George McGregor: Concept map

Mind Map

Publishing

References

Music Production

Live Music

Music Industry

Legal

Distribution

Publishing

Song Writer

Music Publisher

Signs with

First page

Songwriter

Music Publisher (Signs with)

Recording artist (Write music for)

Record Labels (Collab to provide material for recording artist)

A&R (Scouted by and work with)

A songwriter is a professional musician who composes, writes or creates musical compositions. Songwriting gigs can include writing lyrics, melodies, hooks or entire compositions. Songwriters typically specialize in one specific aspect of writing and work with other songwriters that compliment their own skills. For example: a lyricist might collaborate with another songwriter that’s primarily a composer to create a full composition. Songwriters create compositions for other artists or acts with the hopes of having their compositions recorded by bigger commercial artists. The compositions songwriters create are typically recorded as demos that are shopped to producers, executives, artists or managers. If a song is picked up, that song will be recorded by another artist or band with songwriting credit given to the composer(s). Songwriters typically focus on on specific aspect of songwriting and represent a specific type of songwriter. LANDR (2021). What are Songwriters? How to Become a Songwriter Explained. [online] LANDR Blog. Available at: https://blog.landr.com/songwriters/. ‌

Artist Manager (Managed by)

PRS (Collects royalties from)

Executive Producer (Collab on a project)

Lawyer (Handles legal matters)

MCPS (Collects royalties from)

Contracts (Sign with music publisher)

Mechanical licensing (Rights owner)

Sync Licensing (Rights Owner)

First page

Music Publisher

Lawyer (Handles legalmatters)

Defintion: Music publishing is the business of promotion and monetization of musical compositions: music publishers ensure that songwriters receive royalties for their compositions, and also work to generate opportunities for those compositions to be performed and reproduced. (Dmitry Pastukhov, 2019)

Song Writer (sign)

Record label (work together to create songs)

A&R (Finds artists to sign)

Accountant (Oversee publishing payments)

Artist Manager (Work to find opportunities for the artist)

PRS (register music with)

MCPS (Register music with)

Contracts (issues contracts to songwriters

Mechanical Licensing (rights owner and grantor)

Sync Licensing (Rights owner and grantor)

First page

Music Production

Production Process

Record Label

First page

Record Label (Denfinition)

Lawyer (handles legal matters for labels and artists)

A&R (scout and develop talent)

Recording artist (sign for)

Artist manager (liason between artist and label)

Marketing and Promotion (Market for an artist)

Accountant (manages finance)

First page

Record Label

Music publisher (negotiate to license songs and manage publishing rights)

Songwriter (collab to provide material for recovering artist)

All parts of production process

PPL (Master rights owner)

Definition:

Public Performance licensing (Master rights owner)

MCPS (Master rights owner)

Record labels are companies, large or small, that manufacture, distribute, and promote the recordings of affiliated musicians. Essentially, record labels work to sell the artist's brand and the products they create. There are various departments within record labels that work together to best sell their products and artists. (Davis et al., 2018).

Mechanical Licensing (Master rights owner)

Sync licensing (Master rights owner)

Contracts (Issue contracts to recording artist)

All Parts of distribution

Music Promoter (work together to promote artist tours)

Booking agent (coordinated tours)

Tour manager (work with to ensure tour is successful)

Merchandising (work with to ensure merch aligns with label goals)

First page

Marketing and promotion

Artist manager (work together to align promotional strategies for artists)

Definition

A&R (work with to develop artist)

Recording artist (market artist)

• Marketing music includes all the promotional efforts required to reach out to the target listeners and get them to like your music and trust you as an artist.With so many talented artists clamouring for the audience’s attention, a smart marketing strategy can be the difference between a record market dominance and anonymity. (London College of Contemporary Music | LCCM, 2025)

• Music promotion is the strategic process of getting your music discovered, shared, and appreciated by a wider audience beyond your immediate circle. It’s essentially the art and science of transforming your musical creation from a hidden gem to a potential breakthrough hit. (Musicgateway.com, 2025)

