Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498
GAMEY Project: Gamified Approach to Money Education for Youth
MODULE 9: Investing
Let's go!
Agenda
- Introduction to Investing
- Investment Basics
- Deep Dive – Investment Types
- Build Your Strategy
- Build Your Strategy
- Tools & Platforms
- Review & Take Action
Continue
What Is Investing?
Continue
Module's Goal
This module aims to equip young people across the EU (ages 14–29) with the foundational knowledge, confidence, and critical thinking skills needed to make informed investment decisions. By exploring key concepts like risk, diversification, compounding, and ethical investing—through the relatable journey of Rob—learners will:- Understand what investing is and why it matters
- Recognize common myths and mistakes
- Explore different types of investment options
- Learn how to start investing safely and legally in the EU
- Experience decision-making in a gamified, low-stakes environment
- Feel empowered to take the first steps toward long-term financial growth
Continue
What will you learn?
By the end of this module, you will be able to: ✅ Understand what investing is—and what it isn’t ✅ Compare different types of investments (stocks, bonds, crypto, real estate, etc.) ✅ Evaluate the relationship between risk and return ✅ See how time and compounding grow your money ✅ Build a basic, diversified investment portfolio ✅ Recognize common mistakes and how to avoid them ✅ Know how to start investing legally and safely in the EU ✅ Explore ethical and sustainable investing choices ✅ Make informed decisions in a simulated investing challenge
Continue
So it's not just gambling with money?
WHAT IS INVESTING
Continue
Rob is gowing! : Ready to Grow His Money as well!
Rob just received a €1,000 gift from his grandparents. Instead of spending it all, he wants to make it grow. But how? Savings account? Stocks? Crypto?
Continue
Myths About Investing
Investing is only for rich people
Investing is just like gambling
You need to be a finance expert
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Continue
Investment Basics
Continue
Types of Investments
Stocks
Bonds
ETFs / Mutual Funds
Real Estate
Cryptocurrency
Click each card to compare types of investments!
Definition: Ownership shares in a company. When you buy stock, you own part of that business.Example: Apple (USA), OPAP (Greece), Airbus (EU) Risk Level: 🔴 High – Can offer big gains, but prices fluctuate a lot.
Definition: Loans you give to governments or companies. You get paid back with interest.Example: Greek Government Bonds, EU Green Bonds Risk Level: 🟡 Low to Medium – Generally safer, but returns are lower.
Definition: Collections of many investments in one product. They reduce risk by spreading it.Example: MSCI Europe ETF, Piraeus Mutual Fund Risk Level: 🟡 Medium – Diversified, but still tied to market performance.
Definition: Buying property to rent or sell later at a higher price.Example: Apartment in Thessaloniki or EU Real Estate Funds Risk Level: 🟠 Medium to High – Stable, but needs more money and isn’t easy to sell fast.
Definition: Digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, not tied to banks or governments.Example: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) Risk Level: 🔴 Very High – Volatile and risky, but potential for large returns.
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Risk vs. Return
Risk vs. Return: What’s the Trade-Off
The higher the potential return, the higher the risk. Smart investors balance both based on their goals and comfort level
🔵 Low Risk
🔴 High Risk
🟡 Medium Risk
Continue
Compounding Power "Why Starting Early Matters"
Rob starts at 18, Friend at 28, compare growth.
Continue
Both invest until age 60, with an average annual return of 7%.
"Time really is money. I'm glad I started now!"
📊 Comparison: Rob (starts at 18): Invests for 42 years → Ends up with ~€140,000 Alex (starts at 28): Invests for 32 years → Ends up with ~€70,000
💬 Key Message: “Starting just 10 years earlier more than doubles the outcome. That’s the magic of compounding!”
Continue
Diversification "Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Basket"
My money feels more secure now that I’m not putting it all in one place!
📊 Simulated Allocation Outcome: ETFs: 35% Bonds: 25% Real Estate: 25% Crypto: 15%
🧩 Investment Options: ETFs – “Includes stocks and bonds from many companies. Moderate risk.” Bonds – “Steady and safer—pays interest over time.” Real Estate – “Tangible property, long-term value.” Crypto – “High risk, high reward—best in small amounts.”
Rob has learned that putting all his money in one investment can be risky. Help him build a diversified portfolio by mixing different asset types!
Continue
Rob’s First Mistake – What Would You Do?
Help Rob make a decision. Choose one of the options below to guide him through this situation
🧠 Rob has just invested €1,000 into a diversified portfolio. A week later, the market suddenly drops 10–15%. Rob is nervous and unsure what to do.
