STRUCTURES
Nacho Torres Sancho 2ºF
Index
1.
NATURAL AND ARTIFICAL STRUCTURES.
2.
FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURES
3.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4.
ARCHED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES
5.
LAMINAR STRUCTURES
6.
FRAME AND INFLATABLE STRUCTURES
A structure is a set of elements arranged in a way appropriate for supporting the weight of a body and maintaining its shape, despite external forces that may act on it.
Artificial structures
Natural sturctures
Skyscrapers : structure very tall like Burj khalifa in Dubai (the tallest one has 848 metres).
Honeycomb: structure formed by hexagonal cells toostore larvae or honey
Nest: a structure constructed by birds breeding, and the shell of an egg.
Briedges: from the arch bridges used by the Romans to the actually ones. Like Danyang-Kunshan.
Skeleton: is a structure that allows them to move and gives them ther shape.
Cranes: used in construction to move loads since Ancient Romans.
FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURES
Structures are designed to be strong while using as little material as possible, making them economical and lightweight. Their main purposes are to give shape to objects, withstand forces while maintaining their form, protect people or components, raise or support items, create spaces like rooms or roofs, and connect spaces through elements such as bridges and viaduct. Gives shape to the object, withstand forces by mantaining the shape, protect, raise, create spaces, cross spaces.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
All structures are made of different structural elements that give them strength. To make them easier to study, structures are classified by their main structural element, even though many structures combine more than one type.
1.Mass structures.
- Mass structures are heavy, solid, and very strong constructions made from dense materials like stone or concrete. They rely on their weight to remain stable, such as walls, dams, and ancient pyramids.
2.Trabeated structures.
- Trabeated structures are built using vertical supports and horizontal beams called lintels. The lintel spans the space between supports, as seen in ancient monuments like Stonehenge and Greek or Egyptian temples.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4.TRUSSED STRUCTURES
3.ARCHED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES.
These structures are made of bars arranged in triangles, called trusses. They are lightweight but strong, and are used in constructions such as cranes and electricity pylons.
Arches and vaults are structures made of stone blocks that support themselves by their own weight. They are used to cover spaces between pillars or walls. The main difference is that an arch is straight, while a vault is an arch extended along a straight line.
6. Geodesic structures
7. Cable-stayed or suspension structures
5. Laminar structures
They were invented by architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in 1954. They have a dome shape and are made of triangles that form hexagons or pentagons, combining features of truss and vaulted structures.
These structures are made of thin sheets that provide protection and support. Examples include a car body, an aircraft fuselage, and the casing of a mobile phone.
They were invented by architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in 1954. They have a dome shape and are made of triangles that form hexagons or pentagons, combining features of truss and vaulted structures.
9.INFLATABLE STRUCTURES.
This are formed by canvases streched by compressed air. They have been developed in recent years and are used for pavilions and shelters. They are also used as emergency architecture for disasters. For an idea of what this structures are like, you can imagine a hot air balloon or apool float.
8.FRANE STRUCTURES.
This are formed by pillards and beams that are connected to each other and, along with the foudations, act as supporting elements. Example:the structure of a building. Pillars are vertical elements that support the beans and the rest of the structure.Beams are horizontal elements that support the weight of the floor and celings above. Acolumn is a cylindrical pillar and is usually visible.
A structural element common to all structures: foundations.
Foundations are elements of rein forced concrete that are set into the graund to spread the weight of the structure. As the figures shows, foundations have steel reinforcement.
Steel reinforcement.
Concrete pillar.
Foundations.
Thank you!
Any questions?
STRUCTURES
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Created on January 23, 2026
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Transcript
STRUCTURES
Nacho Torres Sancho 2ºF
Index
1.
NATURAL AND ARTIFICAL STRUCTURES.
2.
FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURES
3.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4.
ARCHED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES
5.
LAMINAR STRUCTURES
6.
FRAME AND INFLATABLE STRUCTURES
A structure is a set of elements arranged in a way appropriate for supporting the weight of a body and maintaining its shape, despite external forces that may act on it.
Artificial structures
Natural sturctures
Skyscrapers : structure very tall like Burj khalifa in Dubai (the tallest one has 848 metres).
Honeycomb: structure formed by hexagonal cells toostore larvae or honey
Nest: a structure constructed by birds breeding, and the shell of an egg.
Briedges: from the arch bridges used by the Romans to the actually ones. Like Danyang-Kunshan.
Skeleton: is a structure that allows them to move and gives them ther shape.
Cranes: used in construction to move loads since Ancient Romans.
FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURES
Structures are designed to be strong while using as little material as possible, making them economical and lightweight. Their main purposes are to give shape to objects, withstand forces while maintaining their form, protect people or components, raise or support items, create spaces like rooms or roofs, and connect spaces through elements such as bridges and viaduct. Gives shape to the object, withstand forces by mantaining the shape, protect, raise, create spaces, cross spaces.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
All structures are made of different structural elements that give them strength. To make them easier to study, structures are classified by their main structural element, even though many structures combine more than one type.
1.Mass structures.
2.Trabeated structures.
TYPES OF STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
4.TRUSSED STRUCTURES
3.ARCHED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES.
These structures are made of bars arranged in triangles, called trusses. They are lightweight but strong, and are used in constructions such as cranes and electricity pylons.
Arches and vaults are structures made of stone blocks that support themselves by their own weight. They are used to cover spaces between pillars or walls. The main difference is that an arch is straight, while a vault is an arch extended along a straight line.
6. Geodesic structures
7. Cable-stayed or suspension structures
5. Laminar structures
They were invented by architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in 1954. They have a dome shape and are made of triangles that form hexagons or pentagons, combining features of truss and vaulted structures.
These structures are made of thin sheets that provide protection and support. Examples include a car body, an aircraft fuselage, and the casing of a mobile phone.
They were invented by architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in 1954. They have a dome shape and are made of triangles that form hexagons or pentagons, combining features of truss and vaulted structures.
9.INFLATABLE STRUCTURES.
This are formed by canvases streched by compressed air. They have been developed in recent years and are used for pavilions and shelters. They are also used as emergency architecture for disasters. For an idea of what this structures are like, you can imagine a hot air balloon or apool float.
8.FRANE STRUCTURES.
This are formed by pillards and beams that are connected to each other and, along with the foudations, act as supporting elements. Example:the structure of a building. Pillars are vertical elements that support the beans and the rest of the structure.Beams are horizontal elements that support the weight of the floor and celings above. Acolumn is a cylindrical pillar and is usually visible.
A structural element common to all structures: foundations.
Foundations are elements of rein forced concrete that are set into the graund to spread the weight of the structure. As the figures shows, foundations have steel reinforcement.
Steel reinforcement.
Concrete pillar.
Foundations.
Thank you!
Any questions?