Carlos I and felipe II
Unit 7 - Geography and History
Maider and Lorea
Start
Escribe un subtítulo genial aquí para dar contexto
Index
Felipe II - Main Conflicts
The Protestant Reformation
Culture in the 16th Century
Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation.
Conquest of the Aztecs
The Habsburg Monarchy
Conquest of the Incas
Carlos I - Early Reign
Life in Colonial America
Carlos I - Foreign Policy
NEXT
Timeline
Felipe II - Government
Conclusion
The Protestant Reformation
It started because people only wanted money so they conected with the church for money no for conection with god so the people of the church wanted to change that.
In 1517, Martin Luther telled the Pope some of his ideas. He believed that salvation comes only through faith, everyone should read the Bible in their own language, and the Church should be humbler. This split Europe into Catholics and Protestants.
Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
RELIGIOUS WARS:
After the Reformatio, Europe faced many violent conflicts between Catholics and Protestants who fought for power and their faith.
Council of trent:
To stop the Reformation the Catholic Church met to fix its problems. They confirmed the Pope's authority and improved the education of priests.
THE jesuits:
This was a new religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. They were like '' soldiers of God'' who spread Catholicism through schools and missions.
The Habsburg Monarchy
Who were they? What did they rule? why was governing difficult? Importance of Councils and viceroys.
The Habsburgs were the most powerful family in Europe. They ruled Spain, the American colonies, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and Central Europe. Governing this empire was very hard because the territories were far away, had different laws, and spoke different languages. To manage everything, the Kings used Councils, that were experts who gave advice and Viceroys, that were representatives who ruled in the King's name in distant lands.
Carlos I - Early Reign
PROBLEMS IN SPAIN
REVOLT OF THE COMUNEROS
HIS INHERITANCE
Carlos I was the luckiest king in history. He inherited Spain and America from his maternal grandparents, and the Holy Roman Empire from his paternal grandparents.
When he arrived people didn't liked him because he was a ''foreign'' king who didn's speak spanish and brought his own Flemish advisors
The cities of Castile rose up against him because of high taxes and his foreign government. Finally, the royal army defeated them at the Battle of Villalar
CURIOSITY!
He had two names, Carlos I of Spain and Carlos V of Germany
Carlos I - Foreign Policy
WAR AGAINST OTTOMAN
WAR AGAINST PROTESTANTS
WAR AGAINST FRANCE
They fought many times to control Italy. The most important moment was the Battle of Pavia (1525), where the French King was captured and taken to Spain. In the end, Charles won control of the Duchy of Milan, which helped him surround France and make Spain the strongest power in Europe.
Carlos wanted all of Europe to stay Catholic, but many German princes joined the Schmalkaldic League to support Martin Luther’s Reformation. Carlos won a big victory at the Battle of Mühlberg (1547), but he couldn't stop the new religion. Finally, he signed the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which allowed German princes to choose their own religion.
Carlos fought against Suleiman the Magnificent to defend Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. He had to stop the Turks from taking Vienna in 1529 and fought pirates in the sea. Although he had a great victory when he conquered Tunis (1535), the Ottoman Empire remained a very powerful and dangerous enemy for the rest of his reign.
Felipe II - Goverment
Madrid Capital
How he governed
Obsession
He was called the "Paper King" because he worked very hard. He wanted to see every document and sign every paper himself. He was obsessed with details and wanted to know everything that happened in his empire, but this made the government very slow.
Felipe II was an Absolute Monarch, which means he had all the power. However, he didn't work alone. He used Councils to help him. He stayed in one place, mostly at his huge palace, El Escorial, to rule his global empire.
In 1561 Felipe chose Madrid to became the capital.He chose Madrid because it is in the exact center of Spain. This made it easier to send and receive news from every part of the country. Also, Madrid was a neutral place where he could build his own government from scratch.
Felipe II - Main Conflicts
Culture in the 16th Century
Architecture (El Escorial)
Literature (Mysticism)
They wrote religiously about how they felt close to god. Some important writers were: Saint Teresa of Ávila and Saint John of the Cross. Literature was very important in Spain at this time.
It was built by King Philip II. It is a large palace and monastery in Spain. It Shows the power of the king and the Catholic Church. It is simple and has a serious style
Painting (El Greco)
Science and Navigation
There were important advances in ships and maps. New navigation tools made sea travel safer and more accurate. These improvements helped Spain explore new lands and expand its empire. As a result, trade and travel became easier and faster.
