Unit 8: Notes Answer Keys

Guided Notes Answer Keys

Unit 8: Earth's Watere

Science 6

Topic 2: Earth's Oceans

Glossary

Topic 1: Earth's Freshe Water

Introduction to the Ocean

Water on Earth

Surface Water

Classkick Glossary

Ocean Movements

Assignment: The Water Cycle

The Ocean Floor

Ground water

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Ocean LIfe

Study Guide for Quiz: Earth's Fresh Water

Study Guide for Quiz: Earth's Ocean

Water on Earth

Notebook page 96

water cycle - the natural, continual process that describes how water moves between Earth's surface and atmosphere.

condensation – water vapor cools in the atmosphere and turns back into a liquid. This forms clouds.

precipitation – water in clouds becomes too heavy and falls back down to the surface. Ex: rain, snow, sleet

evaporation – heat from the sun warms surface water enough to turn it from a liquid to a gas. The gas rises into the atmosphere. *transpiration – plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

runoff – water flows across surface

infiltration – water soaks into the ground

Notebook page 98

definition

illustration

Fresh water that flows across and sits on the surface of the earth

surface water

groundwater – found UNDER the surface

lakes, rivers, streams

example

non-example

Notebook page 99

Groundwater

groundwater – fresh water that is found UNDER the surface of the earth, it is stored in rocks, soil, and sediment.

aquitard: a layer of rock or soil that slows the flow of water. It sits above the aquifer and acts like a barrier to keep water from moving through easily.

water table: the depth under the surface where groundwater starts.

aquifer: a layer of rock or soil that holds groundwater

aquitard: an aquitard below the aquifer is a layer of rock or soil that stops water from moving further down

artesian well: a well that does NOT need a pump to bring water up, pressure pushes it up naturally.

Introduction to the Ocean

Notebook page 100

Factors Affecting Salinity

1. Evaporation - what water evaporates, it leaves salt behind.
2. Precipitation - Rainfall adds fresh water to the ocean, lowering salinity
3. River inflow - rivers bring fresh water into the ocean, making that water less salty
4. Freezing and melting of ice - in polar regions, when sea ice forms, it leaves salt behind in water, making the water saltier. But when ice melts, it adds fresh water to the ocaen, making it less salty.

Notebook page 101

Ocean Movements

definition

illustration

the rise and fall of the level of the ocean caused by the Moon's gravity and the Sun

Factors that affect ocean currents

1. Wind
2. Water density - varies due to temperature and salt content
3. Coriolis effect - as the Earth rotates, water is pushed to the right in the northern hemisphere and the left in the southern hemisphere.

tides

At 5:55 am, the tide come in on the beach and knocks down our sandcastle

large and small waves

example

non-example

Notebook page 102

The Ocean Floor

Continental Margins

The Ocean Floor - ocean basins next page

Notebook page 102

Ocean Basins

Ocean Life

Notebook pages 103

• neritic zone: located near the coast. This area receives plenty of sunlight, supporting marine life.
• oceanic zone: lies farther from the coast and is much deeper. There is lower light and colder temperatures.

pelagic environment

benthic environment

• littoral zone: the area between high and low tide marks. Contains the superlittoral and eulittoral regions.
• supralittoral region: is above the high tide line and often out of the water.
• eulittoral region: is between the high and low tide lines. It is regularly covered and uncovered by tides
• sublittoral zone: located just below the low tide mark and extends to the edge of the continental shelf. It is rich in sunlight and has a lot of marine life.
• deep-sea zone: includes the deepest ocean parts, like the abyssal and hadal zones. There is no light, and the pressure is very high. Animals in these zones, like the giant squid and some jellyfish, have unique features that help them live in these harsh conditions.

Assignment: Water Cycle Factors that Influence the Water Cycle

Natural Factors

Description

Impact

Temperature

Heats water

Evaporation increases as temperature increases. In tropical regions, this may lead to more rainfall.

Wind

Coastal: winds are gentle and moist air moves toward land Inland: winds are moderate, by the time wind reaches inland much of the moisture has fallen Mountain: receives the remaining moisture, air rises and cools and condenses into clouds

Coastal: Receive a lot of moist air and rain Inland: the air is drier, and there is less rainfall Mountain: precipitation falls as rain or snow on the windward side of the mountain, less on the leeward side

As it rains, the steeper slope causes more runoff

Runoff affects communities, possibly causing damage

Terrain

Soil and Vegetation

Vegetation slows down water runoff by absorbing rain and anchoring plants

Less runoff that could potentially cause damage, slowing down weathering

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Assignment: The Water Cycle Factors that Influence the Water Cycle

Human Factors

Description

Impact

Deforestation

When forests are cut down, less water is released to the air through transpiration

Drier climate and soil erosion, which impacts the water cycle

Urbanization

Hard surfaces stop water from soaking into the ground, so rain runs off into river

Flooding and less ground water interrupting the water cycle

Climate change

Earth gets warmer

Ice melts faster, sea levels rise, and extreme weather events, like storms and droughts become more common, changing rainfall patterns and water evaporation rates

Water overuse

Too much use can dry up rivers and lakes leaving less for ecosystems and disrupting the natural cycle

Excessive water used for farming, factories, and homes