Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Presentation
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
art. 9 "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile."
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR) in Italy
start ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that codifies some of the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a United Nations (UN) committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
art. 9
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.-
What does this right mean? The word ‘arbitrarily’ means that a government may never arrest, detain or exile anyone without legal bases. Thus one can be detained for what they have done, but never for who they are.
History of the right In Nazi germany, arrests were made on racial or political base. The UN pecieved as extremely important to make sure no one could be arrested or exiled without a valid cause. The right to freedom of movement is also present in many democratic countries' consitutions.
A foundational text in the history of human and civil rights. The Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings. Although not legally binding, the contents of the UDHR have been elaborated and incorporated into subsequent international treaties, regional human rights instruments, and national constitutions and legal codes.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
"CPRs are places of detention for foreign citizens (from non-EU countries) with pending executions of expulsion orders." (art. 14, D.Lgs. 286/1998)
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR)
continue ➛
CPRs are places that exist on the margins of the rule of law. Closed, often invisible spaces, where the suspension of fundamental rights is not the exception but the rule.
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR)
The conditions are often worse than inside a prison, because, since the stay is supposedly temporary (30-120 days), there are no recreative or educational activities permitted. They cannot be visited and they often don't speak italian, so they have no guaratees for their legal rights. The actual stays are often way longer than they are supposed to be, mostly because of bureaucratic difficulties.
CPRs hold people who are waiting to be returned to their home country, because they have a expulsion order validated by a Justice of the Peace. They formally have a staus of "host" or "held in custody", for a administrative offence (lack of a residence permit) but are in fact detainees.
continue ➛
CPRs are places of ordinary violation of fundamental human rights
In Italy there are 10 CPRs, plus one center in Albania, managed by the Italian government.
One of these is in bari.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Legal rights, dignity and transparency
SOURCE: Asylum and Immigration panel's 2025 report
"My name is Adil.
Today we're protesting, we've been
protesting for 10 hours. We're smashing everything. This place is inhumane. We don't have food because what they bring us is expired. If you ask for a doctor, they don't care until you either fall dead on the floor or start a fire. Here the daily allowance is 2 euros and 50, and if you're thirsty and want water more than what they give you (2 liters a day), you have to pay 4 euros! If you want juice, it costs 6 euros! I have an 11-year-old son who is in Rome, and I love him." -Adil, Algerian man in Brindisi CPR
"I need a lawyer, give me a lawyer. I need protection... look at this place! They took us to prison, but we didn't do anything. Look where we are! We're protesting because it's not right, we want our freedom. We want a lawyer." -Wissem Ben Abdelatif
Elected representatives (national, european and regional) have the right to visit CPRs without warnings and be accompanied by civilians and organisations. In many cases their visits were obstructed and in 3 centers civilians were prohibited from entering the actual facility. The official documents requested to review were outdated or incomplete.
Limitations in communication with the outside world, a lack of quiet spaces, meaningful activities, and places to isolate oneself or simply rest. Life in CPRs is characterized by constant exposure to noise and forced promiscuity, which leads to constant stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In this context, discussing health protection solely in terms of access to healthcare is reductive: the material conditions of detention are themselves a risk factor for physical and mental health, and make it structurally impossible to maintain a minimum level of well-being.
People usually arrive to a center without knowing why they are being detained, hence it is crucial that they are informed about their rights and their legal status as soon as possible. Many detainees sustain that their informative talk was given rapidly, without an interpreter and they never recieved an informative pamphlet. Some people stated they were convinced to sign forms that they didn't fully understand.
The oppression of dignity is not manifested through single, exceptional episodes, but is embedded in the constant repetition of inadequate material conditions, which impact every aspect of the existence of the detainees: from sleeping to washing, from eating to communicating with the outside world, to the very ability to care for their own health.
"This year too, delegations encountered serious difficulties in accessing documentation, which was often provided incompletely, fragmentdly, or not provided at all by the managing bodies, confirming a persistent lack of transparency." -Civilian deputy
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Mohamed Shahin is an egyptian Imam and has been living in Turin for the past 20 years. He was recently arrested and then released after taking part in a roadblock against the genocide of the Palestinians.