Tour manager (work with to promote tour)

Music promoter (work with to promote the show)

Accountant (manages budgets)

Merchandising (work with to promote merch)

Streaming platforms (work with to promote music on platform)

Front page

Accountant

Definition:

• As an accountant, you will track and manage finances for a range of organisations (or a sole employer). Your job may include royalty accounting, financial forecasting, working with budgets, and have many other key responsibilities. It requires a highly organised person and someone who can work across multiple enquiries at once. You will be analysing income statements and potentially ensuring that all newly released products and songs information is updated within the royalty system. (UK Music, 2025)

Music Publisher (Oversee Payments for)

Record label (handles the financial side of all compnents of label)

Front page

Lawyer

Songwriter (handles legal matters)

Music publisher (handles legal matters)

Definition:

• Music Lawyers act as legal advisors and advocates for their clients. They are responsible for handling a wide range of music-related legal matters, including negotiating and drafting contracts, protecting intellectual property rights, and resolving disputes. One of the key responsibilities of a music lawyer is to ensure that their clients are treated fairly and that their best interests are protected. (robadmin, 2023)

Record label (handles legal matters)

Contracts (Draft, negotiate and enforce contracts)

Recording artist (handles legal matters)

First page

Artist and Repertoire (A&R)

Music publisher (works with to scout songwriters)

Songwriter (scout and develop)

Definition

• A&R, or Artists and Repertoire, is essential in the music industry. It involves talent scouting through performances and demos, guiding the recording process to balance creativity with market trends, and collaborating with marketing teams for strategic promotion. A&R professionals also utilise data analytics to discover emerging talent and prioritise online engagement. Their role is evolving with digital advancements, providing opportunities for independent artists. A deeper exploration reveals how A&R adapts to new music industry dynamics. (Musosoup, 2025)

Recording Artist (scout and develop)

Record Label (scout and develop talent for)

Marketing and promotion (work with to develop artists)

Artist manager (work with on developnet of artist)

First page

Recording Artist

Definition

Songwriter (perform their written music)

All of Production process (work to produce song/album)

Marketing and promotion (market artist)

• A recording artist is a musician that performs songs or musical compositions in a studio-like setting for the purpose of recording and releasing them to the public. A recording artist can be a singular individual, a band, or even a massive symphony. (musiciansunion.org.uk, n.d.)

Record Label (sign with)

Artist manager (managed by)

Public Performance Licensing (Ensure payment from music played in public)

A&R (gets scouted by)

Lawyer (handles legal matters)

PPL (collect royalties from)

Session musician (record with)

Contracts (sign contracts with record label)

Booking agent (get performances from)

Music promoter (book to perform)

Tour manager (tour managed by)

Roadie (equipment setup by)

Live sound technician (sound managed by)

Venue manager (ensured everything is ready)

Venue (Perform in)

Front page

Artist Manager

Definition

Music publisher (work with to get opportunites for songwriters)

Record Label (Liaison between artist and record label)

Songwriter (manage)

• the manager is the public representatives of an artist. Managers reach out to partners and filter incoming offers on the artist's behalf. This part of the job involves taking a lot of small decisions, and most of the time the artists are not aware of them. Artists have to rely on the manager's judgment, so the relationships between them must be built on trust. A strong team mindset is the basis of any successful management deal, and that is why the manager is often the closest person an artist has aside from family and friends. (Dmitry Pastukhov, 2024)

Marketing and promotion (work together to align promotional strategies for artists)

A&R (collab to develop artists career)

Recording artist (manage)

Contracts (negotiate and oversee)

Front page

Production Process

Recording engineer

Mixing engineer

Music producer

Executive producer

Mastering engineer

Recording studio

Session Musician

Music Producer

Definition:

• Music production is the process by which music is created, captured, manipulated, and preserved so that it can be distributed and enjoyed. All of the recorded music that you know and love exists because it went through the production process, no matter how well-known or underground a recording may be, and no matter how minimalist or maximalist it sounds.
• Professional music production is creative and technical. It requires well-developed listening skills, a good handle on recording technology, a deep musical knowledge, and effective project management and leadership skills by a music producer, also known as a record producer. (Berklee Online, 2020)