Continue
How to Start Investing "5 Steps to Start Investing in the EU"
Option 2: Hold and Wait: Rob decides to wait. He knows markets fluctuate. A few months later, his portfolio recovers and even grows beyond his initial investment. 😐
Option 3: Buy More While Prices Are Low: Rob adds another €200 to his investments during the dip. When markets recover, he gains more value per euro invested. Smart move—he stayed cool and took advantage of lower prices!" 💪
Option 1: Sell Everything Now Rob sells his investments out of fear. He locks in a loss and ends up with €850. Panic-selling turns temporary dips into permanent losses 😰
Continue
Emotions can cloud judgment during downturns. The best investors stick to their strategy and stay calm—even when the market isn’t.
Continue
Ethical & Reflective Investing
Continue
Ethical Investing (ESG)
"Investing isn’t just about money — it can also reflect your values. ESG investing means choosing companies that care about:" 🌱 Environment – Sustainability, green energy, carbon footprint 💼 Social Responsibility – Fair labor, diversity, community impact 🏛️ Governance – Ethical leadership, anti-corruption, transparency
Definition: Investing in clean and renewable energy sources like solar, wind, or EVs. Example: EU-based solar startup or an ETF like iShares Global Clean Energy. Impact: Reduces carbon emissions and supports climate goals. Rob’s Reaction: 🌞 "I’d love my money to fight climate change!"
Definition: Companies that protect workers' rights, promote fair wages, and support safe working conditions. Example: ESG funds that avoid fast fashion or invest in inclusive tech firms. Impact: Encourages respect, equity, and well-being.
Definition: Companies that are transparent, follow rules, and have diverse leadership. Example: A tech company with independent oversight and no corruption scandals. Impact: Reduces risk and increases long-term trust. Rob’s Reaction: 🧠 "Smart leadership means better decisions and safer investing."
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🌱 Green Energy
Title
💼 Fair Labor
Title
🏛️ Good Governance
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Your Values, Your Money
"Now that you've learned about ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) investing, take a moment to reflect. If you could invest in just one cause — which would it be, and why?"
Continue
Deep Dive – Investment Types
Continue
Stocks
What Are Stocks?
"Stocks represent ownership in a company. When you buy a stock, you’re buying a small piece of that business. If the company grows and becomes more valuable, so can your investment."
Wait… so I can own a part of a company like Apple or Spotify with just €20
Benefits: High return potential Easy to buy/sell Some pay dividends Risks: Stock prices are volatile You could lose money if the company does poorly Emotion-driven decisions can hurt your returns
A stock (or share) gives you partial ownership in a company. If the company performs well, the stock value can increase. Many companies also pay dividends — sharing profits with shareholders. Example: Buying 10 shares of OPAP means you own a small part of the company.
Apple (AAPL) – Tech giant, listed in the US OPAP – Greek lottery and gaming company Airbus – European aerospace leader Spotify – Streaming service listed on the NYSE Tip: You don’t need thousands of euros — you can buy fractional shares on many EU platforms!
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Title
What’s the Catch?
Title
What Are Stocks
Title
Famous Stocks You Might Know
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Bonds
What Are Bonds?
"Bonds are like loans you give to a government or company. In return, they promise to pay you back with interest over time. Bonds are generally seen as lower-risk investments compared to stocks."
So I’m the one lending money to a government or company? Cool!
Greek Government Bonds – Issued by the state to fund national expenses EU Green Bonds – Support environmental projects across Europe Corporate Bonds – From big companies like Siemens or IKEA Fun Fact: Governments are usually safer to lend to than companies — which is why their bonds often have lower interest.
When you buy a bond, you're lending money to a government, city, or company. In return, you receive interest payments (called a "coupon") at regular intervals. At the end of the term (called "maturity"), you get back your original investment. Example: Buy a 5-year bond for €1,000 at 3% interest — you earn €30 per year.
Benefits: Stable and predictable returns Often less volatile than stocks Good for conservative investors Risks: Lower returns compared to stocks Inflation can reduce real value In rare cases, issuers can default (fail to pay you back)
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Title
How Do Bonds Work
Title
Why (and Why Not) Invest in Bonds?
Title
Bonds You Might Know
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ETFs & Mutual Funds
What Are ETFs?
"ETFs and mutual funds let you invest in many companies at once. Instead of picking individual stocks or bonds, these funds bundle them together so your money is automatically diversified."
"Wait… I can invest in 100 companies at the same time with just one fund? That sounds smart!"
MSCI Europe ETF – Tracks performance of major European companies Piraeus Mutual Fund – A Greek-based mutual fund iShares Core MSCI World ETF – Offers global exposure Bonus Tip: Many beginners start with index ETFs because they’re simple and low-cost.
ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) and Mutual Funds are collections of many investments (like stocks or bonds). You invest in the entire basket — so one purchase spreads your money across many companies. ETFs trade on stock exchanges (like regular stocks), while mutual funds are bought through fund providers.
Benefits: Instant diversification Lower risk than buying single stocks Often low-cost (especially ETFs) Risks: Market downturns still affect the whole fund Some mutual funds charge high fees You don’t control each asset individually
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Title
What Are ETFs & Mutual Funds?
