time flies while dancing...
Spain in the 20th century
index
4. the civil war
1. alfonso xiii
2. dictatorship of primo de rivera
5. dictatorship of franco
3. the second republic
6.Transition and democracy
Timeline 20th century until nowadays
1975- 2014juan carlos i
1936-1939civil war
1982- nowadaysdemocratic governments
1923-1930primo de rivera
1902-1923ALFONSO XIII
1931- 19392nd republic
1939-1975Dictatorship of franco
1976-1979adolfo suárez
2014- nowadaysfelipe vi
1. Alfonso xiii
After Alfonso XII died in 1885, Spain was ruled by his wife Mª Cristina until Alfonso XIII turned 16 in 1902. During Alfonso XIII reign, Spain experienced political and social conflicts:
- Problems in Spain: Many people were unhappy. There were strikes by workers who wanted better pay and working conditions.
- Nationalisms: In places like Catalonia and the Basque Country, some people wanted independence.
- War in Morocco: Spain fought a war in Morocco, which caused many deaths and made people angry.
2. dictatorship of primo de rivera
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera took power in Spain and ruled as a dictator with the king’s support. He made big changes:
- Ended political parties so only his government could decide.
- Improved the economy by building roads, railways, and bridges.
- Stopped strikes and protests to keep order.
Problems: by 1930, people were unhappy, the economy worsened, and he lost support. He resigned, and soon after, King Alfonso XIII also lost power, leading to a republic.
Positive effects: Better transportation, more jobs, short-term economic improvement.
Because of all these issues, Alfonso XIII lost support, and in 1931 he left Spain. Soon after, Spain became a republic.
3. the second republic (1931-1939)
In 1931, the Second Republic was proclaimed, and Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president.A new Constitution was approved in 1931, and a democratic political system was established, which included:
- Universal suffrage: Women were given the right to vote.
- Separation of Church and State.
Agrarian Reform: Land was distributed among peasant families to improve their living conditions.
Reforms were carried out
Educational Reform: Thousands of schools were built to promote education.
Labor Reform: to improve the conditions and life of workers.
4. the civil war (1936-1939)
- Not everyone agreed with the new social reforms.
- In July 1936 Spain was divided into two sides:
-Nationalists who supported Francisco Franco. - Republicans, who supported the Second Republic.
- Francisco Franco supported by the spanish army and nationalists led a Coup d'Etat against the government.
4. the civil war (1936-1939)
- The nationalists and republicans fought against each other in the Spanish Civil War for almost three years.
- The war ended on 1st April 1939 when the nationals took control of Madrid and Barcelona.
- The Spanish Civil War caused serious consequences:
- Political: the beginning of a dictatorship. - Cultural: exile. - Social: population divided in two sides and numerous deaths.- Economic: huge economic loses.
4. the civil war (1936-1939)
5. DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
Press, art, films, books and plays were censored.
He impossed new laws, some of which limited the civil liberties of the people.
Political parties and unions were made illegal.
With the surrender of the Republicans, Francisco Franco abolished the constitution and established a dictatorship
Regional traditions and languages were restricted
He repressed opponents
Some people were imprisoned or killed for political beliefs.
There was an economic crisis.
He enacted policies of autarky.
Food shortages and rationing occured.
5. DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
EVOLUTION OF FRANCOISM
early years
changes
the end
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
Franco appointed Prince Juan Carlos to replace him. When Franco died in November 1975, King Juan Carlos I began the process to transition Spain into a democracy.
In 1976, Adolfo Suárez was appointed as Prime Minister by the king. He led the reform of new political laws.
First Elections (1977): The first democratic elections held since 1936.
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
After the election, a new Constitution was created. On 6 December 1978, the citizens of Spain voted in favour of the Constitution.