Mohamed Shahin
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
He is an active member of the community, an Imam and often a guarantee for the smooth execution of peaceful demonstrations. He also had a clean criminal record at the time of his arrest. He was detained in Caltanissetta’s CPR and a judge ordered his return to Egypt. His repatriation was based on the accuse of “having an extreme ideology” and the definition of Egypt as a “safe home country”. After 21 days of detention, he was released based on the order from Turin’s Court of Appeal, which reviewed his status of “dangerous individual”.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Ebrima Nyass
Who is Ebrima Nyass?
Gambain model detained because of bureaccracy
How did he end up in a CPR?
How was he released?
After the detention
What does this say about our country?
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Gjader's CPR, an Italian prison in foreign territory
The European Court of Human Rights has often reprimanded Italy because of different aspects of this protocol.
A faster "selection"
The goal behind the creation of this specific center was to speed up the repatriation process, by selecting people that could be sent back without ever stepping foot on Italian territory. The people selected as "vulnerable" are sent to italy and can start the process of asking for asylum, the others are temporarly detained in Albania and then sent home.
In reality, this system has many legal vacua, which make it impossible to guarantee the complete application of human rights.
Detention disguised as rescue
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Sources and sitography
- https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
- https://www.emergency.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/CPR-dItalia_istituzioni-totali.pdf
- https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/italy/detention-asylum-seekers/detention-conditions/place-detention/#:~:text=Trapani's%20CPR%20currently%20has%20an,currently%20detained%20in%20the%20centre
- https://www.baritoday.it/attualita/modello-cpr-ebrina-nyass-gambia-bari.html
- https://lespresso.it/c/attualita/2025/5/16/cpr-di-bari-modello-gambiano-rischia-espulsione-errore-burocratico/54365
- https://www.amnesty.it/stop-allespulsione-di-mohamed-shahin-verso-legitto/
continue ➛
“To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.”
-Nelson Mandela, South African civil rights activist
Thank you for your attention!
Is Egypt a "safe home country"?
Even though Egypt is on the EU-approved list of "safe home countries", it cannot be considered as such in many cases. Because of his political exposure, Mohamed would probably be arrested and tortured if he went back. Egypt is a perfect example of daily arbitrary arrests and detainments.
Asylum and immigration panel's report
"The detention conditions observed in all CPRs visited at the time of the 2024 visit could be considered similar to those existing within the detention units subject to the special regime of Article 41-bis of the Italian Prison Regulations. Examples of such elements include triple metal screens on the windows, cage-like external structures, and televisions embedded in metal boxes."
115/08/EC art.16 par.5
"Detained third-country nationals shall be systematically informed of the rules in force in the facility and of their rights and obligations. Such information shall also concern their right, under national law, to contact the persons and organizations mentioned in paragraph 4." (national, international and non-governmental organisations)
Differences between italian citizens and foreigners
Many people took part in the roadblock for which Mohamed Shahin was arrested. Italian citizens in this situation could face mostly a pecuniary sanction (a fine) or at worst a temporary expulsion order from the city. How is it possible that a non-citizen is at risk of beign repatriated, which (given the circumstances) would inevitably result in a death sentence?
"It emerges that foreigners in Italy are too easily at risk of being removed from the social fabric in which they live, where they build relationships and of which they are an integral part, and that they do not enjoy the full guarantees that the rule of law provides for all. We believe this is a very serious matter, violating fundamental rights." -Luigi Manconi, President of "A buon diritto"
Does this mean that people are beign detained or exiled based on who they are?
On the occasion of its 106th session in Geneva in 2014, the Human Rights Committee held a half day of general discussion in preparation for a general comment on Article 9 (Liberty and Security of Person) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 9 recognizes and protects both liberty of person and security of person. Liberty and security of person are precious for their own sake, and also because the deprivation of liberty and security of person have historically been principal means for impairing the enjoyment of other rights.
Detention disguised as rescue.
According to Italian law, custody by law enforcements needs to be validated within 48 hours, which obviously does not happen when the custody is "sine titulo". The protocol is vague, since it doesn't even specify whether the military intervetions fall under the category of "rescue" (which only applies in cases of actual danger, for example a shipwreck) or "law enforcment" (which is aimed at stopping illegal immigration). The consequences are that people don't have a clear right to defend themsleves, since they get materially detained without a legal base or track.
