Expt 3 e-Resource
Solubility Product
Welcome to Dr Soler & Dr Odedra's Lab Education Resource series
Caaaw!
Caaaaw!
Created in partnership with Valerio Ruzza BSc
This resource was created as part of our chemistry education research with a project student. While this resource is based on the UofG Quant-1 lab (20-21), it is not officially affiliated with a current course and has been shared for supplementary student support only. It is not intended for use as a credit-bearing summative assessment or compulsory course component.
Let's go!
Experiment 3
Solubility Product
START
Index
Solubility Product
Equipment
Objectives
Weighing
Measuring & Addition
Thermostatic Bath
Filtration
Pipetting
Filter Paper - Folding
Titration
Cleaning
What to do with Titre?
Help us to help you
Objectives
- To understand how solubility product is measured
- To understand why it is useful
- To explore more experimental techniques
A short intro :)
Solubility product
It's an equilibrium constant and it only applies to saturated solutions (maximum concentration of solute dissolved in solvent). It is temperature specific - its value at 298 K would differ from the value at 400 K. Why do you care? You can use it to separate and purify substances. How? I hear you ask. Substances have different values of solubility products, the ones that are less soluble (i.e. smaller solubility product constant) will precipitate first. Now I don't imagine you would do this in your spare time, but I think you can see how this can be useful.
Bit more :|
Solubility product
You have a pure solid substance and you want to determine its solubility constant. What to do? Let's say the solid is water soluble. So you grab some water, measure it out, and add it to a beaker. Then start adding the solid. This will obviously dissolve until... Until it won't any more because the solution is SATURATED! Now all you have to do is determine the concentration of the ions. In the experiment this is done using titrations. Once that is done, you multiply your concentrations and you have your solubility product. Easy. We'll look at this some more at the end 😗
Equipment
An overview of the equipment used in this experiment
Read ME!
Let's start the experiment!
Technique spotlight WEIGHING
- Always add the solid by transferring it to a weighing boat that is placed on a bench. NEVER transfer solid to weighing boat already placed on the balance!
- Clean any spillages and dispose of substances in the appropriate waste bins.
- Always use a clean spatula to avoid contamination.
Where should the WEIGHING BOAT be located when you are adding a solid that needs to be weighed?
You should hold the weighing boat in one hand and add the solid with the other
On the bench
On the balance
Correct!
What do you do if you spill something?
Clean it with blue roll and water or ask a demonstrator
Leave it for the lab technician to clean
Cover it with your lab manual
Congratulations!
What should you do before weighing your sample?
Tare the balance with the empty weighing boat
I'm sure you know it's not this one
You should rinse the weighing boat
Yes! (Easy peasy!)
Let's dissolve our solids!
Technique spotlight Measuring volume
- Hold the base of the measuring cylinder with one hand, and add the liquid with the other
- Rinse the measuring cylinder with the liquid that has to be measured.
- Use the bottom of the meniscus to measure accurately. (The meniscus is the top layer of the liquid that looks like a sunken bubble.)
Which of these is correct?
You should rinse measuring cylinder with a solvent or the liquid to be measured
You should dry the measuring cylinder with blue roll
You should only use measuring cylinders for acids
Yep! That's right.
When using a measuring cylinder, you should:
Hold hands with your lab partner
Hold the base of the measuring cylinder
*Insert believable fake answer*
Correct!
Turn up the heat!
Spotlight Thermostatic Bath
- Be careful! The bath can be set to very high temperatures!
Why is a thermostatic bath used?
To clean glassware
To maintain a set temperature for the reaction to occur
To warm up flasks before use
Correct! Are you smart or something?
What should you do when placing your flask in a thermostatic bath?
Make sure the water only touches the bottom of the flask
Ensure the water has been in the bath for at least 30 minutes
Hold the flask in place using a clamp
Perfect! Let's keep going!
Let's take a break... Sort of
Technique spotlight Filter paper folding
- Bet you didn't think you'd be getting an origami lesson did you?
Are you as impressed as Dr Odedra?
Definitely
Yes
Undoubtedly
Of course you are!
We just need the liquid bit
Technique spotlight Filtration
- Add the solution slowly to avoid spillages
- Initially add enough solution to fill about 2/3 of the filter paper cone.
- Gradually add more solution as the filtrate passes through the funnel.
- Don't rush it. Filling the funnel to the brim isn't going to make it filter any faster.
How should a solution be decanted into a funnel for optimal filtration?
All the liquid should be added at the same time to avoid crystallization
Slowly, only filling the filter paper 2/3
Using a pipette
Try getting one wrong some time!
