WELCOME TO
Volcanoes
start
The volcanoes
The parts of the volcano
Ash cloud
Crater
Lava
Secondary vent
Volcanic edifice
Magma chamber
3/10
10
What's a volcano?
A volcano is an opening, vent, or fissure in the Earth's crust that allows molten rock (magma), gases, and ash to escape from below the surface. Often forming mountainous structures. Volcanoes are classified as active (recently erupted), dormant (quiet but may erupt again), or extinct (not expected to erupt again).
Volcanic eruptions
A volcanic eruption happens when magma (molten rock) from deep inside the Earth's mantle pushes its way up through the crust and breaks through the surface.An eruption is not only a natural disaster, but a powerful agent of geological change that contributes to the fertility of the planet and offers renewable energy resources.
In fact, volcanic earth are the most fertile in the world.
Ash cloud
The ash cloud is a large mass of tiny volcanic particles and gases.When a volcano explodes, gas bubbles pop and break the hot rock into tiny pieces. Then, it pushes them high into the sky.
Magma chamber
A magma chamber is a large, underground pool of molten rock (magma) located within the Earth's crust, typically between 1 and 10 kilometers deep. It acts as a primary reservoir that feeds volcanic eruptions
Main vent
In a volcano, the main vent is the primary opening at the Earth's surface where magma, gases, and volcanic materials are expelled. While the conduit is the "pipe" that carries magma upward, the vent is the actual exit point.
The secondary vent
The secondary vent is an alternative exit point for magma on the sides of a volcano.
Why do they form?
Sometimes the pressure from the magma chamber is so intense that it creates cracks in the volcano's flanks, allowing magma to escape sideways.
Crater
A volcanic crater is like a big, round hole at the top of a volcano. You can think of it as the "mouth" of the volcano.When the volcano erupts, hot lava, ash, and gas come out of this hole.
Lava
Lava is molten rock (magma) that has reached the Earth's surface through volcanic vents or fissures during an eruption. It is called magma when below ground and lava when it breaks the surface. It is extremely hot, ranging from 700 to 1,200 °C. As it cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock.
Volcanic edifice
Volcanic edifice refers to the visible structure built by the accumulation of erupted material (lava, ash, and pyroclastics) around a vent.
Volcanoes
Massimo Sbrendola
Created on February 28, 2026
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Transcript
WELCOME TO
Volcanoes
start
The volcanoes
The parts of the volcano
Ash cloud
Crater
Lava
Secondary vent
Volcanic edifice
Magma chamber
3/10
10
What's a volcano?
A volcano is an opening, vent, or fissure in the Earth's crust that allows molten rock (magma), gases, and ash to escape from below the surface. Often forming mountainous structures. Volcanoes are classified as active (recently erupted), dormant (quiet but may erupt again), or extinct (not expected to erupt again).
Volcanic eruptions
A volcanic eruption happens when magma (molten rock) from deep inside the Earth's mantle pushes its way up through the crust and breaks through the surface.An eruption is not only a natural disaster, but a powerful agent of geological change that contributes to the fertility of the planet and offers renewable energy resources.
In fact, volcanic earth are the most fertile in the world.
Ash cloud
The ash cloud is a large mass of tiny volcanic particles and gases.When a volcano explodes, gas bubbles pop and break the hot rock into tiny pieces. Then, it pushes them high into the sky.
Magma chamber
A magma chamber is a large, underground pool of molten rock (magma) located within the Earth's crust, typically between 1 and 10 kilometers deep. It acts as a primary reservoir that feeds volcanic eruptions
Main vent
In a volcano, the main vent is the primary opening at the Earth's surface where magma, gases, and volcanic materials are expelled. While the conduit is the "pipe" that carries magma upward, the vent is the actual exit point.
The secondary vent
The secondary vent is an alternative exit point for magma on the sides of a volcano.
Why do they form?
Sometimes the pressure from the magma chamber is so intense that it creates cracks in the volcano's flanks, allowing magma to escape sideways.
Crater
A volcanic crater is like a big, round hole at the top of a volcano. You can think of it as the "mouth" of the volcano.When the volcano erupts, hot lava, ash, and gas come out of this hole.
Lava
Lava is molten rock (magma) that has reached the Earth's surface through volcanic vents or fissures during an eruption. It is called magma when below ground and lava when it breaks the surface. It is extremely hot, ranging from 700 to 1,200 °C. As it cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock.
Volcanic edifice
Volcanic edifice refers to the visible structure built by the accumulation of erupted material (lava, ash, and pyroclastics) around a vent.