El Greco was a very important painter of the 16th century. He painted religious scenes. The figures he painted were long and thin. Finally, his paintings show strong emotions
Conquest of the Aztecs
Some indigenous groups were enemies of the Aztecs so, they helped Cortés with soldiers and information. This alliance was very important for the conquest
Hernán Cortés was a spanish conquistador. He arrived in Mexico in 1519 and he wanted to conquer the Aztec Empire for Spain.
Finally, In 1521 the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan fell because the Spanish attacked them. When this occured the Aztec Empire ended.
Conquest of the Incas
The Inca Empire was divided between two brothers fighting for power(Atahualpa and Huáscar). This civil war weakened the empire before Pizarro arrived.
Francisco Pizarro was a spanish conquistador who arrived in South America in the 1530s. He led the conquest of the Inca Empire for Spain
Finally, In 1532 spanish men captured Atahualpa. So, Cuzco (The Inca's capital) fell and the Inca Empire collapsed.
Life in Colonial America
Cities
Social Hierarchy
Economy
City structure:
Main activities:
The society was divided into groups:
- Mining for gold and silver - Farming crops like sugar, maize and cacao - Wealth came mostly from mining
Cities had a main square at the center. Around the square there were important buildings such as: the cathedral, government buildings markets and houses
The square was the social and political center
- Peninsulares (Spanish-born people) - Creoles (Spanish parents but born in America) - Mestizos (mixed Spanish and indigenous) - Indigenous peoples and Africans
Timeline
1571
1525
1517
Lepanto
Pavia
Reformation
1588
1520 - 1521
1556
Spanish Armada
Abdication
Comuneros
Conclusion
In conclusion:Carlos I and Felipe II were powerful kings of Spain in the 16th century. Carlos I expanded the Spanish Empire in Europe and the Americas, winning battles and getting new territories. Felipe II maked more strength Spain’s power, defended the Catholic Church, and led important wars like Lepanto. Together, they changed Europe and the world by building a vast empire, influencing politics, religion, and trade for many years.
Bibliography
Notes:
Student Notes (Classroom) and Genially Creation Guide (Classroom)
Images:
Google and Genially
Websites:
www.wikipedia.org, www.britannica.com, www.history.com, www.bbc.co.uk/history, www.khanacademy.org, www.nationalgeographic.com/history, www.historyextra.com, www.ancient.eu
The End
We hope you enjoyed our presentation and learned from it
Carlos I and felipe II
Lorea Muro Alzate
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Transcript
Carlos I and felipe II
Unit 7 - Geography and History
Maider and Lorea
Start
Escribe un subtítulo genial aquí para dar contexto
Index
Felipe II - Main Conflicts
The Protestant Reformation
Culture in the 16th Century
Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation.
Conquest of the Aztecs
The Habsburg Monarchy
Conquest of the Incas
Carlos I - Early Reign
Life in Colonial America
Carlos I - Foreign Policy
NEXT
Timeline
Felipe II - Government
Conclusion
The Protestant Reformation
It started because people only wanted money so they conected with the church for money no for conection with god so the people of the church wanted to change that.
In 1517, Martin Luther telled the Pope some of his ideas. He believed that salvation comes only through faith, everyone should read the Bible in their own language, and the Church should be humbler. This split Europe into Catholics and Protestants.
Religious Wars & Counter-Reformation
RELIGIOUS WARS:
After the Reformatio, Europe faced many violent conflicts between Catholics and Protestants who fought for power and their faith.
Council of trent:
To stop the Reformation the Catholic Church met to fix its problems. They confirmed the Pope's authority and improved the education of priests.
THE jesuits:
This was a new religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. They were like '' soldiers of God'' who spread Catholicism through schools and missions.
The Habsburg Monarchy
Who were they? What did they rule? why was governing difficult? Importance of Councils and viceroys.
The Habsburgs were the most powerful family in Europe. They ruled Spain, the American colonies, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and Central Europe. Governing this empire was very hard because the territories were far away, had different laws, and spoke different languages. To manage everything, the Kings used Councils, that were experts who gave advice and Viceroys, that were representatives who ruled in the King's name in distant lands.
Carlos I - Early Reign
PROBLEMS IN SPAIN
REVOLT OF THE COMUNEROS
HIS INHERITANCE
Carlos I was the luckiest king in history. He inherited Spain and America from his maternal grandparents, and the Holy Roman Empire from his paternal grandparents.
When he arrived people didn't liked him because he was a ''foreign'' king who didn's speak spanish and brought his own Flemish advisors
The cities of Castile rose up against him because of high taxes and his foreign government. Finally, the royal army defeated them at the Battle of Villalar
CURIOSITY!