Since the moment people get transferred on a italian military boat and start get "screened" to verify if they're eligible to be transferred to Albania, the rescue operation is officially over and those people are beign held and transported against their whishes. Same applies for the navigation period and the day spent in Shëngjin for the second screening.This is considered a detention "de facto" and "sine titulo", meaning it is not formally recognised.
How was he released?
His story became known after an italian elected representative visited his CPR and shared it.He got the opportunity to explain his experience to her and make use of what should be his right (but is in fact a privilege), legal support. His case got taken on by local lawyers specialised in immigration affairs. After many bureaucratic steps, his work got certified and he was released on May 17th 2025, after three months of unjustified reclusion.
"I have no one left in Gambia, I don't even know where to go. My family are the friends I have in Italy. I just want to get back to my life and my work."
-Ebrima Nyass
How did he end up in a CPR?
While working his residence permit expired. He tried to renovate it but his appointments got repeatedly postponed because of the pandemic and the war between Urkaine and Russia. When he arrived to the police station, in february 2025, thinking he would be getting his permit, he found out his request had been declined. The documents certifying his work had never been delivered. He was arrested on the spot and taken to Bari’s CPR, where he started waiting to be sent back to Gambia.
Who is he?
Ebrima Nayss was born in Gambia. When left alone he decided to leave his country and start the long journey to get to Italy. He arrived in Italy as a minor and got granted international protection, which was declared void when he turned 18. In 2021, he had the luck to be scouted by a modelling agent and started working for big companies such as D&G and Gucci.
What does this tell us about our country?
Most of the people that get detained in these places do not share this luck. They end up trapped without knowing why or how to get out, they are treated as criminals (or worse) without respect for their basic human rights and, if they survive, they get sent back to a country that they had willingly decided to leave. This treatment should be considered inhumane for anybody, but especially for people that have not committed any criminal offences. CPRs, if they continue to be considered necessary, should at least be built and maintained as places for a temporary and dignified stay, not as prisons for innocent people.
Even though the outcome of this story can be considered positive, it points out many flaws in our justice system.The only thing that made it possible for Ebrima to be released was luck. The luck to meet somebody "powerful" who was interested in his fate. The luck to find lawyers who were willing to work for free in order to defend his rights. And the luck to have a stable job waiting for him once he got out.
After the detention
Even if Ebrima is now free, he still had to wait several weeks before his documents were finalised and he was able to go back to work normally.
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Transcript
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Presentation
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
art. 9 "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile."
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR) in Italy
start ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that codifies some of the rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a United Nations (UN) committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as Resolution 217 during its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
art. 9
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.-
What does this right mean? The word ‘arbitrarily’ means that a government may never arrest, detain or exile anyone without legal bases. Thus one can be detained for what they have done, but never for who they are.
History of the right In Nazi germany, arrests were made on racial or political base. The UN pecieved as extremely important to make sure no one could be arrested or exiled without a valid cause. The right to freedom of movement is also present in many democratic countries' consitutions.
A foundational text in the history of human and civil rights. The Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings. Although not legally binding, the contents of the UDHR have been elaborated and incorporated into subsequent international treaties, regional human rights instruments, and national constitutions and legal codes.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
"CPRs are places of detention for foreign citizens (from non-EU countries) with pending executions of expulsion orders." (art. 14, D.Lgs. 286/1998)
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR)
continue ➛
CPRs are places that exist on the margins of the rule of law. Closed, often invisible spaces, where the suspension of fundamental rights is not the exception but the rule.
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Pre-removal detention centres (CPR)
The conditions are often worse than inside a prison, because, since the stay is supposedly temporary (30-120 days), there are no recreative or educational activities permitted. They cannot be visited and they often don't speak italian, so they have no guaratees for their legal rights. The actual stays are often way longer than they are supposed to be, mostly because of bureaucratic difficulties.
CPRs hold people who are waiting to be returned to their home country, because they have a expulsion order validated by a Justice of the Peace. They formally have a staus of "host" or "held in custody", for a administrative offence (lack of a residence permit) but are in fact detainees.
continue ➛
CPRs are places of ordinary violation of fundamental human rights
In Italy there are 10 CPRs, plus one center in Albania, managed by the Italian government.