Which of these is the correct set up for filtration?
volumetric pipette, funnel and filter paper
Conical flask, funnel and filter paper
Beaker and funnel
Correct.Hungry? Just me?
Now we make it spicy
Technique spotlight Pipetting
- Hold the pipette close to the top when fitting the pipette filler.
- Place the tip of the pipette close to the bottom of the flask, at a slight angle.
- Use the pipette-filler roller to draw liquid into the pipette; Use the large white button to dispense the liquid.
- I did say you'd be doing this often in the lab...
How should you measure out 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid?
Pouring the acid into a small beaker first, then transfer into a measuring cylinder using a pipette
By pouring the acid directly into the reaction vessel from the container.
Slowly and using a glass tube
Congratulations!
You poured sulphuric acid into a small beaker. Using a pipette, you added 5 ml to the measuring cylinder.What do you do with the remaining sulphuric acid in the beaker?
You pour it into the appropriate waste container
You pour it back into the original sulphuric acid container
You pour it down the sink
Good.
I'm going to have to credit giphy at the end at this rate...
TITRATION!
Technique spotlight Titration
- Before starting, rinse the burette with the solution you will be using for the titration.
- Make sure the tap is CLOSED! (white "arms" parallel to the bench - pointing at you basically)
- SLOWLY deliver the solution from the burette to the flask and GENTLY swirl the flask. Wait for the colour change.
- Trust me. If you rush you'll get trash results ¬_¬
What should you do before starting your titration?
Spin the burette 3 times clockwise for good luck
Make sure the burette tap is closed
Rinse the burette with water
So smart!
What is the correct way to add solution to a burette?
Moving the burette to the edge of the bench and lowering it below eye-level
Stepping on a stool to reach the top of the burette more comfortably
Ask someone taller to do it
Yes.
Why should you add the solution from the burette to the flask slowly and dropwise?
To avoid adding too much liquid at once and missing the end-point
To avoid splashing the solution onto the sides of the flask
To avoid air bubbles from forming
Correct!
How is the end point of the titration determined in this experiment?
When there is no more liquid in the burette
Gas starts being released
The solution goes colourless
Yes! Oh and... that was the last question!
Cleaning... yeah, it's important
Technique spotlight Boredom?
- Make sure you dispose of chemicals in the right waste bins (ask the demonstrators!)
- In most of the labs you will have during your course, water or acetone will usually be enough to clean your glassware.
- Use the tools that look like toilet brushes next to the sinks! They are really useful to scrape material that gets stuck to the glassware. Saves you time and solvent!
The experiment is over!
What happened? A summary:
- We took two flasks and put 1.0 g of the potassium periodate into each.
- In one flask we added 100 ml of water (Solution A) and in the other flask 100 ml of potassium nitrate (Solution B)
- The flasks were then put in the thermostatic bath at 25 degrees celsius for 30 minutes.
- The solutions were filtered.
- We took two new flasks. In one we added 25ml solution A and in the other, we put 25 ml of solution B.
- We added 5 ml of conc. sulphuric acid and 1.0g of potassium iodide into both flasks.
- We put sodium thiosulfate into the burette. Then we titrated both solutions and recorded the volume of sodium thiosulfate needed to reach the end-point (i.e. the titre).
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
The End (almost)!
We hope you found this helpful and that you had some fun along the way too!
Thank You!
Thank you for your attention.A huge thank you to my supervisors: Dr Odedra & Dr Soler for helping me create this resource and for putting up with me for so long! Goodbye! Valerio Ruzza BSc Chemistry with Medicinal chemistry
Expt 3: Q1 Lab e-Learning Unit (25-26)
Dr Linnea Soler
Created on February 2, 2026
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Transcript
Expt 3 e-Resource
Solubility Product
Welcome to Dr Soler & Dr Odedra's Lab Education Resource series
Caaaw!
Caaaaw!
Created in partnership with Valerio Ruzza BSc
This resource was created as part of our chemistry education research with a project student. While this resource is based on the UofG Quant-1 lab (20-21), it is not officially affiliated with a current course and has been shared for supplementary student support only. It is not intended for use as a credit-bearing summative assessment or compulsory course component.
Let's go!
Experiment 3
Solubility Product
START
Index
Solubility Product
Equipment
Objectives
Weighing
Measuring & Addition
Thermostatic Bath
Filtration
Pipetting
Filter Paper - Folding
Titration
Cleaning
What to do with Titre?
Help us to help you
Objectives
A short intro :)
Solubility product
It's an equilibrium constant and it only applies to saturated solutions (maximum concentration of solute dissolved in solvent). It is temperature specific - its value at 298 K would differ from the value at 400 K. Why do you care? You can use it to separate and purify substances. How? I hear you ask. Substances have different values of solubility products, the ones that are less soluble (i.e. smaller solubility product constant) will precipitate first. Now I don't imagine you would do this in your spare time, but I think you can see how this can be useful.