Title
Why Use Funds Instead of Picking Stocks?
Title
Common Funds in the EU
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Real Estate
What Is Real Estate Investing
"Real estate investing means buying property—like a home, apartment, or land—with the goal of making money from rent or resale. It’s one of the most traditional ways to invest."
Owning a place and earning rent? That sounds like a grown-up move!
Benefits: Tangible asset — you can see and manage it Can generate rental income Often considered a “safe” long-term choice Risks: Requires a large upfront cost Property prices can drop Managing tenants and repairs takes time Low liquidity — not easy to sell quickly
Buying an apartment in Thessaloniki and renting it to students Buying land near a growing EU suburb Investing in a REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) listed on a stock exchange Tip: In many EU countries, families see real estate as a “safe” or traditional investment.
Buying property to make a profit — either by renting it out or selling it later at a higher price. You can invest directly (own a house/apartment) or indirectly (real estate funds or REITs).
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Title
What Does It Mean to Invest in Real Estate
Title
Why Invest in Property (And What to Watch Out For)
Title
Real Estate Examples
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Cryptocurrency
What Is Cryptocurrency?
"Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum are digital assets that live on the blockchain. They offer the chance for high returns—but come with high risks and volatility."
"It looks exciting, but is crypto real money—or just a trend?"
Benefits: Big potential returns Easy to access via mobile apps Appeals to tech-savvy investors Risks: Highly volatile — prices can swing 20% in a day Poor regulation = more scams and hacks Not protected like banks or traditional markets
Bitcoin (BTC): The original and most famous crypto Ethereum (ETH): Known for smart contracts and apps Solana (SOL): A newer coin with fast transactions Note: You can buy small amounts — like €10 worth — on apps like eToro, Binance, or Revolut.
A cryptocurrency is a digital form of money that uses blockchain technology. It's decentralized, meaning no government or bank controls it. People buy crypto hoping its value will rise — similar to stocks, but often more volatile.
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What Is Crypto, Really?
Title
Pros & Cons
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Popular Cryptos
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Build Your Strategy
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What Kind of Investor Are You?
"Every investor is different. Your risk profile helps you choose the right investments. Help Rob find out his by answering a few quick questions!"
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What Kind of Investor Are You?
Show My Investor Type
Info
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Help Rob Build His Investment Portfolio!
Rob has €1,000 to invest and a medium risk tolerance. Based on what you’ve learned, see him creating a diversified portfolio that balances safety and growth.
"Feels like I’ve got a little bit of everything. I’m not just betting on one horse!"
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Uh-oh! The Market Just Crashed!
Two months after Rob builds his portfolio, the market suddenly drops 15%. Rob sees his balance go down from €1,000 to €850 and panics
Rob sells all his investments at a €150 loss. He locks in the loss and misses the chance to recover.
Rob holds his portfolio and waits it out. After 6 months, markets recover, and his balance returns to €1,050.
Rob adds €100 during the dip and buys more shares at low prices. When the market recovers, his portfolio jumps to €1,200.
Continue
Emotional Investing vs. Long-Term Thinking
"Markets go up, down, and sideways — it’s totally normal.But reacting emotionally to every drop can lead to poor decisions. The most successful investors stick to their plan and focus on the long term."
I realized the worst mistake wasn’t the market crash — it was how I reacted to it!
📉 Don’t Panic Just because the market dips doesn’t mean you’ve failed. It’s part of the process. Selling too soon locks in losses. 🧘 Zoom Out Look at your investment over years, not days. Short-term losses can turn into long-term gains. 📅 Stick to the Plan Set your goal, build your strategy, and trust the process. Review occasionally — don’t obsess daily.
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Tools & Platforms
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Which Platform Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
🟦 1. DEGIRO ✅ Low fees, ideal for ETFs ✅ Regulated in the EU ❌ Desktop-focused, not mobile-friendly
🟨 2. BUX Zero ✅ Commission-free for some trades ✅ App-based, beginner-friendly ❌ Limited research tools
🟥 3. eToro ✅ Social investing features ✅ Includes crypto, stocks, ETFs ❌ High spreads/fees on some assets
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Which Platform Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
🟧 4. Revolut ✅ Fractional shares ✅ Very user-friendly interface ❌ Limited asset selection
So many choices! I think I’ll start with a simple app that offers ETFs and low fees.
🟩 5. NAGA ✅ Regulated in EU ✅ Supports both crypto and traditional assets ❌ More complex interface
Continue
Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
"Before investing your first euro, make sure you’ve covered the essentials.
Here’s Rob’s personal checklist to stay safe, smart, and successful."
🎯 Set your investment goalsShort-term, long-term, or both? Know your "why." ⚖️ Know your risk profile Are you conservative, balanced, or adventurous? 💼 Choose an EU-regulated platform Check for low fees, good reviews, and regulation.
