Want to create interactive content? It’s easy in Genially!

Get started free

SAM_UK_03_Reading Room

Improve International

Created on December 16, 2025

Start designing with a free template

Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:

Essential Map

Akihabara Map

Discover Your AI Assistant

Match the Verbs in Spanish: Present and Past

Syllabus Organizer for Higher Education

Mathematical Operations

Frayer Model

Transcript

In this module, we explore how clinicians approach vomiting cases, not just what they know. You will dive into the clinical reasoning behind patients presenting with vomiting, the common diagnostic pitfalls, and the importance of balancing intuitive judgment with structured, analytical decision making.

A Retrospective Evaluation of Confirmed and Suspected Poisonings in 166 Cats

Acid–base and Electrolyte Evaluation in Dogs With Upper GI Obstruction

Carina Markert

B. A. Lozano

A Randomized Crossover Study of Compounded Liquid Sildenafil for Treatment

Susan O. Mehain

Acute Vomiting in Cats: Rational Treatment Selection

Lauren Trepanier

Stanley L. Marks

Support for Rational Administration of Gastrointestinal Protectants to Dogs and Cats

In this module, we explore how clinicians approach vomiting cases, not just what they know. You will dive into the clinical reasoning behind patients presenting with vomiting, the common diagnostic pitfalls, and the importance of balancing intuitive judgment with structured, analytical decision making.

Canine Nonstructural Megaesophagus as a Clinical Sign of Potential Neurological Disease

Clinical Features and Outcome of Acquired Myasthenia Gravis in 94 Dogs

Sergio A. Gomes

Jennifer T. Forgash

Can We Predict Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs With Resting Hypocortisolemia?

Nuno Sousa

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Dogs With Attempted Medical Management

Alyssa J. Carrillo

Ajay Sharna

Comparison of Radiography and Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Small-Intestinal Mechanical

In this module, we explore how clinicians approach vomiting cases, not just what they know. You will dive into the clinical reasoning behind patients presenting with vomiting, the common diagnostic pitfalls, and the importance of balancing intuitive judgment with structured, analytical decision making.

Esophagitis in Cats and Dogs

Gastroduodenal Ulceration Detected Endoscopically in Cats: Retrospective Study of 61 Patients

Peter Hendrik Kook

Enrico Bottero

Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Hypoadrenocorticism

Susanna Spence

Management of Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease) in Dogs

Patty Lathan

Desmond K. Tan

Prospective Evaluation of an Indwelling Esophageal Balloon Dilatation Feeding Tube

In this module, we explore how clinicians approach vomiting cases, not just what they know. You will dive into the clinical reasoning behind patients presenting with vomiting, the common diagnostic pitfalls, and the importance of balancing intuitive judgment with structured, analytical decision making.

Sildenafil Improves Clinical Signs and Radiographic Features in Dogs

Ultrasonographic Findings of Most Common Surgical Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract

S. Bertini

Mohamed Gomaa

Serial Abdominal Radiographs do not Significantly Increase Accuracy of Diagnosis

Emily B. Elser

Utility of Diagnostic Tests in Vomiting Dogs Presented to an Internal Medicine Emergency Service

Bettina Holzmann

S.K. Dixit

Vomiting in Dogs - A Review

Ultrasonographic Findings of Most Common

Surgical Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract

Mohamed Gomaa, Martin Kramer

IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SURGERY

Mohamed Gomaa

Ultrasonographic Findings of Most Common Surgical Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract

Synopsis

Abdominal ultrasonography provides us valuable information that lead to a definitive diagnosis or to narrow the list of differential diagnosis obtained with other diagnostic techniques.

Publication date:

2012

Pages:

16

Listen

Read

Gastroduodenal Ulceration Detected

Endoscopically in Cats: Retrospective Study

Enrico Bottero, Alessio Pierini

IFMS

Enrico Bottero

Gastroduodenal Ulceration Detected Endoscopically in Cats: Retrospective Study of 61 Patients

Synopsis

Gastroduodenal ulcers (GDUs) are rarely found in cats. They may be caused by multiple factors that compromise the normal physiological defence mechanism of the gastroduodenal mucosa exposing the submucosa or deeper layers of the gastric and duodenal wall to gastric acid.

Publication date:

2022

Pages:

06

Listen

Read

Esophagitis in Cats and Dogs

Peter Hendrik Kook

Vet Clin Small Anim

Peter Hendrik Kook

Synopsis

Esophagitis in Cats and Dogs

Esophagitis denotes a localized or diffuse inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. It is generally thought to result from a caustic or chemical (ie, gastric acid, bile acids) injury. In humans, the most frequent mechanism causing esophagitis is gastroesophageal reflux (GER) leading to GER disease (GERD).