One of these is in bari.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Legal rights, dignity and transparency
SOURCE: Asylum and Immigration panel's 2025 report
"My name is Adil. Today we're protesting, we've been protesting for 10 hours. We're smashing everything. This place is inhumane. We don't have food because what they bring us is expired. If you ask for a doctor, they don't care until you either fall dead on the floor or start a fire. Here the daily allowance is 2 euros and 50, and if you're thirsty and want water more than what they give you (2 liters a day), you have to pay 4 euros! If you want juice, it costs 6 euros! I have an 11-year-old son who is in Rome, and I love him." -Adil, Algerian man in Brindisi CPR
"I need a lawyer, give me a lawyer. I need protection... look at this place! They took us to prison, but we didn't do anything. Look where we are! We're protesting because it's not right, we want our freedom. We want a lawyer." -Wissem Ben Abdelatif
Elected representatives (national, european and regional) have the right to visit CPRs without warnings and be accompanied by civilians and organisations. In many cases their visits were obstructed and in 3 centers civilians were prohibited from entering the actual facility. The official documents requested to review were outdated or incomplete.
Limitations in communication with the outside world, a lack of quiet spaces, meaningful activities, and places to isolate oneself or simply rest. Life in CPRs is characterized by constant exposure to noise and forced promiscuity, which leads to constant stress, insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In this context, discussing health protection solely in terms of access to healthcare is reductive: the material conditions of detention are themselves a risk factor for physical and mental health, and make it structurally impossible to maintain a minimum level of well-being.
People usually arrive to a center without knowing why they are being detained, hence it is crucial that they are informed about their rights and their legal status as soon as possible. Many detainees sustain that their informative talk was given rapidly, without an interpreter and they never recieved an informative pamphlet. Some people stated they were convinced to sign forms that they didn't fully understand.
The oppression of dignity is not manifested through single, exceptional episodes, but is embedded in the constant repetition of inadequate material conditions, which impact every aspect of the existence of the detainees: from sleeping to washing, from eating to communicating with the outside world, to the very ability to care for their own health.
"This year too, delegations encountered serious difficulties in accessing documentation, which was often provided incompletely, fragmentdly, or not provided at all by the managing bodies, confirming a persistent lack of transparency." -Civilian deputy
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Mohamed Shahin is an egyptian Imam and has been living in Turin for the past 20 years. He was recently arrested and then released after taking part in a roadblock against the genocide of the Palestinians.
Mohamed Shahin
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
He is an active member of the community, an Imam and often a guarantee for the smooth execution of peaceful demonstrations. He also had a clean criminal record at the time of his arrest. He was detained in Caltanissetta’s CPR and a judge ordered his return to Egypt. His repatriation was based on the accuse of “having an extreme ideology” and the definition of Egypt as a “safe home country”. After 21 days of detention, he was released based on the order from Turin’s Court of Appeal, which reviewed his status of “dangerous individual”.
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Ebrima Nyass
Who is Ebrima Nyass?
Gambain model detained because of bureaccracy
How did he end up in a CPR?
How was he released?
After the detention
What does this say about our country?
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Gjader's CPR, an Italian prison in foreign territory
The European Court of Human Rights has often reprimanded Italy because of different aspects of this protocol.
A faster "selection"
The goal behind the creation of this specific center was to speed up the repatriation process, by selecting people that could be sent back without ever stepping foot on Italian territory. The people selected as "vulnerable" are sent to italy and can start the process of asking for asylum, the others are temporarly detained in Albania and then sent home.
In reality, this system has many legal vacua, which make it impossible to guarantee the complete application of human rights.
Detention disguised as rescue
continue ➛
Sabrina De Padova 5C A.S. 2025/26
Sources and sitography
continue ➛
“To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.”
-Nelson Mandela, South African civil rights activist
Thank you for your attention!
Is Egypt a "safe home country"?
Even though Egypt is on the EU-approved list of "safe home countries", it cannot be considered as such in many cases. Because of his political exposure, Mohamed would probably be arrested and tortured if he went back. Egypt is a perfect example of daily arbitrary arrests and detainments.
Asylum and immigration panel's report
"The detention conditions observed in all CPRs visited at the time of the 2024 visit could be considered similar to those existing within the detention units subject to the special regime of Article 41-bis of the Italian Prison Regulations. Examples of such elements include triple metal screens on the windows, cage-like external structures, and televisions embedded in metal boxes."