Recording Artist (work with to create music)

Record Label (Work for)

Rest of the production process (work to produce song/album)

Front page

Executive producer

Songwriter (collab on a project)

Definition

Record Label (work for)

• An Executive Producer manages production teams and helps them achieve the highest standards of content production. Execs provide editorial liaison with network heads and manage the implementation of any major strategies across the shows they look after. They also work closely with presenters to help them develop their skills. (Radio Academy, 2021)

Rest of production process (work to produce song/album)

Accountant (Manages budgets for project)

Recording Artist (work for to create music)

Front page

Recording engineer

Definition:

• A recording engineer specialises in capturing and shaping sound during music, film, or broadcast production. They use advanced recording equipment and software to ensure that audio is recorded at the highest possible quality. Working behind the scenes, they help artists, producers, and performers bring their creative ideas to life by translating performances into clean, well-balanced recordings.

• Recording engineers typically work in professional studios but may also work on location for live performances, film shoots, or broadcasts. Their work environment blends technology with creativity, allowing them to play a vital role in the production process. Through their technical expertise and attention to detail, recording engineers help create the clear, immersive sound that defines professional music and media. (CareerExplorer, 2017).

Production process (work to produce song/album)

Record label (Work for)

Recording artist (work with to record music)

Front page

Mixing engineer

Definition:

Production process (Work to produce song/album)

Record label (work for)

• A mixing engineer is responsible for creating a final mix (a mixdown) of a musical piece. After the recording is completed, the mixing engineer blends all the tracks together using different processes and effects. Mix engineer is exactly the person who creates a cohesive song where all the parts work perfectly together. (Rayden, 2022).

Recording artist (work with to get ideal mix)

Front page

Mastering engineer

Production process (work to produce song/album)

Definition

Record label (work for)

• A mastering engineer prepares the final mixes for release by quality-checking the audio, processing it to ensure it translates and sounds as well as possible across different listening applications, and creating formats ready for distribution. (UK Music, n.d.)

Recording artist (work with to get the ideal master)

Front page

Recording Studio

Definition:

Record label (music for record labels produced in studio)

• Recording studios generally consist of three rooms: the studio itself, where the sound for the recording is created (often referred to as the “live room”), the control room, where the sound from the studio is recorded and manipulated, and the machine room, where noisier equipment that may interfere with the recording process is kept. Recording studios are carefully designed around the principles of room acoustics to create a set of spaces with the acoustical properties required for recording sound with precision and accuracy. This will consist of both room treatment (through the use of absorption and diffusion materials on the surfaces of the room, and also consideration of the physical dimensions of the room itself in order to make the room respond to sound in a desired way) and soundproofing (to provide sonic isolation between the rooms). A recording studio may also include additional rooms, such as a vocal booth – a small room designed for voice recording, as well as one or more extra control rooms. (Glossop, 2013)

Production process (work in to produce sing/album)

Recording artist (Record in)

Front page

Session musician

Definition

Production process (work in to produce song/album)

Record label (hired by)

• A session musician is anyone who plays a musical instrument or sings in a live or recorded session that is not a featured artist (i.e., contracted to a label).

• Session musicians can be engaged directly by a production company or record label, but are often engaged via a fixer (also known as a contractor) who has signed an agreement with the Musicians’ Union. (Musicians Union, 2023)

Recording artist (record with)

Contracts (sign short-term employment contracts with labels)

Front page

Distribution (Definition)

Physical distribution company

Digital dristribution company

Streaming platforms

Manufacturer

Physical music stores

Digital music store

Consumer

Front page

Distribution

Definition:

• Music distribution is the process of making your songs available for streaming or download on music stores and streaming platforms, including Spotify, Apple Music, and Amazon Music, as well as social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok.

• It can also refer to physical distribution (like selling your vinyl in record stores) or additional monetisation services like YouTube. (Amuse, n.d.)