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
📊 Start with diversified investments Spread your money — don’t put it all in one place. 🧾 Understand taxes and fees Review platform costs and local tax rules. 📆 Track your progress (but not every day!) Set a reminder to review monthly or quarterly. 🧘 Stay calm during ups and downs Don’t let emotions control your decisions.
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Understanding Fees & Taxes
Even a great investment can lose value if you're not aware of the fees and taxes that apply. Rob learned the hard way — now you won’t have to.
Fund Management Fees
Platform Fees
Capital Gains Tax
Dividends Tax
Tax Reporting
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ESG Case Studies – Choose Your Values
"Some investors choose companies that match their values — this is called ESG investing (Environmental, Social, Governance). Help Rob explore real-life examples of how money can drive positive change."
Click a card to explore a cause-based investment example!
Green Energy
Good Governance
Fair Labor Practices
Investing in SolarPower Europe ETFFocuses on EU solar companies and climate solutions Includes startups like Enphase, Vestas, and SMA Solar Lower carbon footprint & supports EU Green Deal
Funds that prioritize workers’ rights and pay equityIncludes companies with verified labor standards Examples: Patagonia, Unilever, IKEA (via ethical funds) Avoids companies with history of labor abuse
Investing in EU Transparency FundFocuses on companies with strong anti-corruption policies Board diversity, ethical audits, no political bribery Example holdings: SAP, Schneider Electric, Nestlé
Title
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Subtitle
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ESG Case Studies – Choose Your Values
I didn’t realize investing could actually reflect my values
ESG investing doesn’t mean lower returns — it often means smarter, more sustainable growth.
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Review & Take Action
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
You’ve followed Rob’s journey and learned how to make smart investing decisions.
Now let’s test your knowledge! Answer the quiz below and see your Investor Level.
Continue
Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
You’ve followed Rob’s journey and learned how to make smart investing decisions.
Now let’s test your knowledge! Answer the quiz below and see your Investor Level.
You’ve come a long way — and your money will too! It wa GREAT learning with you! Thank you so much for this journey!
Continue
Resources
- European Commission. (2021). Digital labour platforms in the EU: Mapping and business models. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/640014
- European Commission. (2022). Youth financial inclusion and employment data. European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion.
- European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). (n.d.). Investor warnings on peer-to-peer lending platforms. https://www.esma.europa.eu
- European Central Bank (ECB). (2021). Financial investment guide for EU citizens. ECB Publications.
- Flynn, P. (n.d.). Smart passive income. https://www.smartpassiveincome.com
- International Labour Organization (ILO). (2022). The rise of the platform economy: Work, workers, and regulation. ILO Publishing.
- Investopedia. (n.d.). What are fixed-income investments?. https://www.investopedia.com
- Kiyosaki, R. T. (2000). Rich dad poor dad: What the rich teach their kids about money that the poor and middle class do not! Warner Books.
- OECD. (2020). Financial literacy and the need for supplementary income: Global insights and recommendations. OECD Publishing.
- Rosenblat, A. (2018). Uberland: How algorithms are rewriting the rules of work. University of California Press.
- YouTube Creators Academy. (n.d.). Learn to grow a YouTube channel. https://creatoracademy.youtube.com
- EU Intellectual Property Helpdesk. (n.d.). Protecting your digital content. https://intellectual-property-helpdesk.ec.europa.eu
Continue
Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498
Thank you!
Start
"Most platforms charge small fees for buying/selling, or currency conversion." Example: Buy ETF for €1,000 with 0.5% fee = €5 deducted. 💬 Rob: “Wait, I didn’t know just buying could cost me!”
MORE "A" ANSWERS: "🟩 Result: Conservative Rob You prefer safety and predictability. You’d rather grow your money slowly with low-risk options like bonds or ETFs. Perfect for cautious investors!"
MORE "B" ANSWERS:🟨 Result: Balanced Rob You can handle some ups and downs. You want growth, but not extreme risk. A mix of stocks, real estate, and ETFs suits you best.
MORE "C" ANSWERS: "🟥 Result: Adventurous Rob You like taking chances for big gains. Volatility doesn’t scare you. Stocks and crypto are your playground — but be careful!"
"If your investments go up in value, most EU countries tax your profits." Example: Buy at €500, sell at €700 → gain €200 If taxed at 15%, you pay €30. 💬 Rob: “So profits aren’t always mine to keep.”
🔴 High Risk
Example: Crypto or single tech stocks Return Potential: Very high—but very unpredictable Rob's Thought: "Big gains or big losses. Not for the faint-hearted!"
🟡 Medium Risk
Example: ETFs or Real Estate Return Potential: Moderate, more stable over time Rob's Thought: "A good balance between risk and reward."