The Constitution established:
- Parliamentary Monarchy
- Equality before the law
- Freedom of speech
- Universal Suffrage
- Territorial Organization
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
the governments of the transition
In 1979, elections were held. They were won by the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the party led by Adolfo Suárez, who was once again elected President of the Government. During those years, Spain went through a serious economic crisis, and terrorist attacks were very frequent. In this situation, Adolfo Suárez resigned in January 1981.
On February 23, 1981, while members of Parliament were voting to elect Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo as the new President, a group of military officers carried out a coup d’état. The coup failed due to the King’s intervention in favor of democracy and the lack of support.
Play
Since then, two main parties have alternated in power in Spain: the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) and Partido Popular(PP).
In 1986 Spain entered the EEC, which later became the European Union.
In 2002 Spain officially entered the Eurozone, replacing the peseta with the euro as its currency.
Presidents of the Government
2004-2011JOSÉ LUIS RODRÍGUEZ ZAPATERO PSOE
2018 - NOWADAYS PEDRO SÁNCHEZ PSOE
1982-1996FELIPE GONZÁLEZ PSOE
1976-1981ADOLFO SUÁREZ UCD
2011-2018 MARIANO RAJOY PP
1981-1982LEOPOLDO CALVO SOTELO UCD
1996-2004JOSÉ MARÍA AZNAR PP
Presidents of the Government
2004-2011
2018 - NOWADAYS
1982-1996
1976-1981
2011-2018
1981-1982
1996-2004
THE END
Between 1970 and 1975, opposition to Franco’s government grew dramatically. Labor unions began to organize and fight for a more democratic system, and demonstrations demanding democracy were held. On 20th of November, 1975, Franco passed away. This put an end to the dictatorship and marked the beginning of a period called “The Transition.”
CHANGES
In the 1950s, Spain began signing treaties with other countries, and in 1955 Spain was admitted to the United Nations. The economy started to grow. New industries were created, roads and railway lines were built, and tourism became one of the main economic activities.
EARLY YEARS
Characterized by strong repression. Thousands of people who opposed the dictatorship were persecuted, imprisoned, or forced into exile. Spain was internationally isolated and was excluded from the United Nations. There was a serious economic crisis. Food and basic necessities were scarce, and many products were rationed.
time flies while dancing...
FEJE-N
Created on February 2, 2026
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Newspaper Presentation
View
Audio tutorial
View
Pechakucha Presentation
View
Desktop Workspace
View
Decades Presentation
View
Psychology Presentation
View
Medical Dna Presentation
Explore all templates
Transcript
time flies while dancing...
Spain in the 20th century
index
4. the civil war
1. alfonso xiii
2. dictatorship of primo de rivera
5. dictatorship of franco
3. the second republic
6.Transition and democracy
Timeline 20th century until nowadays
1975- 2014juan carlos i
1936-1939civil war
1982- nowadaysdemocratic governments
1923-1930primo de rivera
1902-1923ALFONSO XIII
1931- 19392nd republic
1939-1975Dictatorship of franco
1976-1979adolfo suárez
2014- nowadaysfelipe vi
1. Alfonso xiii
After Alfonso XII died in 1885, Spain was ruled by his wife Mª Cristina until Alfonso XIII turned 16 in 1902. During Alfonso XIII reign, Spain experienced political and social conflicts:
2. dictatorship of primo de rivera
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera took power in Spain and ruled as a dictator with the king’s support. He made big changes:
Problems: by 1930, people were unhappy, the economy worsened, and he lost support. He resigned, and soon after, King Alfonso XIII also lost power, leading to a republic.
Positive effects: Better transportation, more jobs, short-term economic improvement.
Because of all these issues, Alfonso XIII lost support, and in 1931 he left Spain. Soon after, Spain became a republic.
3. the second republic (1931-1939)
In 1931, the Second Republic was proclaimed, and Niceto Alcalá Zamora was named president.A new Constitution was approved in 1931, and a democratic political system was established, which included:
Agrarian Reform: Land was distributed among peasant families to improve their living conditions.
