By: Yassmine, Silvia and Valeria
Unit 7
Carlos I and Felipe II
Index
7. Felipe II – Main Conflicts
1. The Protestant Reformation
8. Culture in the 16th Century
2. Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
9. Conquest of the Aztecs
10. Conquest of the Incas
3. The Habsburg Monarchy
11. Life in Colonial America
4. Carlos I – Early Reign
12. Timeline
5. Carlos I – Foreign Policy
13. Conclusion
6. Felipe II – Government
14. Bibliography
1. The Protestant Reformation
- The Protestant Reformation began due to widespread discontent with the Church's corruption and practices, like selling indulgences.
- Martin Luther challenged these issues, arguing that salvation came from faith alone and the Bible was the ultimate authority.
- His ideas spread rapidly, he wrote the 95 Theses leading to a divided Europe, as illustrated in the map.
2. Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
- The religious wars were wars between Catholics and Protestants for political power, etc. They fought in many places like Germany, France or Netherlands.
- The Catholic Church responded with reforms:
1. Council of Trent: clearer Catholic doctrine and better training for priests.2. Jesuits: a new religious order focused on education and defending Catholicism.
1. Northern Europe: mostly Protestants.2. Southern Europe (including Spain): strongly Catholic.
3. The Habsburg Monarchy
·The Habsburgs had a massive empire with lands in Spain, America, and many parts of Europe.·It was very difficult to rule because the territories were far away and had different laws. ·The kings had Councils, which were groups of experts that helped them make important decisions. ·They also used Viceroys to represent the king and control the most distant places
4. Carlos I - Early Reign
- Inheritance: Carlos I inherited a massive empire: Spain (including America), the Low Countries, parts of Italy, and Austria, plus the right to be Holy Roman Emperor.
- Early Problems in Spain: His arrival caused friction because: 1.He didn't speak Spanish at first. 2.He relied heavily on foreign advisors.
3.He raised taxes significantly to pay for his Emperor title.
- Revolt of the Comuneros (1520–1521): Cities rebelled against his rule and his foreign influence. They were defeated at Villalar in 1521. Following this, Carlos adjusted his strategy and started cooperating more closely with Spanish nobles.
5. Carlos I – Foreign Policy
Carlos I wanted to defend Catholic unity and his empire: He had wars against France, for the control of Italy. Wars against protestant princes in Germany and against the Ottoman Empire. He also administered American territories.
In 1556, he divided the Empire
Spain, Netherlands, Italy and America
Austria and the Holy Roman Empire
6. Felipe II - Government
·Philip II chose Madrid as the capital in 1561 because it was in the center of Spain. ·He lived and governed from the Escorial, a big palace near the mountains. ·He was obsessed with documents and spent many hours reading and writing notes. ·He wanted to control every detail of the empire, so he was a very slow king.
7. Felipe II: Main Conflicts
Main Cause
Conflict:
- Dutch Revolt (Netherlands)
Imposition of Catholicism and high taxes by Spain.
Ottoman expansion threatening the Western Mediterranean.
Spanish intervention in England (supporting Catholics) and English piracy.
Spanish intervention during the French Wars of Religion.
Key Event
Uprising and declaration of independence by the northern provinces.
The Holy League (led by Spain) defeats the Ottoman fleet.
The massive Spanish fleet sent to invade England is defeated by the English navy and storms.
Spain supported the Catholic League against the Protestant heir, Henry of Navarre.
Main Result
Spain loses control of the independent Protestant United Provinces.
Halted Ottoman naval expansion in the Mediterranean for a time.
Failure of the invasion; England confirms its power at sea.
Spain accepted Henry IV as King after his conversion to Catholicism.
8. Culture in the 16th Century
In the 16th century:
An example of architecture is "El Escorial".
A very famous painter was "El Greco".
In literature, mysticim appeared with authors like Saint Teresa or Saint John.
Science and navigation improved.
9. Conquest of the Aztecs
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish explorer who arrived in Mexico in 1519.He made alliances with indigenous tribes because they hated the Aztecs. These tribes helped the Spanish army to fight against the Aztec Empire. In 1521, Tenochtitlan fell because of the war and new diseases like smallpox.
10. Conquest of the Incas
- Pizarro : Pizarro was the Spanish leader. He came in 1532 and took over. He used the Incas' problems to win easily.
- Civil War ( between Atahualpa and Huáscar): The Inca brothers, Atahualpa and Huáscar, were fighting each other for the crown. This made the whole empire weak right before Pizarro attacked.
- Fall of Cuzco: Pizarro caught and killed Atahualpa. Then, the Spanish took Cuzco, which was the main city. This was the end of the Inca rule in 1533.
11. Life in Colonial America
Different social groups:
1. Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain2. Creoles – Spaniards born in America 3. Mestizos – mixed origin 4. Indigenous peoples 5. Enslaved Africans
- Central Plaza
- Cathedral
- Government buildings
Cities:
Were built with a grid system
- Spread of Christianity
- Mix of languages and traditions
Cultural impact:
- Mining, to get silver
- Agriculture and ranching
- Encomienda and repartimiento systems
Economy:
12.Timeline
1517
Reformation
Comuneros
Martin Luther started a movement to change the Catholic Church and created Protestantism.
The people of Castile fought against King Charles I because they didn't like his new taxes.
The Spanish army defeated France in Italy and captured the French King, Francis I.
1520
1525
Pavia
Lepanto
A group of Christian countries defeated the Ottoman Empire in a very important sea battle.
King Philip II sent a big fleet of ships to invade England, but they lost due to the storms.
1571
1588
Spanish Armada
1556
Abdication
King Charles I was tired, so he left the throne and gave his empire to his son Philip II.