Record label (distribute music to earn revenue)

Front page

Manufacturer

Definition:

Record label (manufacture physical music copies for)

• Manufacturing physical copies of music involves selecting appropriate formats, determining quantities, and coordinating printing, pressing, and packaging. This process often requires collaboration with manufacturing partners and mastering engineers to ensure high-quality production standards. Artists and labels may also choose to include bonus content, such as lyric booklets, artwork, or limited-edition variants, to enhance the value and appeal of physical releases. (The F-List Directory of UK Female & Gender Diverse Musicians, 2025)

Physical distribution comapany (distribute manufactured copies to stores)

Front page

Digital distribution company

Definition:

Streaming platforms (distribute music to)

Record Label (distribute digital music to earn revenue)

• Digital music distributors (aka aggregators) supply music to such global stores and online platforms as iTunes, Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon Music, and Tidal. Songtrust is not a distributor; it’s a publishing administrator. (help.songtrust.com, n.d.)

digital music stores (distribute music to)

Front page

Streaming platforms

Definition:

Marketing and promotion (work with to promote music on platform)

Record Label (host music and pay royalties for)

• Music streaming refers to the digital distribution of audio content over the internet, allowing users to access a vast library of songs on-demand or through curated playlists. This market encompasses subscription-based services, ad-supported platforms, and digital radio stations, offering users the flexibility to listen to music anytime, anywhere, on various devices.

• The market comprises revenues, users, average revenue per user, and penetration rates. Revenues are generated through subscriptions. Key players in the market are companies, such as Spotify, Apple Music or Amazon Music. (Statista, 2025)

Digital distribution company (music distributed from)

Consumer (streams music)

Front page

Physical distribution company

Record Label (Distribute physical music copies for)

Definition:

• Physical distribution companies specialise in the movement of physical media such as CDs, vinyl, and tapes. They work with both major and independent artists, providing a range of services including manufacturing and distribution. (Pirate Studios, 2023)

Physical music stores (distribute music to)

Front page

Digital Music Stores

Definition:

Record label (sell digital music for)

• The term online music store describes a website or online service that lets you browse through and buy music from many genres and artists. Most online music stores allow the customer to listen to samples of songs, and buy single songs and full albums. Some are subscription services, and others offer one-time purchases. Audio streaming services may also be available for a small subscription fee. (Computer Hope, 2024)

Consumer (purchase music)

Digital distribution company (music distributed from)

Front page

Physical Music Stores

Definition

• Music/Video Stores means stores that primarily offer for sale musical recordings on compact discs, cassettes, or other media, and/or movie recordings on videos, laser disks, or other media for home use by consumers. (Law Insider, 2025).

Record Label (Sell physical music copies for)

Consumer (Purchase music)

Physical distribution comapny (music distributed from)

Front page

Consumer

Definition:

Streaming platforms (streaming music)

Digital music stores (buys music from)

Physical music stores (buy music from)

• Consumption of music refers to the ways in which individuals access, experience, and engage with music, particularly in the context of the technological advancements and cultural shifts of the 20th and 21st centuries. This concept encompasses various mediums, including radio, vinyl records, CDs, digital downloads, and streaming services, which have transformed how people listen to and share music. Additionally, consumption patterns reveal broader societal trends, including shifts in demographics, social behaviors, and cultural preferences. (Fiveable.me, 2025)

Record label (Drive revenue)

Merchandising (buy merch from)

Front page

Legal

Performing Rights Organisations (PRO)

Copyright

Licensing

Contracts

Front page

Copyright

Definition

Music publisher (Collects royalties for)

Record Label (master rights owner)

Songwriter (collects royalties for)

• Copyright of a musical work begins automatically once a piece of music is created and documented or recorded. The owner of the work's copyright has the sole authority to copy the music, issue, lend or rent copies to the public, and perform, show or play the music in public. (PRS for Music, 2019)

Licensing (granting permission to use copyrighted material)

PRO's (collect royalties for copyright holders)

Recording artist (collects royalties for)

Front page

Performing rights organisation (PRO)

Mechanical-Copyright Protection society (MCPS)

Performing Rights Society (PRS)

Phonographic Performance limited (PPL)

Front page

Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS)

Definition:

• MCPS collects and distributes mechanical royalties to songwriters, composers and publishers when their works have been copied or reproduced.

