RUBY BRIDGES
In 1960 a six-year-old girl changed course of history forever. It was November 14 of that year when Ruby Nell Bridges fought her personal battle against racism. One day, Ruby was asked to take a test supposed to determine which black students were allowed to attend a school for white students. Ruby was very intelligent and passed the test. The image portrays her with a bow on her head, an elegant dress, with socks and shiny shoes, while she is escorted by Federal agents as she exits the William Frants Elementary school in New Orleans. In the classroom there was only Ruby and the white teacher. Miss Henry was nice and they became good friends. After the second year of elementary school she walked to school without the marshals. Miss Henry returned to Boston but Bridges was no longer alone in the classroom and no longer had to be escorted. Bridges finished elementary school and after high school went to college and worked for American Express. In 1984 she married and she decided to devote herself to the family.
ROSA PARKS DISCRIMINATION
At that time, the city of Montgomery was segregated. This meant that things were different for white people and black people. They had different schools, different churches, different stores, different elevators, and even different drinking fountains. Places often had signs saying "For Colored Only" or "For Whites Only". When Rosa would ride the bus to work, she would have to sit in the back in the seats marked "for colored". Sometimes she would have to stand even if there were seats open up front.
Growing up Rosa had lived with racism in the south. She was scared of the members of the KKK who had burned down black school houses and churches.
On December 1, 1955 Rosa made her famous stand (while sitting) on the bus. Rosa had settled in her seat on the bus after a hard day's work. All the seats on the bus had filled up when a white man boarded. The bus driver told Rosa and some other African-Americans to stand up. Rosa refused. The bus driver said he would call the police. Rosa didn't move. Soon the police showed up and Rosa was arrested.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa was charged with breaking a segregation law and was told to pay a fine of $10. She refused to pay, however, saying that she was not guilty and that the law was illegal. She appealed to a higher court. That night a number of African-American leaders got together and decided to boycott the city buses. This meant that African-Americans would no longer ride the buses. One of these leaders was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
The boycott continued for 381 days! Finally, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation laws in Alabama were unconstitutional.
Just because the laws were changed, things didn't get any easier for Rosa. She received many threats and feared for her life. Many of the civil rights leader's houses were bombed, including the home of Martin Luther King Jr. In 1957 Rosa and Raymond moved to Detroit, Michigan.
Rosa continued to attend civil rights meetings. She became a symbol to many African-Americans of the fight for equal rights. She is still a symbol of freedom and equality to many today.
KAMALA HARRIS
Kamala Devi Harris was born on October 20, 1964 in Oakland, California. Her mother was an immigrant from India, her father from Jamaica. With Joe Biden's victory in the 2020 US election, Harris made history: she is the first woman, the first person of color and the first of Asian descent to step on the steps of the White House.
After graduating from Westmount High School in Westmount, Kamala Harris earned two bachelor's degrees, in political science and economics, from Howard University in Washington D.C, a historically black college and one of the most prestigious in the country. In 1990 she passed the bar exam, and gained admission to the State Bar of California.
During the election campaign she spoke often of her parents, immigrants who had fought for civil rights in the United States and all those who preceded her in fighting discrimination against marginalized groups, such as women and people of color.
In her speech after the election results that led to Joe Biden's victory, Harris spoke about her mother and the generations of women of all races who have paved the way for this moment. "Even though I'm the first woman in this role, I won't be the last," she said addressing the audience cheering her in Wilmington "Because every little girl who looks tonight sees that this is a country of possibilities”
THREE BLACK WOMEN
Laura Rapisarda
Created on March 4, 2026
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Transcript
RUBY BRIDGES
In 1960 a six-year-old girl changed course of history forever. It was November 14 of that year when Ruby Nell Bridges fought her personal battle against racism. One day, Ruby was asked to take a test supposed to determine which black students were allowed to attend a school for white students. Ruby was very intelligent and passed the test. The image portrays her with a bow on her head, an elegant dress, with socks and shiny shoes, while she is escorted by Federal agents as she exits the William Frants Elementary school in New Orleans. In the classroom there was only Ruby and the white teacher. Miss Henry was nice and they became good friends. After the second year of elementary school she walked to school without the marshals. Miss Henry returned to Boston but Bridges was no longer alone in the classroom and no longer had to be escorted. Bridges finished elementary school and after high school went to college and worked for American Express. In 1984 she married and she decided to devote herself to the family.
ROSA PARKS DISCRIMINATION
At that time, the city of Montgomery was segregated. This meant that things were different for white people and black people. They had different schools, different churches, different stores, different elevators, and even different drinking fountains. Places often had signs saying "For Colored Only" or "For Whites Only". When Rosa would ride the bus to work, she would have to sit in the back in the seats marked "for colored". Sometimes she would have to stand even if there were seats open up front. Growing up Rosa had lived with racism in the south. She was scared of the members of the KKK who had burned down black school houses and churches. On December 1, 1955 Rosa made her famous stand (while sitting) on the bus. Rosa had settled in her seat on the bus after a hard day's work. All the seats on the bus had filled up when a white man boarded. The bus driver told Rosa and some other African-Americans to stand up. Rosa refused. The bus driver said he would call the police. Rosa didn't move. Soon the police showed up and Rosa was arrested.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa was charged with breaking a segregation law and was told to pay a fine of $10. She refused to pay, however, saying that she was not guilty and that the law was illegal. She appealed to a higher court. That night a number of African-American leaders got together and decided to boycott the city buses. This meant that African-Americans would no longer ride the buses. One of these leaders was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The boycott continued for 381 days! Finally, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation laws in Alabama were unconstitutional. Just because the laws were changed, things didn't get any easier for Rosa. She received many threats and feared for her life. Many of the civil rights leader's houses were bombed, including the home of Martin Luther King Jr. In 1957 Rosa and Raymond moved to Detroit, Michigan. Rosa continued to attend civil rights meetings. She became a symbol to many African-Americans of the fight for equal rights. She is still a symbol of freedom and equality to many today.
KAMALA HARRIS
Kamala Devi Harris was born on October 20, 1964 in Oakland, California. Her mother was an immigrant from India, her father from Jamaica. With Joe Biden's victory in the 2020 US election, Harris made history: she is the first woman, the first person of color and the first of Asian descent to step on the steps of the White House. After graduating from Westmount High School in Westmount, Kamala Harris earned two bachelor's degrees, in political science and economics, from Howard University in Washington D.C, a historically black college and one of the most prestigious in the country. In 1990 she passed the bar exam, and gained admission to the State Bar of California. During the election campaign she spoke often of her parents, immigrants who had fought for civil rights in the United States and all those who preceded her in fighting discrimination against marginalized groups, such as women and people of color. In her speech after the election results that led to Joe Biden's victory, Harris spoke about her mother and the generations of women of all races who have paved the way for this moment. "Even though I'm the first woman in this role, I won't be the last," she said addressing the audience cheering her in Wilmington "Because every little girl who looks tonight sees that this is a country of possibilities”