13. CONCLUSION
Carlos I and Felipe II made Spain the biggest superpower in the 16th century. Carlos defended the empire in Europe, and Felipe II expanded it in the Americas and fought for Catholicism everywhere. Basically, they put Spain at the center of everything important in Europe and the world.
14. Bibliography
We have used:
- The classroom's Students Notes
- The textbook
- The Internet to search images and information
THE END!
Thank you for listening!
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Unit 7
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Transcript
By: Yassmine, Silvia and Valeria
Unit 7
Carlos I and Felipe II
Index
7. Felipe II – Main Conflicts
1. The Protestant Reformation
8. Culture in the 16th Century
2. Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
9. Conquest of the Aztecs
10. Conquest of the Incas
3. The Habsburg Monarchy
11. Life in Colonial America
4. Carlos I – Early Reign
12. Timeline
5. Carlos I – Foreign Policy
13. Conclusion
6. Felipe II – Government
14. Bibliography
1. The Protestant Reformation
2. Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
1. Council of Trent: clearer Catholic doctrine and better training for priests.2. Jesuits: a new religious order focused on education and defending Catholicism.
1. Northern Europe: mostly Protestants.2. Southern Europe (including Spain): strongly Catholic.
3. The Habsburg Monarchy
·The Habsburgs had a massive empire with lands in Spain, America, and many parts of Europe.·It was very difficult to rule because the territories were far away and had different laws. ·The kings had Councils, which were groups of experts that helped them make important decisions. ·They also used Viceroys to represent the king and control the most distant places
4. Carlos I - Early Reign
- Early Problems in Spain: His arrival caused friction because: 1.He didn't speak Spanish at first. 2.He relied heavily on foreign advisors.
3.He raised taxes significantly to pay for his Emperor title.5. Carlos I – Foreign Policy
Carlos I wanted to defend Catholic unity and his empire: He had wars against France, for the control of Italy. Wars against protestant princes in Germany and against the Ottoman Empire. He also administered American territories.
In 1556, he divided the Empire
Spain, Netherlands, Italy and America
Austria and the Holy Roman Empire
6. Felipe II - Government
·Philip II chose Madrid as the capital in 1561 because it was in the center of Spain. ·He lived and governed from the Escorial, a big palace near the mountains. ·He was obsessed with documents and spent many hours reading and writing notes. ·He wanted to control every detail of the empire, so he was a very slow king.
7. Felipe II: Main Conflicts
Main Cause
Conflict:
Imposition of Catholicism and high taxes by Spain.
Ottoman expansion threatening the Western Mediterranean.
Spanish intervention in England (supporting Catholics) and English piracy.
Spanish intervention during the French Wars of Religion.
Key Event
Uprising and declaration of independence by the northern provinces.
The Holy League (led by Spain) defeats the Ottoman fleet.
The massive Spanish fleet sent to invade England is defeated by the English navy and storms.
Spain supported the Catholic League against the Protestant heir, Henry of Navarre.
Main Result
Spain loses control of the independent Protestant United Provinces.
Halted Ottoman naval expansion in the Mediterranean for a time.
Failure of the invasion; England confirms its power at sea.
Spain accepted Henry IV as King after his conversion to Catholicism.
8. Culture in the 16th Century
In the 16th century:
An example of architecture is "El Escorial".
A very famous painter was "El Greco".
In literature, mysticim appeared with authors like Saint Teresa or Saint John.
Science and navigation improved.
9. Conquest of the Aztecs
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish explorer who arrived in Mexico in 1519.He made alliances with indigenous tribes because they hated the Aztecs. These tribes helped the Spanish army to fight against the Aztec Empire. In 1521, Tenochtitlan fell because of the war and new diseases like smallpox.
10. Conquest of the Incas
11. Life in Colonial America
Different social groups:
1. Peninsulares – Spaniards born in Spain2. Creoles – Spaniards born in America 3. Mestizos – mixed origin 4. Indigenous peoples 5. Enslaved Africans
Cities:
Were built with a grid system
Cultural impact:
Economy:
12.Timeline
1517
Reformation
Comuneros
Martin Luther started a movement to change the Catholic Church and created Protestantism.
The people of Castile fought against King Charles I because they didn't like his new taxes.
The Spanish army defeated France in Italy and captured the French King, Francis I.
1520
1525
Pavia
Lepanto
A group of Christian countries defeated the Ottoman Empire in a very important sea battle.
King Philip II sent a big fleet of ships to invade England, but they lost due to the storms.
1571
1588
Spanish Armada
1556
Abdication
King Charles I was tired, so he left the throne and gave his empire to his son Philip II.
13. CONCLUSION
Carlos I and Felipe II made Spain the biggest superpower in the 16th century. Carlos defended the empire in Europe, and Felipe II expanded it in the Americas and fought for Catholicism everywhere. Basically, they put Spain at the center of everything important in Europe and the world.
14. Bibliography
We have used:
THE END!
Thank you for listening!
¿Necesitas más motivos para crear contenidos dinámicos? Bien: el 90% de la información que asimilamos nos llega a través de la vista y, además, retenemos un 42% más de información cuando el contenido se mueve.Escribe un texto genial, haciendo clic en Texto, en la barra lateral izquierda. Ojo: las fuentes, el tamaño y el color deben adecuarse al tema que estés tratando.
Escribe un titular genial
Con las plantillas de Genially podrás incluir recursos visuales para dejar a tu audiencia con la boca abierta. También destacar alguna frase o dato concreto que se quede grabado a fuego en la memoria de tu público e incluso embeber contenido externo que sorprenda: vídeos, fotos, audios... ¡Lo que tú quieras!