• Mechanical royalties are generated when a musical work is reproduced onto CD, vinyl, DVD and Blu-ray, downloaded and streamed or synchronised into a TV programme. (PRS for Music, 2019)

Songwriter (Collects royalties for)

Music Publisher (collect royalties for)

Contracts (Manage contracts to collect and distribute royalties)

Record label (Master rights owner)

Front page

Performing Rights Society (PRS)

Definition:

Songwriter (Collects royalties for)

Music Publisher (Collects royalties for)

• Collecting and distributing royalties to music creators when their music is performed or played in public, PRS stands for ‘Performing Right Society’. PRS pays royalties to members when performed in public (live or recorded), streamed or broadcast on TV and radio. (Gateway, 2019)

Contracts (Manage contracts to collect and distribute royalties)

Front page

Phonographic performance Limited (PPL)

Definition:

Recording artist (Collects royalties for)

• collects royalties for performers and recording right holders. PPL licenses recorded music that is played in public or broadcast over the radio, television or internet. (@lexisnexis, 2025)

Record label (Master rights owner)

Contracts (Manage contracts to collect and distribute royalties)

Front page

Licensing

Public Performance Licesning

Sync Licensing

Mechanical licensing

Front page

Sync Licensing

Definition:

Music Publisher (rights owner and grantor)

Songwriter (right owners)

• is the process of getting legal permission to use a piece of music with visual media, like films, TV shows, commercials, or video games, in exchange for fees and royalties. It involves clearing two main rights: the master rights (the specific recording) and the publishing rights (the composition/lyrics). This allows producers to "sync" music with moving pictures, creating a new revenue stream and exposure for artists. (Valencia, 2024)

Record label (Master rights owner)

Contracts (Contract must be signed to license)

Front page

Mechanical licensing

Definition:

Music publisher (rights owner and grantor)

Songwriter (right owners)

• A mechanical license is a legal agreement granting permission from a music publisher or songwriter to a user to reproduce and distribute copyrighted musical compositions in audio-only formats, such as CDs, vinyl, interactive streams, and digital downloads. It is required for creating "cover songs" and pays royalties to the songwriter/publisher. (Music, 2024)

Record label (Master rights owner)

Contracts (contract must be signed to license)

Front page

Public Performance licensing

Definition:

Record label (Master rights owner)

Recording artist (ensure they're getting paid)

• A public performance license for music is a legal agreement allowing the use of copyrighted music in public spaces or for broadcast, ensuring copyright holders are compensated. It is required whenever music is played outside a normal circle of family/friends, such as in businesses (bars, shops, gyms), live concerts, or via radio/TV. (SESAC, 2022)

Contracts (contract must be signed to license)

Front page

Contracts

Definition:

Songwriter (Sign contracts with music publishers)

Music publisher (Issue conrtacts to songwriters)

• music contracts are legally binding agreements that outline the terms and conditions for a specific business relationship or transaction in the music sector. They define each party’s rights, responsibilities, and obligations, providing clarity and protection for both artists and industry professionals. These contracts also cover various aspects of the music business, including album releases, royalties, touring, merchandise, and licensing. (Wolf, 2019)

Record label (Issue contract)

Lawyer (Draft, negotiate and enforce contracts)

Recording Artist (Sign contracts with record label)

Artist manager (Negotiate and oversee)

Session musician (sign short-term employment contracts with labels)

PRO's (Manage contracts to collect and distribute royalties)

Licensing (Contracts must be signed to license)

Front page

Live Music

Music promoter

Booking agent

Tour manager

Venue manager

Live sound engineer

Roadie

Venue

Merchandising

Front page

Music promoter

Definition:

Marketing and promotion (Work with to promote the show)

Record label (work together to promote artists tours)

• A music promoter is responsible for promoting and publicizing live music events, concerts, or tours. Their primary goal is to generate awareness and interest in a particular musical act, attracting a substantial audience to the performances they organize. (CareerExplorer, 2017).