Publication date:

2021

Pages:

15

Listen

Read

Management of Hypoadrenocorticism

(Addison’s Disease) in Dogs

Patty Lathan

Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports

Patty Lathan

Management of Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s Disease) in Dogs

Synopsis

Hypoadrenocorticism (HOAC; Addison’s disease) is an endocrine condition seen in small animal practice. Dogs with this disease can present in a variety of ways from acute hypovolemic collapse to vague, chronic, waxing, and waning clinical signs. In the most com-mon form of this disease, animals have both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid deficiency, resulting in hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, and signs of cortisol deficiency.

Publication date:

2018

Pages:

10

Listen

Read

Support for Rational Administration of

Gastrointestinal Protectants to Dogs and Cats

Stanley L. Marks

Stanley L. Marks

ACVIM

Support for Rational Administration of Gastrointestinal Protectants to Dogs and Cats

Synopsis

Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process.

Publication date:

01/08/2018

Pages:

18

Listen

Read

Prospective Evaluation of an Indwelling

Esophageal BalloonDilatation Feeding Tube

Desmond K. Tan

Desmond K. Tan

ACVIM

Prospective Evaluation of an Indwelling Esophageal Balloon Dilatation Feeding Tube

Synopsis

Esophageal strictures most commonly are a result of esophagitis after gastroesophageal reflux during an anesthetic event. These strictures usually result from scar tissue formation after circumferential mucosal ulceration and erosion, resulting in subsequent luminal compromise.

Publication date:

09/2017

Pages:

08

Listen

Read

Sildenafil Improves Clinical Signs

S. Bertini

Veterinary Record

S. Bertini

Synopsis

Sildenafil Improves Clinical Signs and Radiographic Features in Dogs

We evaluated the efficacy of oral sildenafil citrate in dogs with congenital idiopathic megaoesophagus (CIM). Twenty-one puppies were randomly assigned to two groups (treatment and control).

Publication date:

2017

Pages:

06

Listen

Read

Serial Abdominal Radiographs do not

Significantly IncreaseAccuracy of Diagnosis

Emily B. Elser

Wiley

Emily B. Elser

Serial Abdominal Radiographs do not Significantly Increase Accuracy of Diagnosis

Synopsis

Abdominal radiographs are commonly used in dogs and cats that present with gastrointestinal signs. When initial abdominal radiographs are equivocal for the presence or absence of gastrointestinal mechanical obstruction, follow-up abdominal radiographs may be recommended.

Publication date:

2020

Pages:

09

Listen

Read

Utility of Diagnostic Tests in Vomiting Dogs

Presented to an Internal Medicine Emergency

Bettina Holzmann

Frontiers

Bettina Holzmann

Utility of Diagnostic Tests in Vomiting Dogs Presented to an Internal Medicine Emergency Service

Synopsis

Vomiting is a common sign in dogs presenting to emergency services. It can be self-limiting, a sign of a life-threatening extraintestinal, or intestinal disorder. Reasonable diagnostics should be performed to determine the underlying cause. This study aimed to assess the utility of diagnostic tests in vomiting dogs, and its correlation with patient history, and physical examination results.

Publication date:

02/2023

Pages:

10

Listen

Read

A Retrospective Evaluation of Confirmed and

Suspected Poisonings in166 Cats

Carina Markert, Romy Monika Heilmann

Veterinary World

Carina Markert

A Retrospective Evaluation of Confirmed and Suspected Poisonings in 166 Cats

Synopsis

Poisonings commonly bring cats and dogs to veterinary emergency facilities. This retrospective study aimed to analyze clinical signs, confirmed or suspected toxicants, treatments, and outcomes of feline poisoning cases presented over 5 years to the emergency service of a small animal referral center.

Publication date:

09/2023

Pages:

11

Listen

Read

Can We Predict Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs

With Resting Hypocortisolemia?

Nuno Sousa, Tiago Dias, Antonio Maria

Frontiers

Nuno Sousa

Can We Predict Hypoadrenocorticism in Dogs With Resting Hypocortisolemia?

Synopsis

A resting cortisol concentration (RC) higher than 2.0 μg/dL (55 nmol/L) is commonly used to rule out hypoadrenocorticism (HA). However, there is a significant overlap of RC between dogs with HA and those with other diseases. There is a need for data to help increase the suspicion of HA.

Publication date:

12/2023

Pages:

09

Listen

Read

Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine

Hypoadrenocorticism

Susanna Spence, Eilidh Gunn, Ian Ramsey

Companion Animals

Susanna Spence

Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Hypoadrenocorticism

Synopsis

Canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease), the ‘great pretender’ of internal medicine, is a disease that should be frequently considered as a differential diagnosis of several clinical presentations, albeit it is less commonly the actual cause of the clinical signs.