Reforms were carried out
Educational Reform: Thousands of schools were built to promote education.
Labor Reform: to improve the conditions and life of workers.
4. the civil war (1936-1939)
- Not everyone agreed with the new social reforms.
- In July 1936 Spain was divided into two sides:
-Nationalists who supported Francisco Franco. - Republicans, who supported the Second Republic.4. the civil war (1936-1939)
- The nationalists and republicans fought against each other in the Spanish Civil War for almost three years.
- The war ended on 1st April 1939 when the nationals took control of Madrid and Barcelona.
- The Spanish Civil War caused serious consequences:
- Political: the beginning of a dictatorship. - Cultural: exile. - Social: population divided in two sides and numerous deaths.- Economic: huge economic loses.4. the civil war (1936-1939)
5. DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
Press, art, films, books and plays were censored.
He impossed new laws, some of which limited the civil liberties of the people.
Political parties and unions were made illegal.
With the surrender of the Republicans, Francisco Franco abolished the constitution and established a dictatorship
Regional traditions and languages were restricted
He repressed opponents
Some people were imprisoned or killed for political beliefs.
There was an economic crisis.
He enacted policies of autarky.
Food shortages and rationing occured.
5. DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
EVOLUTION OF FRANCOISM
early years
changes
the end
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
Franco appointed Prince Juan Carlos to replace him. When Franco died in November 1975, King Juan Carlos I began the process to transition Spain into a democracy.
In 1976, Adolfo Suárez was appointed as Prime Minister by the king. He led the reform of new political laws.
First Elections (1977): The first democratic elections held since 1936.
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
After the election, a new Constitution was created. On 6 December 1978, the citizens of Spain voted in favour of the Constitution.
The Constitution established:
6. TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
the governments of the transition
In 1979, elections were held. They were won by the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the party led by Adolfo Suárez, who was once again elected President of the Government. During those years, Spain went through a serious economic crisis, and terrorist attacks were very frequent. In this situation, Adolfo Suárez resigned in January 1981.
On February 23, 1981, while members of Parliament were voting to elect Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo as the new President, a group of military officers carried out a coup d’état. The coup failed due to the King’s intervention in favor of democracy and the lack of support.
Play
Since then, two main parties have alternated in power in Spain: the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) and Partido Popular(PP).
In 1986 Spain entered the EEC, which later became the European Union.
In 2002 Spain officially entered the Eurozone, replacing the peseta with the euro as its currency.
Presidents of the Government
2004-2011JOSÉ LUIS RODRÍGUEZ ZAPATERO PSOE
2018 - NOWADAYS PEDRO SÁNCHEZ PSOE
1982-1996FELIPE GONZÁLEZ PSOE
1976-1981ADOLFO SUÁREZ UCD
2011-2018 MARIANO RAJOY PP
1981-1982LEOPOLDO CALVO SOTELO UCD
1996-2004JOSÉ MARÍA AZNAR PP
Presidents of the Government
2004-2011
2018 - NOWADAYS
1982-1996
1976-1981
2011-2018
1981-1982
1996-2004
THE END
Between 1970 and 1975, opposition to Franco’s government grew dramatically. Labor unions began to organize and fight for a more democratic system, and demonstrations demanding democracy were held. On 20th of November, 1975, Franco passed away. This put an end to the dictatorship and marked the beginning of a period called “The Transition.”
CHANGES
In the 1950s, Spain began signing treaties with other countries, and in 1955 Spain was admitted to the United Nations. The economy started to grow. New industries were created, roads and railway lines were built, and tourism became one of the main economic activities.
EARLY YEARS
Characterized by strong repression. Thousands of people who opposed the dictatorship were persecuted, imprisoned, or forced into exile. Spain was internationally isolated and was excluded from the United Nations. There was a serious economic crisis. Food and basic necessities were scarce, and many products were rationed.