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

Recording Artist (book to perform)

Front page

Booking agent

Definition:

Marketing and promotion (link)

Record label (coordinated tours for label)

• A music booking agent is a professional who secures live performance opportunities—such as concerts, tours, and festival slots—for artists, musicians, and DJs. Acting as an intermediary between talent and promoters or venue owners, they negotiate performance contracts, handle booking logistics, and typically work on commission. (www.theunsignedguide.com, n.d.)

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

Recording Artist (get performances)

Front Page

Tour manager

Definition

Record label (work with to ensure tour is successful)

Marketing and promotion (work with to promote tour)

• Tour managers take care of nearly every aspect of the lives of musicians and crew while on the road, providing organizational, administrative, and boots-on-the-ground support for the duration of a concert tour. They make transportation and lodging arrangements; communicate in advance with concert producers and venue management to coordinate load-in, sound check, and set times; convey the band's hospitality needs (backstage catering and dressing room setup); see to it that musicians and crew get to their next stop safely and on time; and ensure that the artist's rider requests are met. (Berklee, 2019)

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

Recording Artist (manage tour for)

Front page

Venue manager

Definition:

Other compenents of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

• A venue manager oversees the day-to-day operations of a live music venue, managing staff, safety, and facilities while coordinating closely with artists and touring teams to ensure events run smoothly. They may also be involved in booking, promotion, and creative programming, particularly in smaller venues. (Berklee, n.d.)

Record label (organise events, shows and tours)

Recording Artist (ensure everything is ready for performance)

Front page

Venue

Defintion

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

• a business entity that provides space for live music performance and whose primary source of revenue comes from the attendance of patrons of those performances. (Law Insider, 2025)

Recording Artist (Perform in)

Public performance licensing (Required to pay royalties for copyrighted music played at venue)

Front page

Live sound engineer

Definition:

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

• Live sound mix engineers meet with the band before the show to perform sound check, where they coordinate with the band about sound-oriented goals and concerns and make initial adjustments to volume, balance, and EQ. In the midst of the performance, live sound mix engineers continue to make adjustments on the fly, using their phenomenal ears, knowledge of mixing consoles, and quick thinking to ensure that both performers and audience members hear what they need to. (Berklee, 2020)

Recording Artist (Ensure sound meets performance needs)

Front page

Lighting technician

Definition:

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

• A music lighting technician rigs, programs, operates, and maintains lighting equipment for concerts and live events to enhance performances. They work with lighting designers to set up fixtures, cables, and consoles, manage special effects (strobes, lasers), and troubleshoot technical issues to ensure a seamless show. (Berklee, n.d.)

Front page

Roadie

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

Definition:

• Roadies set up and dismantle stage, instruments, sound and lighting equipment before and after live shows, festivals and events. (nationalcareers.service.gov.uk, n.d.)

Recording Artist (Ensure equipment is set up for performance)

Front page

Merchandising

Marketing and promotion (Work with to promote merch)

Definition:

Record label (work with to ensure merch aligns with labels goals)

• Music merchandising is the design, manufacture, and sale of branded products—such as apparel, posters, and vinyl—to promote musical artists and generate revenue. It serves as a vital income stream that reinforces brand identity, connecting fans to artists through physical or digital items sold at concerts, online stores, and via licensing agreements. (Anon, n.d.)

Other components of live music (ensure live shows are successful)

Consumer (Purchase merch)

Front page

References

• Dmitry Pastukhov (2019). How Does Music Publishing Work? Royalties, Copyrights & More. [online] Soundcharts. Available at: https://soundcharts.com/en/blog/how-the-music-publishing-works.

• Davis, M., Wunderlich, J., Evans, L., Merideth, R. and Davis, A. (2018). What is a Record Label? [online] Exploration. Available at: https://exploration.io/what-is-a-record-label/.