Publication date:

08/2018

Pages:

08

Listen

Read

Comparison of Radiography and Ultrasonography

for Diagnosing Small-Intestinal Mechanical

Ajay Sharna

Ajay Sharna

SI MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION

Comparison of Radiography and Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Small-Intestinal Mechanical

Synopsis

MECHANICAL SMALL-INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION is a common cause of acute vomiting in dogs. Determining whether vomiting is due to bowel obstruction expediently with a high level of confidence is required to provide appropriate therapy.

Publication date:

10/2009

Pages:

08

Listen

Read

Canine Nonstructural Megaesophagus as a

Clinical Sign of Potential Neurological Disease

Sergio A. Gomes

RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES

Sergio A. Gomes

Canine Nonstructural Megaesophagus as a Clinical Sign of Potential Neurological Disease

Synopsis

Knowledge regarding the etiology and prognosis for canine megaesophagus (ME) is currently limited to small case series that may now be out of date in light of recent advances in the understanding of neurological syndromes and the availability of advanced diagnostic testing. Ninety-nine dogs diagnosed with nonstructural ME were included. Congenital idiopathic ME was present in 10 cases, with complete resolution of clinical signs in a single case.

Publication date:

2020

Pages:

10

Listen

Read

Acute Vomiting in Cats: Rational Treatment

Selection

Lauren Trepanier

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Lauren Trepanier

Acute Vomiting in Cats: Rational Treatment Selection

Synopsis

This clinical review outlines a rational pharmacological approach to managing acute vomiting in cats, emphasising that feline physiology requires specific drug selection distinct from canine protocols. The author highlights that metoclopramide is a poor central antiemetic in cats due to the species' lack of dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone; however, it remains useful as a prokinetic.

Publication date:

2010

Pages:

06

Listen

Read

A Randomized Crossover Study of

Compounded Liquid Sildenafil for Treatment

Susan O. Mehain, Jillian M. Haines

AVMA

Susan O. Mehain

A Randomized Crossover Study of Compounded Liquid Sildenafil for Treatment

Synopsis

To determine whether delivery of compounded liquid sildenafil directly to the stomach of dogs with megaesophagus (ME) would affect esophageal clearance, regurgitation frequency, body weight, or quality of life.

Publication date:

04/2022

Pages:

06

Listen

Read

Clinical Features and Outcome of Acquired

Myasthenia Gravis in 94 Dogs

Jennifer T. Forgash

ACVIM

Jennifer T. Forgash

Clinical Features and Outcome of Acquired Myasthenia Gravis in 94 Dogs

Synopsis

Cases were retrospectively evaluated and data were collected to determine clinical signs, treatment, and response to therapy defined by means of a clinical scoring rubric. Immunological remission was defined as a return of the AChR Ab concentration to <0.6 nmol/L. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify clinical criteria predicting remission.

Publication date:

12/07/2021

Pages:

12

Listen

Read

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Dogs With

Attempted Medical Management

Alyssa J. Carrillo

AVMA

Alyssa J. Carrillo

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Dogs With Attempted Medical Management

Synopsis

Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination, bloodwork, diagnostic imaging, foreign body type, location, treatments, and outcome. Success was defined as the passage of the foreign body through the colon, while failure was defined as requiring surgery, endoscopy, or euthanasia.

Publication date:

25/01/2024

Pages:

08

Listen

Read

Vomiting in Dogs - A Review

S.K. Dixit, Pankaj Kumar Patel, Supriya Yadav

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

S.K. Dixit

Synopsis

Vomiting in Dogs - A Review

Emesis or vomiting is most common clinical condition reported in dogs. It is an acid-related gastric disorder due to structural or functional defect in mucosa of stomach pertaining to innumerable grounds. Vomiting is a cardinal sign of inflammation of gastric mucosa.

Publication date:

2022

Pages:

06

Listen

Read

Acid–base and Electrolyte Evaluation in Dogs

With Upper GI Obstruction

B. A. Lozano

Texas A&M University

B. A. Lozano

Acid–base and Electrolyte Evaluation in Dogs With Upper GI Obstruction

Synopsis

Metabolic alkalosis, although uncommon in small animals, has been previously associated with gastrointestinal obstructions. Depending on the population and disease process evaluated, previous prevalence of metabolic alkalosis is reported as ranging from 2% to 45% in canine patients.

Publication date:

10/08/2023

Pages:

08

Listen

Read