Permian Period
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(299–252 Million Years Ago)
(Late Paleozoic Era – Phanerozoic Eon)
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What was the world like
During the Permian Period, Earth looked very different from today. All major landmasses were joined together into one giant supercontinent called Pangaea. Because so much land was concentrated in one place, the interior regions were extremely dry and experienced harsh temperature swings between day and night. Life on land became more advanced during this time. Early reptiles thrived, including sail-backed predators like Dimetrodon. Amphibians were still present, but reptiles were better adapted to dry environments. Plant life included seed ferns and early conifers. In the oceans, brachiopods, trilobites, mollusks, and reef-building organisms were common.
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The Permian Mass Extinction (The Great Dying)
The most significant event of the Permian Period was the largest mass extinction in Earth’s history. It occurred about 252 million years ago and marks the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. Scientists believe massive volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia released enormous amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This caused rapid global warming, ocean acidification, and a severe drop in oxygen levels in the oceans.
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Fun Facts
- The Permian Period is named after the region of Perm, Russia, where rock layers from this time were first studied.
- It was the first time reptiles became the dominant land animals.
- Insects grew very large in earlier Paleozoic times, but by the Permian, oxygen levels had decreased, reducing insect size.
- The supercontinent Pangaea created extreme monsoon-like weather patterns.
- Coral reefs nearly disappeared at the end of the Permian due to ocean chemistry changes.
- The extinction event at the end of the Permian took millions of years for ecosystems to recover.
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Recources
- Benton, M. J. (2005). When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time.
Erwin, D. H. (1993).
- The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian.
Permian Period
Carter Pulsipher
Created on February 23, 2026
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Transcript
Permian Period
Let's go!
(299–252 Million Years Ago)
(Late Paleozoic Era – Phanerozoic Eon)
Continue
What was the world like
During the Permian Period, Earth looked very different from today. All major landmasses were joined together into one giant supercontinent called Pangaea. Because so much land was concentrated in one place, the interior regions were extremely dry and experienced harsh temperature swings between day and night. Life on land became more advanced during this time. Early reptiles thrived, including sail-backed predators like Dimetrodon. Amphibians were still present, but reptiles were better adapted to dry environments. Plant life included seed ferns and early conifers. In the oceans, brachiopods, trilobites, mollusks, and reef-building organisms were common.
Continue
The Permian Mass Extinction (The Great Dying)
The most significant event of the Permian Period was the largest mass extinction in Earth’s history. It occurred about 252 million years ago and marks the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras. Scientists believe massive volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia released enormous amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This caused rapid global warming, ocean acidification, and a severe drop in oxygen levels in the oceans.
Continue
Fun Facts
Continue
Recources