• London College of Contemporary Music | LCCM. (2025). How Important is Music Marketing in 2022 | LCCM. [online] Available at: https://www.lccm.org.uk/blog/how-important-is-music-marketing-in-2022/.

• Musicgateway.com. (2025). What Is Music Promotion | Music Gateway. [online] Available at: https://www.musicgateway.com/blog/music-promotion/what-is-music-promotion.

• UK Music. (2025). Accountant. [online] Available at: https://www.ukmusic.org/job-profiles/accountant/.

• robadmin (2023). What does a music lawyer do? | Music.co.uk. [online] Music.co.uk. Available at: https://music.co.uk/uncategorised/what-does-a-music-lawyer-do.html.

• Musosoup. (2025). A&R Explained: The Role of Artists and Repertoire in the Music Industry | Musosoup. [online] Available at: https://musosoup.com/blog/ar-meaning.

• musiciansunion.org.uk. (n.d.). Legal & Career Advice for Recording Artists | The MU. [online] Available at: https://musiciansunion.org.uk/working-performing/recording-and-broadcasting/working-as-a-recording-artist.

• Dmitry Pastukhov (2024). Artist Management 101: The Role of Music Talent Managers. [online] Soundcharts. Available at: https://soundcharts.com/en/blog/the-mechanics-of-management [Accessed 29 Jan. 2026].‌

• Berklee Online (2020). Music Production: What does a Music Producer do? [online] Berklee Online Take Note. Available at: https://online.berklee.edu/takenote/music-production-what-does-a-music-producer-do/.‌

• Radio Academy. (2021). Roles: Executive Producer - Radio Academy. [online] Available at: https://www.radioacademy.org/careers/roles/executive-producer/.‌‌

• ‌CareerExplorer (2017). What does a recording engineer do? [online] Careerexplorer.com. Available at: https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/recording-engineer/.

• ‌Rayden, M. (2022). What Is a Mixing Engineer Major Mixing. [online] Major Mixing. Available at: https://majormixing.com/what-is-a-mixing-engineer/.

• ‌UK Music. (n.d.). Mastering Engineer. [online] Available at: https://www.ukmusic.org/job-profiles/mastering-engineer/.

• ‌Glossop, M. (2013). The Recording Studio. [online] The Music Producers Guild. Available at: https://mpg.org.uk/knowledge-bank/the-recording-studio/.

• ‌Musicians Union (2023). Session Musician Advice. [online] musiciansunion.org.uk. Available at: https://musiciansunion.org.uk/working-performing/recording-and-broadcasting/working-as-a-recording-session-musician.

• ‌Amuse (n.d.). How Music Distribution Works: Everything Artists Need to Know. [online] amuse. Available at: https://www.amuse.io/en/content/how-music-distribution-works-everything-artists-need-to-know/.

• ‌The F-List Directory of UK Female & Gender Diverse Musicians. (2025). Physical - The F-List Directory of UK Female & Gender Diverse Musicians. [online] Available at: https://thef-listmusic.uk/music-career-toolkit/releasing-music/physical/ [Accessed 29 Jan. 2026].

• ‌help.songtrust.com. (n.d.). What Is a Digital Music Distributor? [online] Available at: https://help.songtrust.com/knowledge/what-is-a-digital-music-distributor.

• ‌Statista. (2025). Music Streaming - Worldwide | Statista Market Forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/outlook/amo/media/music-radio-podcasts/digital-music/music-streaming/worldwide?currency=usd.

• Pirate Studios. (2023). Music Distribution Explained. [online] Available at: https://pirate.com/en/blog/music-distribution-guide/.‌

• Computer Hope. (2024). What Is an Online Music Store? [online] Available at: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/online-music-store.htm.‌

• Law Insider (2025). Music/Video Stores Definition | Law Insider. [online] Law Insider. Available at: https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/music-video-stores [Accessed 29 Jan. 2026].‌

• Fiveable.me. (2025). Consumption of Music Definition - AP European History Key Term | Fiveable. [online] Available at: https://fiveable.me/key-terms/ap-euro/consumption-of-music [Accessed 29 Jan. 2026].‌

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