115/08/EC art.16 par.5
"Detained third-country nationals shall be systematically informed of the rules in force in the facility and of their rights and obligations. Such information shall also concern their right, under national law, to contact the persons and organizations mentioned in paragraph 4." (national, international and non-governmental organisations)
Differences between italian citizens and foreigners
Many people took part in the roadblock for which Mohamed Shahin was arrested. Italian citizens in this situation could face mostly a pecuniary sanction (a fine) or at worst a temporary expulsion order from the city. How is it possible that a non-citizen is at risk of beign repatriated, which (given the circumstances) would inevitably result in a death sentence?
"It emerges that foreigners in Italy are too easily at risk of being removed from the social fabric in which they live, where they build relationships and of which they are an integral part, and that they do not enjoy the full guarantees that the rule of law provides for all. We believe this is a very serious matter, violating fundamental rights." -Luigi Manconi, President of "A buon diritto"
Does this mean that people are beign detained or exiled based on who they are?
On the occasion of its 106th session in Geneva in 2014, the Human Rights Committee held a half day of general discussion in preparation for a general comment on Article 9 (Liberty and Security of Person) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 9 recognizes and protects both liberty of person and security of person. Liberty and security of person are precious for their own sake, and also because the deprivation of liberty and security of person have historically been principal means for impairing the enjoyment of other rights.
Detention disguised as rescue.
According to Italian law, custody by law enforcements needs to be validated within 48 hours, which obviously does not happen when the custody is "sine titulo". The protocol is vague, since it doesn't even specify whether the military intervetions fall under the category of "rescue" (which only applies in cases of actual danger, for example a shipwreck) or "law enforcment" (which is aimed at stopping illegal immigration). The consequences are that people don't have a clear right to defend themsleves, since they get materially detained without a legal base or track.
Since the moment people get transferred on a italian military boat and start get "screened" to verify if they're eligible to be transferred to Albania, the rescue operation is officially over and those people are beign held and transported against their whishes. Same applies for the navigation period and the day spent in Shëngjin for the second screening.This is considered a detention "de facto" and "sine titulo", meaning it is not formally recognised.
How was he released?
His story became known after an italian elected representative visited his CPR and shared it.He got the opportunity to explain his experience to her and make use of what should be his right (but is in fact a privilege), legal support. His case got taken on by local lawyers specialised in immigration affairs. After many bureaucratic steps, his work got certified and he was released on May 17th 2025, after three months of unjustified reclusion.
"I have no one left in Gambia, I don't even know where to go. My family are the friends I have in Italy. I just want to get back to my life and my work." -Ebrima Nyass
How did he end up in a CPR?
While working his residence permit expired. He tried to renovate it but his appointments got repeatedly postponed because of the pandemic and the war between Urkaine and Russia. When he arrived to the police station, in february 2025, thinking he would be getting his permit, he found out his request had been declined. The documents certifying his work had never been delivered. He was arrested on the spot and taken to Bari’s CPR, where he started waiting to be sent back to Gambia.
Who is he?
Ebrima Nayss was born in Gambia. When left alone he decided to leave his country and start the long journey to get to Italy. He arrived in Italy as a minor and got granted international protection, which was declared void when he turned 18. In 2021, he had the luck to be scouted by a modelling agent and started working for big companies such as D&G and Gucci.
What does this tell us about our country?
Most of the people that get detained in these places do not share this luck. They end up trapped without knowing why or how to get out, they are treated as criminals (or worse) without respect for their basic human rights and, if they survive, they get sent back to a country that they had willingly decided to leave. This treatment should be considered inhumane for anybody, but especially for people that have not committed any criminal offences. CPRs, if they continue to be considered necessary, should at least be built and maintained as places for a temporary and dignified stay, not as prisons for innocent people.
Even though the outcome of this story can be considered positive, it points out many flaws in our justice system.The only thing that made it possible for Ebrima to be released was luck. The luck to meet somebody "powerful" who was interested in his fate. The luck to find lawyers who were willing to work for free in order to defend his rights. And the luck to have a stable job waiting for him once he got out.
After the detention
Even if Ebrima is now free, he still had to wait several weeks before his documents were finalised and he was able to go back to work normally.