Bit more :|
Solubility product
You have a pure solid substance and you want to determine its solubility constant. What to do? Let's say the solid is water soluble. So you grab some water, measure it out, and add it to a beaker. Then start adding the solid. This will obviously dissolve until... Until it won't any more because the solution is SATURATED! Now all you have to do is determine the concentration of the ions. In the experiment this is done using titrations. Once that is done, you multiply your concentrations and you have your solubility product. Easy. We'll look at this some more at the end 😗
Equipment
An overview of the equipment used in this experiment
Read ME!
Let's start the experiment!
Technique spotlight WEIGHING
Where should the WEIGHING BOAT be located when you are adding a solid that needs to be weighed?
You should hold the weighing boat in one hand and add the solid with the other
On the bench
On the balance
Correct!
What do you do if you spill something?
Clean it with blue roll and water or ask a demonstrator
Leave it for the lab technician to clean
Cover it with your lab manual
Congratulations!
What should you do before weighing your sample?
Tare the balance with the empty weighing boat
I'm sure you know it's not this one
You should rinse the weighing boat
Yes! (Easy peasy!)
Let's dissolve our solids!
Technique spotlight Measuring volume
Which of these is correct?
You should rinse measuring cylinder with a solvent or the liquid to be measured
You should dry the measuring cylinder with blue roll
You should only use measuring cylinders for acids
Yep! That's right.
When using a measuring cylinder, you should:
Hold hands with your lab partner
Hold the base of the measuring cylinder
*Insert believable fake answer*
Correct!
Turn up the heat!
Spotlight Thermostatic Bath
Why is a thermostatic bath used?
To clean glassware
To maintain a set temperature for the reaction to occur
To warm up flasks before use
Correct! Are you smart or something?
What should you do when placing your flask in a thermostatic bath?
Make sure the water only touches the bottom of the flask
Ensure the water has been in the bath for at least 30 minutes
Hold the flask in place using a clamp
Perfect! Let's keep going!
Let's take a break... Sort of
Technique spotlight Filter paper folding
Are you as impressed as Dr Odedra?
Definitely
Yes
Undoubtedly
Of course you are!
We just need the liquid bit
Technique spotlight Filtration
How should a solution be decanted into a funnel for optimal filtration?
All the liquid should be added at the same time to avoid crystallization
Slowly, only filling the filter paper 2/3
Using a pipette
Try getting one wrong some time!
Which of these is the correct set up for filtration?
volumetric pipette, funnel and filter paper
Conical flask, funnel and filter paper
Beaker and funnel
Correct.Hungry? Just me?
Now we make it spicy
Technique spotlight Pipetting
How should you measure out 5 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid?
Pouring the acid into a small beaker first, then transfer into a measuring cylinder using a pipette
By pouring the acid directly into the reaction vessel from the container.
Slowly and using a glass tube
Congratulations!
You poured sulphuric acid into a small beaker. Using a pipette, you added 5 ml to the measuring cylinder.What do you do with the remaining sulphuric acid in the beaker?
You pour it into the appropriate waste container
You pour it back into the original sulphuric acid container
You pour it down the sink
Good.
I'm going to have to credit giphy at the end at this rate...
TITRATION!
Technique spotlight Titration
What should you do before starting your titration?
Spin the burette 3 times clockwise for good luck
Make sure the burette tap is closed
Rinse the burette with water
So smart!
What is the correct way to add solution to a burette?
Moving the burette to the edge of the bench and lowering it below eye-level
Stepping on a stool to reach the top of the burette more comfortably
Ask someone taller to do it
Yes.
Why should you add the solution from the burette to the flask slowly and dropwise?
To avoid adding too much liquid at once and missing the end-point
To avoid splashing the solution onto the sides of the flask
To avoid air bubbles from forming
Correct!
How is the end point of the titration determined in this experiment?
When there is no more liquid in the burette
Gas starts being released
The solution goes colourless
Yes! Oh and... that was the last question!
Cleaning... yeah, it's important
Technique spotlight Boredom?
The experiment is over!
What happened? A summary:
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
What the hell do we do with the titre?
The End (almost)!
We hope you found this helpful and that you had some fun along the way too!
Thank You!
Thank you for your attention.A huge thank you to my supervisors: Dr Odedra & Dr Soler for helping me create this resource and for putting up with me for so long! Goodbye! Valerio Ruzza BSc Chemistry with Medicinal chemistry