"Every country has its own system — know yours!" Example (Greece): Use E1 or E3 forms to report capital gains. 💬 Rob: “Glad I checked before tax season!”
"Companies may share profits with you as dividends. These are often taxed too." Example: Earn €100 in dividends, pay €10–€25 depending on country. 💬 Rob: “Even income from stocks gets taxed?!”
🔵 Low Risk
Example: Government Bonds, Savings Accounts Return: Low, but steady Rob’s Thought: “I feel safer knowing my money is growing slowly and securely.”
"ETFs and mutual funds often charge annual management fees." Example: Mutual fund fee = 1.5%, ETF fee = 0.2%. Over 10 years, this adds up! 💬 Rob: “Lower fees = more money for me!”
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Transcript
Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498
GAMEY Project: Gamified Approach to Money Education for Youth
MODULE 9: Investing
Let's go!
Agenda
Continue
What Is Investing?
Continue
Module's Goal
This module aims to equip young people across the EU (ages 14–29) with the foundational knowledge, confidence, and critical thinking skills needed to make informed investment decisions. By exploring key concepts like risk, diversification, compounding, and ethical investing—through the relatable journey of Rob—learners will:- Understand what investing is and why it matters
- Recognize common myths and mistakes
- Explore different types of investment options
- Learn how to start investing safely and legally in the EU
- Experience decision-making in a gamified, low-stakes environment
- Feel empowered to take the first steps toward long-term financial growth
Continue
What will you learn?
By the end of this module, you will be able to: ✅ Understand what investing is—and what it isn’t ✅ Compare different types of investments (stocks, bonds, crypto, real estate, etc.) ✅ Evaluate the relationship between risk and return ✅ See how time and compounding grow your money ✅ Build a basic, diversified investment portfolio ✅ Recognize common mistakes and how to avoid them ✅ Know how to start investing legally and safely in the EU ✅ Explore ethical and sustainable investing choices ✅ Make informed decisions in a simulated investing challenge
Continue
So it's not just gambling with money?
WHAT IS INVESTING
Continue
Rob is gowing! : Ready to Grow His Money as well!
Rob just received a €1,000 gift from his grandparents. Instead of spending it all, he wants to make it grow. But how? Savings account? Stocks? Crypto?
Continue
Myths About Investing
Investing is only for rich people
Investing is just like gambling
You need to be a finance expert
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
Continue
Investment Basics
Continue
Types of Investments
Stocks
Bonds
ETFs / Mutual Funds
Real Estate
Cryptocurrency
Click each card to compare types of investments!
Definition: Ownership shares in a company. When you buy stock, you own part of that business.Example: Apple (USA), OPAP (Greece), Airbus (EU) Risk Level: 🔴 High – Can offer big gains, but prices fluctuate a lot.
Definition: Loans you give to governments or companies. You get paid back with interest.Example: Greek Government Bonds, EU Green Bonds Risk Level: 🟡 Low to Medium – Generally safer, but returns are lower.
Definition: Collections of many investments in one product. They reduce risk by spreading it.Example: MSCI Europe ETF, Piraeus Mutual Fund Risk Level: 🟡 Medium – Diversified, but still tied to market performance.
Definition: Buying property to rent or sell later at a higher price.Example: Apartment in Thessaloniki or EU Real Estate Funds Risk Level: 🟠 Medium to High – Stable, but needs more money and isn’t easy to sell fast.
Definition: Digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, not tied to banks or governments.Example: Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) Risk Level: 🔴 Very High – Volatile and risky, but potential for large returns.
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Risk vs. Return
Risk vs. Return: What’s the Trade-Off
The higher the potential return, the higher the risk. Smart investors balance both based on their goals and comfort level
🔵 Low Risk
🔴 High Risk
🟡 Medium Risk
Continue
Compounding Power "Why Starting Early Matters"
Rob starts at 18, Friend at 28, compare growth.
Continue
Both invest until age 60, with an average annual return of 7%.
"Time really is money. I'm glad I started now!"
📊 Comparison: Rob (starts at 18): Invests for 42 years → Ends up with ~€140,000 Alex (starts at 28): Invests for 32 years → Ends up with ~€70,000
💬 Key Message: “Starting just 10 years earlier more than doubles the outcome. That’s the magic of compounding!”
Continue
Diversification "Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Basket"
My money feels more secure now that I’m not putting it all in one place!
📊 Simulated Allocation Outcome: ETFs: 35% Bonds: 25% Real Estate: 25% Crypto: 15%
🧩 Investment Options: ETFs – “Includes stocks and bonds from many companies. Moderate risk.” Bonds – “Steady and safer—pays interest over time.” Real Estate – “Tangible property, long-term value.” Crypto – “High risk, high reward—best in small amounts.”
Rob has learned that putting all his money in one investment can be risky. Help him build a diversified portfolio by mixing different asset types!