He had two names, Carlos I of Spain and Carlos V of Germany
Carlos I - Foreign Policy
WAR AGAINST OTTOMAN
WAR AGAINST PROTESTANTS
WAR AGAINST FRANCE
They fought many times to control Italy. The most important moment was the Battle of Pavia (1525), where the French King was captured and taken to Spain. In the end, Charles won control of the Duchy of Milan, which helped him surround France and make Spain the strongest power in Europe.
Carlos wanted all of Europe to stay Catholic, but many German princes joined the Schmalkaldic League to support Martin Luther’s Reformation. Carlos won a big victory at the Battle of Mühlberg (1547), but he couldn't stop the new religion. Finally, he signed the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which allowed German princes to choose their own religion.
Carlos fought against Suleiman the Magnificent to defend Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. He had to stop the Turks from taking Vienna in 1529 and fought pirates in the sea. Although he had a great victory when he conquered Tunis (1535), the Ottoman Empire remained a very powerful and dangerous enemy for the rest of his reign.
Felipe II - Goverment
Madrid Capital
How he governed
Obsession
He was called the "Paper King" because he worked very hard. He wanted to see every document and sign every paper himself. He was obsessed with details and wanted to know everything that happened in his empire, but this made the government very slow.
Felipe II was an Absolute Monarch, which means he had all the power. However, he didn't work alone. He used Councils to help him. He stayed in one place, mostly at his huge palace, El Escorial, to rule his global empire.
In 1561 Felipe chose Madrid to became the capital.He chose Madrid because it is in the exact center of Spain. This made it easier to send and receive news from every part of the country. Also, Madrid was a neutral place where he could build his own government from scratch.
Felipe II - Main Conflicts
Culture in the 16th Century
Architecture (El Escorial)
Literature (Mysticism)
They wrote religiously about how they felt close to god. Some important writers were: Saint Teresa of Ávila and Saint John of the Cross. Literature was very important in Spain at this time.
It was built by King Philip II. It is a large palace and monastery in Spain. It Shows the power of the king and the Catholic Church. It is simple and has a serious style
Painting (El Greco)
Science and Navigation
There were important advances in ships and maps. New navigation tools made sea travel safer and more accurate. These improvements helped Spain explore new lands and expand its empire. As a result, trade and travel became easier and faster.
El Greco was a very important painter of the 16th century. He painted religious scenes. The figures he painted were long and thin. Finally, his paintings show strong emotions
Conquest of the Aztecs
Some indigenous groups were enemies of the Aztecs so, they helped Cortés with soldiers and information. This alliance was very important for the conquest
Hernán Cortés was a spanish conquistador. He arrived in Mexico in 1519 and he wanted to conquer the Aztec Empire for Spain.
Finally, In 1521 the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan fell because the Spanish attacked them. When this occured the Aztec Empire ended.
Conquest of the Incas
The Inca Empire was divided between two brothers fighting for power(Atahualpa and Huáscar). This civil war weakened the empire before Pizarro arrived.
Francisco Pizarro was a spanish conquistador who arrived in South America in the 1530s. He led the conquest of the Inca Empire for Spain
Finally, In 1532 spanish men captured Atahualpa. So, Cuzco (The Inca's capital) fell and the Inca Empire collapsed.
Life in Colonial America
Cities
Social Hierarchy
Economy
City structure:
Main activities:
The society was divided into groups:
- Mining for gold and silver - Farming crops like sugar, maize and cacao - Wealth came mostly from mining
Cities had a main square at the center. Around the square there were important buildings such as: the cathedral, government buildings markets and houses The square was the social and political center
- Peninsulares (Spanish-born people) - Creoles (Spanish parents but born in America) - Mestizos (mixed Spanish and indigenous) - Indigenous peoples and Africans
Timeline
1571
1525
1517
Lepanto
Pavia
Reformation
1588
1520 - 1521
1556
Spanish Armada
Abdication
Comuneros
Conclusion
In conclusion:Carlos I and Felipe II were powerful kings of Spain in the 16th century. Carlos I expanded the Spanish Empire in Europe and the Americas, winning battles and getting new territories. Felipe II maked more strength Spain’s power, defended the Catholic Church, and led important wars like Lepanto. Together, they changed Europe and the world by building a vast empire, influencing politics, religion, and trade for many years.
Bibliography
Notes:
Student Notes (Classroom) and Genially Creation Guide (Classroom)
Images:
Google and Genially
Websites:
www.wikipedia.org, www.britannica.com, www.history.com, www.bbc.co.uk/history, www.khanacademy.org, www.nationalgeographic.com/history, www.historyextra.com, www.ancient.eu
The End
We hope you enjoyed our presentation and learned from it