthanide
Ytterbium has no biological function. Symbol: Yb Atomic mass: 173.04 u Density (liquid state at melting point): 6.21 g/cm3 Melting point: 1195.85 °C Boiling point: 819 °C Discovered by: Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac Year of discovery: 1878
Ytterbium
Yb
70
Actinide
Berkelium exists in such small quantities that there is practically no information about its properties. Symbol: Bk Atomic mass: 247 u Melting point: 2627 °C Boiling point: 984.85 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1949
Berkelium
Bk
97
Helium
He
Neon
Ne
10
GAS NOBILI
Weightless- Marconi Union
Argon
Ar
18
Krypton
Kr
36
Sono stabili, non reagiscono. Questa musica è studiata per rilassare e creare un'atmosfera calma e "distaccata", perfetta per descrivere questi elementi che se ne stanno per conto loro.
Xenon
Xe
54
Radon
Rn
86
Reactive nonmetal
Phosphorus
15
Elemental phosphorus exists in two main forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element on Earth. Symbol: P Atomic mass: 30.973762 u Melting point: 280.5 °C Boiling point: 44.1 °C Discovered by: Hennig Brand Year of discovery: 1669
Actinide
Despite the very limited scientific information about einsteinium, it is known that this metal poses a threat to human health. Symbol: Es Atomic mass: 252 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 8.84 g/cm3 Boiling point: 860 °C Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso Year of discovery: 1952
Einsteinium
Es
99
Transition metal
Iron
Fe
26
Blood is red due to the interaction between the iron and oxygen. Symbol: Fe Atomic mass: 55.845 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 6.98 g/cm3 Melting point: 2862 °C Boiling point: 1538 °C
Lanthanide
The most common commercial use of samarium is in the manufacturing of samarium and cobalt magnets, which have a permanent magnetism surpassed only by neodymium magnets. Samarium and cobalt magnets are used in small motors, headphones, and high-quality magnetic pickups for guitars and related musical instruments. Symbol: Sm Atomic mass: 150.36 u Density (in liquid state at melting point): 7.16 g/cm3 Melting point: 1793.85 °C Boiling point: 1072 °C Discovered by: Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran Year of discovery: 1879
Samarium
Sm
62
METALLI DI TRANSIZIONE
Smooth Operator-Sade
Questi elementi sono super versatili, cambiano facilmente, formano leghe complesse e sono usati in tantissime funzioni (conduttori, catalizzatori). Il suono fluido, sofisticato e un po' "misterioso" del jazz/funk di Sade cattura questa loro complessità e adattabilità.
Titanium
Nickel
Manganese
Ti
Mn
Ni
22
25
28
Scandium
Chromium
Cobalt
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Vanadium
Co
Zn
Cr
Sc
Fe
Cu
21
24
27
30
23
29
26
Zirconium
Palladium
Technetium
Zr
Tc
Pd
46
43
40
Cadmium
Rhodium
Molybdenum
Yttrium
Niobium
Ruthenium
Silver
Rh
Cd
Mo
Ag
Ru
Nb
42
48
45
39
47
44
41
Platinum
Rhenium
Hafnium
Hf
Re
Pt
78
75
72
Tungsten
Iridium
Mercury
Tantalum
Osmium
Gold
Hg
Ir
Ta
Os
Au
77
80
74
73
76
79
Bohrium
Bh
107
Seaborgium
Hassium
Dubnium
Sg
Db
Hs
106
105
108
Rutherfordium
Rf
104
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
Unknown chemical properties
The latest results show that the reaction of flerovium with gold is similar to that of copernicium, demonstrating that it is a highly volatile element that can even become gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Symbol: Fl Atomic mass: 289 u Discovered by: Central Institute of Nuclear Research, Sigurd Hofmann, Fliórov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Year of discovery: 1998
Flerovium
Fl
114
ALOGENI
Smells Like Teen Spirit- Nirvana
Sono gli elementi più "aggressivi" e reattivi, cercano sempre di "prendere" un elettrone. Questa canzone ha un'energia grezza e un impatto forte, proprio come il Fluoro o il Cloro.