Continue
Rob’s First Mistake – What Would You Do?
Help Rob make a decision. Choose one of the options below to guide him through this situation
🧠 Rob has just invested €1,000 into a diversified portfolio. A week later, the market suddenly drops 10–15%. Rob is nervous and unsure what to do.
Continue
How to Start Investing "5 Steps to Start Investing in the EU"
Option 2: Hold and Wait: Rob decides to wait. He knows markets fluctuate. A few months later, his portfolio recovers and even grows beyond his initial investment. 😐
Option 3: Buy More While Prices Are Low: Rob adds another €200 to his investments during the dip. When markets recover, he gains more value per euro invested. Smart move—he stayed cool and took advantage of lower prices!" 💪
Option 1: Sell Everything Now Rob sells his investments out of fear. He locks in a loss and ends up with €850. Panic-selling turns temporary dips into permanent losses 😰
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Emotions can cloud judgment during downturns. The best investors stick to their strategy and stay calm—even when the market isn’t.
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Ethical & Reflective Investing
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Ethical Investing (ESG)
"Investing isn’t just about money — it can also reflect your values. ESG investing means choosing companies that care about:" 🌱 Environment – Sustainability, green energy, carbon footprint 💼 Social Responsibility – Fair labor, diversity, community impact 🏛️ Governance – Ethical leadership, anti-corruption, transparency
Definition: Investing in clean and renewable energy sources like solar, wind, or EVs. Example: EU-based solar startup or an ETF like iShares Global Clean Energy. Impact: Reduces carbon emissions and supports climate goals. Rob’s Reaction: 🌞 "I’d love my money to fight climate change!"
Definition: Companies that protect workers' rights, promote fair wages, and support safe working conditions. Example: ESG funds that avoid fast fashion or invest in inclusive tech firms. Impact: Encourages respect, equity, and well-being.
Definition: Companies that are transparent, follow rules, and have diverse leadership. Example: A tech company with independent oversight and no corruption scandals. Impact: Reduces risk and increases long-term trust. Rob’s Reaction: 🧠 "Smart leadership means better decisions and safer investing."
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🌱 Green Energy
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💼 Fair Labor
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🏛️ Good Governance
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Your Values, Your Money
"Now that you've learned about ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) investing, take a moment to reflect. If you could invest in just one cause — which would it be, and why?"
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Deep Dive – Investment Types
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Stocks
What Are Stocks?
"Stocks represent ownership in a company. When you buy a stock, you’re buying a small piece of that business. If the company grows and becomes more valuable, so can your investment."
Wait… so I can own a part of a company like Apple or Spotify with just €20
Benefits: High return potential Easy to buy/sell Some pay dividends Risks: Stock prices are volatile You could lose money if the company does poorly Emotion-driven decisions can hurt your returns
A stock (or share) gives you partial ownership in a company. If the company performs well, the stock value can increase. Many companies also pay dividends — sharing profits with shareholders. Example: Buying 10 shares of OPAP means you own a small part of the company.
Apple (AAPL) – Tech giant, listed in the US OPAP – Greek lottery and gaming company Airbus – European aerospace leader Spotify – Streaming service listed on the NYSE Tip: You don’t need thousands of euros — you can buy fractional shares on many EU platforms!
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What’s the Catch?
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What Are Stocks
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Famous Stocks You Might Know
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Bonds
What Are Bonds?
"Bonds are like loans you give to a government or company. In return, they promise to pay you back with interest over time. Bonds are generally seen as lower-risk investments compared to stocks."
So I’m the one lending money to a government or company? Cool!
Greek Government Bonds – Issued by the state to fund national expenses EU Green Bonds – Support environmental projects across Europe Corporate Bonds – From big companies like Siemens or IKEA Fun Fact: Governments are usually safer to lend to than companies — which is why their bonds often have lower interest.
When you buy a bond, you're lending money to a government, city, or company. In return, you receive interest payments (called a "coupon") at regular intervals. At the end of the term (called "maturity"), you get back your original investment. Example: Buy a 5-year bond for €1,000 at 3% interest — you earn €30 per year.
Benefits: Stable and predictable returns Often less volatile than stocks Good for conservative investors Risks: Lower returns compared to stocks Inflation can reduce real value In rare cases, issuers can default (fail to pay you back)
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How Do Bonds Work
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Why (and Why Not) Invest in Bonds?
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Bonds You Might Know
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ETFs & Mutual Funds
What Are ETFs?
"ETFs and mutual funds let you invest in many companies at once. Instead of picking individual stocks or bonds, these funds bundle them together so your money is automatically diversified."
"Wait… I can invest in 100 companies at the same time with just one fund? That sounds smart!"
MSCI Europe ETF – Tracks performance of major European companies Piraeus Mutual Fund – A Greek-based mutual fund iShares Core MSCI World ETF – Offers global exposure Bonus Tip: Many beginners start with index ETFs because they’re simple and low-cost.
ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) and Mutual Funds are collections of many investments (like stocks or bonds). You invest in the entire basket — so one purchase spreads your money across many companies. ETFs trade on stock exchanges (like regular stocks), while mutual funds are bought through fund providers.
Benefits: Instant diversification Lower risk than buying single stocks Often low-cost (especially ETFs) Risks: Market downturns still affect the whole fund Some mutual funds charge high fees You don’t control each asset individually
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What Are ETFs & Mutual Funds?
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Why Use Funds Instead of Picking Stocks?
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Common Funds in the EU
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Real Estate
What Is Real Estate Investing
"Real estate investing means buying property—like a home, apartment, or land—with the goal of making money from rent or resale. It’s one of the most traditional ways to invest."
Owning a place and earning rent? That sounds like a grown-up move!
Benefits: Tangible asset — you can see and manage it Can generate rental income Often considered a “safe” long-term choice Risks: Requires a large upfront cost Property prices can drop Managing tenants and repairs takes time Low liquidity — not easy to sell quickly
Buying an apartment in Thessaloniki and renting it to students Buying land near a growing EU suburb Investing in a REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) listed on a stock exchange Tip: In many EU countries, families see real estate as a “safe” or traditional investment.
Buying property to make a profit — either by renting it out or selling it later at a higher price. You can invest directly (own a house/apartment) or indirectly (real estate funds or REITs).
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What Does It Mean to Invest in Real Estate
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Why Invest in Property (And What to Watch Out For)
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Real Estate Examples
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Cryptocurrency
What Is Cryptocurrency?
"Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum are digital assets that live on the blockchain. They offer the chance for high returns—but come with high risks and volatility."
"It looks exciting, but is crypto real money—or just a trend?"
Benefits: Big potential returns Easy to access via mobile apps Appeals to tech-savvy investors Risks: Highly volatile — prices can swing 20% in a day Poor regulation = more scams and hacks Not protected like banks or traditional markets
Bitcoin (BTC): The original and most famous crypto Ethereum (ETH): Known for smart contracts and apps Solana (SOL): A newer coin with fast transactions Note: You can buy small amounts — like €10 worth — on apps like eToro, Binance, or Revolut.
A cryptocurrency is a digital form of money that uses blockchain technology. It's decentralized, meaning no government or bank controls it. People buy crypto hoping its value will rise — similar to stocks, but often more volatile.
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What Is Crypto, Really?
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Pros & Cons
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Popular Cryptos
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Build Your Strategy
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What Kind of Investor Are You?
"Every investor is different. Your risk profile helps you choose the right investments. Help Rob find out his by answering a few quick questions!"
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What Kind of Investor Are You?
Show My Investor Type
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Help Rob Build His Investment Portfolio!
Rob has €1,000 to invest and a medium risk tolerance. Based on what you’ve learned, see him creating a diversified portfolio that balances safety and growth.
"Feels like I’ve got a little bit of everything. I’m not just betting on one horse!"
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Uh-oh! The Market Just Crashed!
Two months after Rob builds his portfolio, the market suddenly drops 15%. Rob sees his balance go down from €1,000 to €850 and panics
Rob sells all his investments at a €150 loss. He locks in the loss and misses the chance to recover.
Rob holds his portfolio and waits it out. After 6 months, markets recover, and his balance returns to €1,050.
Rob adds €100 during the dip and buys more shares at low prices. When the market recovers, his portfolio jumps to €1,200.
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Emotional Investing vs. Long-Term Thinking
"Markets go up, down, and sideways — it’s totally normal.But reacting emotionally to every drop can lead to poor decisions. The most successful investors stick to their plan and focus on the long term."
I realized the worst mistake wasn’t the market crash — it was how I reacted to it!
📉 Don’t Panic Just because the market dips doesn’t mean you’ve failed. It’s part of the process. Selling too soon locks in losses. 🧘 Zoom Out Look at your investment over years, not days. Short-term losses can turn into long-term gains. 📅 Stick to the Plan Set your goal, build your strategy, and trust the process. Review occasionally — don’t obsess daily.
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Tools & Platforms
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Which Platform Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
🟦 1. DEGIRO ✅ Low fees, ideal for ETFs ✅ Regulated in the EU ❌ Desktop-focused, not mobile-friendly
🟨 2. BUX Zero ✅ Commission-free for some trades ✅ App-based, beginner-friendly ❌ Limited research tools
🟥 3. eToro ✅ Social investing features ✅ Includes crypto, stocks, ETFs ❌ High spreads/fees on some assets
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Which Platform Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
🟧 4. Revolut ✅ Fractional shares ✅ Very user-friendly interface ❌ Limited asset selection
So many choices! I think I’ll start with a simple app that offers ETFs and low fees.
🟩 5. NAGA ✅ Regulated in EU ✅ Supports both crypto and traditional assets ❌ More complex interface
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
"Rob wants to start investing, but there are so many platforms to choose from.Each one has different features, costs, and asset options. Let’s compare the most popular EU-regulated platforms for beginners."
"Before investing your first euro, make sure you’ve covered the essentials. Here’s Rob’s personal checklist to stay safe, smart, and successful."
🎯 Set your investment goalsShort-term, long-term, or both? Know your "why." ⚖️ Know your risk profile Are you conservative, balanced, or adventurous? 💼 Choose an EU-regulated platform Check for low fees, good reviews, and regulation.
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
📊 Start with diversified investments Spread your money — don’t put it all in one place. 🧾 Understand taxes and fees Review platform costs and local tax rules. 📆 Track your progress (but not every day!) Set a reminder to review monthly or quarterly. 🧘 Stay calm during ups and downs Don’t let emotions control your decisions.
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Understanding Fees & Taxes
Even a great investment can lose value if you're not aware of the fees and taxes that apply. Rob learned the hard way — now you won’t have to.
Fund Management Fees
Platform Fees
Capital Gains Tax
Dividends Tax
Tax Reporting
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ESG Case Studies – Choose Your Values
"Some investors choose companies that match their values — this is called ESG investing (Environmental, Social, Governance). Help Rob explore real-life examples of how money can drive positive change."
Click a card to explore a cause-based investment example!
Green Energy
Good Governance
Fair Labor Practices
Investing in SolarPower Europe ETFFocuses on EU solar companies and climate solutions Includes startups like Enphase, Vestas, and SMA Solar Lower carbon footprint & supports EU Green Deal
Funds that prioritize workers’ rights and pay equityIncludes companies with verified labor standards Examples: Patagonia, Unilever, IKEA (via ethical funds) Avoids companies with history of labor abuse
Investing in EU Transparency FundFocuses on companies with strong anti-corruption policies Board diversity, ethical audits, no political bribery Example holdings: SAP, Schneider Electric, Nestlé
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ESG Case Studies – Choose Your Values
I didn’t realize investing could actually reflect my values
ESG investing doesn’t mean lower returns — it often means smarter, more sustainable growth.
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Review & Take Action
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
You’ve followed Rob’s journey and learned how to make smart investing decisions. Now let’s test your knowledge! Answer the quiz below and see your Investor Level.
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Investment Starter Checklist Should Rob Use?
You’ve followed Rob’s journey and learned how to make smart investing decisions. Now let’s test your knowledge! Answer the quiz below and see your Investor Level.
You’ve come a long way — and your money will too! It wa GREAT learning with you! Thank you so much for this journey!
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Resources
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Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union Project No.: 2024-1-PL01-KA220-YOU-000251498
Thank you!
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"Most platforms charge small fees for buying/selling, or currency conversion." Example: Buy ETF for €1,000 with 0.5% fee = €5 deducted. 💬 Rob: “Wait, I didn’t know just buying could cost me!”
MORE "A" ANSWERS: "🟩 Result: Conservative Rob You prefer safety and predictability. You’d rather grow your money slowly with low-risk options like bonds or ETFs. Perfect for cautious investors!"
MORE "B" ANSWERS:🟨 Result: Balanced Rob You can handle some ups and downs. You want growth, but not extreme risk. A mix of stocks, real estate, and ETFs suits you best.
MORE "C" ANSWERS: "🟥 Result: Adventurous Rob You like taking chances for big gains. Volatility doesn’t scare you. Stocks and crypto are your playground — but be careful!"
"If your investments go up in value, most EU countries tax your profits." Example: Buy at €500, sell at €700 → gain €200 If taxed at 15%, you pay €30. 💬 Rob: “So profits aren’t always mine to keep.”
🔴 High Risk
Example: Crypto or single tech stocks Return Potential: Very high—but very unpredictable Rob's Thought: "Big gains or big losses. Not for the faint-hearted!"
🟡 Medium Risk
Example: ETFs or Real Estate Return Potential: Moderate, more stable over time Rob's Thought: "A good balance between risk and reward."
"Every country has its own system — know yours!" Example (Greece): Use E1 or E3 forms to report capital gains. 💬 Rob: “Glad I checked before tax season!”
"Companies may share profits with you as dividends. These are often taxed too." Example: Earn €100 in dividends, pay €10–€25 depending on country. 💬 Rob: “Even income from stocks gets taxed?!”
🔵 Low Risk
Example: Government Bonds, Savings Accounts Return: Low, but steady Rob’s Thought: “I feel safer knowing my money is growing slowly and securely.”
"ETFs and mutual funds often charge annual management fees." Example: Mutual fund fee = 1.5%, ETF fee = 0.2%. Over 10 years, this adds up! 💬 Rob: “Lower fees = more money for me!”